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Do NowGet out Roman Roads activity, pass it forward.Take this practice matching quiz on your new
Do Now sheet.1. Artifact1. Artifact a. Taming of animalsa. Taming of animals
2. Domestication2. Domestication b. Prehistoric period (2.5 b. Prehistoric period (2.5 mil.-8000 B.C.) during mil.-8000 B.C.) during which people used crude which people used crude stone tools and weapons.stone tools and weapons.
3. Neolithic Age3. Neolithic Age c. Becoming qualified to c. Becoming qualified to perform a specific task.perform a specific task.
4. Paleolithic Age4. Paleolithic Age d. Human made object such d. Human made object such as a tool, weapon, or piece as a tool, weapon, or piece of jewelryof jewelry
5. Specialization5. Specialization e. 8000-3000 B.C. People e. 8000-3000 B.C. People learned to polish stone tools, learned to polish stone tools, make pottery, grow crops, and make pottery, grow crops, and raise animals.raise animals.
The Pax Romana
The Roman EmpireAugustus Caesar aka – Octavian, sets
up Roman Empire in 27 BC after defeating Marc Anthony.
Creates many reforms like: Civil service system – people of all
classes can have jobs. Set up uniform rule of law Guaranteed safe travel/trade on Roman
roads Created common coinage - make trade
easier. PRAETORIAN GUARD- Police of Rome
The Pax Romana
Augustus’ reign started 200 year period known as Pax Romana – Roman peace.
27 BC to AD 180 was peaceful and stable.
**ONLY INSTABILITY** was transfer of power - law didn’t provide easy succession of Emperors.
Awesome Augustus (27 B.C. - 14 A.D.)
Often said Emperor Augustus, “Found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble.”
Unified and enlarged Roman Empire using imperial authority and strong military.
http://www.unf.edu/classes/freshmancore/core1images/augustus.jpg
The Julian EmperorsAugustus dies in AD 14. 4 emperors who follow are the Julian
emperors = all related to Julius Caesar.
Tiberius (14-37 A.D.)
Very unpopularKnown for
making poor decisions and for attacking his enemies.
Said that ruling Rome was like “holding a wolf by it’s ears.”
http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/tiberius.html
Crazy Caligula! (37-41 A.D.) Caligula takes over
in AD 37.Grand- nephew to
TiberiusBrutal, corrupt,
mentally disturbedNames his horse to
be a consul.Praetorian Guard
assassinated Crazy Caligula in AD 41.
http://www.aeria.phil.uni-erlangen.de/photo_html/portraet/roemisch/kaiserzeit/benannt/caligula/caligu4.JPG
Crippled Claudius(41-54 A.D.)
Paralyzed uncle of Caligula takes over in AD 41.
Very smart, great leader.
His humility made him very popular
Dies in AD 54Stepson Nero takes
the throne
http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/claudius.html
Nasty Nero(54-68 A.D.)
Got the crazy genes from Caligula.
Had mother, wife, and many senators murdered.
Persecuted ChristiansWhat does persecute
mean?Neglected duties, became
fearful he would be killed, and committed suicide in AD 68.
http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/nero.html
Confusion and ChaosIn next year, 4 generals lead Rome
(“The Year of the Four Emperors”).Vespasian eventually wins, starts rule
in AD 69. (rules for ten years)Extends Roman citizenship to all men
in military.Sons Titus and Domitian take over.
Vespasian(69-79 A.D.)
Pivotal moment: The first emperor not related to the family of Augustus, Vespasian achieved imperial power by the support of the armies and via a special law enacted to confer authority on him.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/romespivotalemperors_gallery_02.shtml
The Good EmperorsGood Emperors rule from AD 96- 180.Include :
Nerva – appointed by Senate, popular with people, not with military
Trajan - extended empire to its furthest reaches Hadrian – Builds Wall across north Britain to
protect against invaders.Secured the Roman borders.
Antoninus Pius Marcus Aurelius – Respected scholar
- His death in AD 180 ends the Pax Romana
Hadrian
117-138 A.D.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/romespivotalemperors_gallery_03.shtml
Hadrian’s Wall
http://www.contours.co.uk/self-guided/images/hadrians-wall.gif
http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/img_400/hw_housesteads_03.jpg
Marcus Aurelius・ Born 121 ADReigned 161 -
180 AD
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/romespivotalemperors_gallery_04.shtml
http://skyscraper.fortunecity.com/quantum/773/fotos/gladiator6.jpg
Summary“The emperor was what he did.”
Regardless of the strengths or weaknesses of a leader, Rome still ran fairly smoothly.
Many of the problems are rooted in the fact that Augustus never set up clear standards for succession of power.
The emperor answered first and foremost to the military.
The End of the Pax Romana
A succession of weak leaders and civil wars follows as Rome begins its slow decline.
ReflectionAfter learning about some of the
emperors, the Pax Romana does not seem very peaceful? Why do you think it carried that name?