Download - DNA/Genetics Study Guide
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DNA/Genetics Study Guide
Chapter 16- Section 1
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Chapter 16- Section 1 Asexual reproduction is when a single parent
Has offspring identical to the parent Three types of asexual reproduction are
Budding Fragmentation Regeneration
Sexual reproduction is when offspring are formed when Genetic information from more than 1 parent
combines
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Chapter 16- Section 1 Female parent produces sex cells called
eggs The male parent produces sex cells called
sperm A zygote is the first cell after fertilization Human body cells have 46 chromosomes Meiosis is
The division of 1 cell (46 chromosomes) into 4 cells (23 chromosomes)
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Chapter 16- Section 1 In humans, meiosis is the division of one cell
(46 chromosomes) into four cells that have 23 chromosomes each
Genetics information is found in genes
Genes are located On chromosomes
During fertilization, the egg and sperm Each contribute chromosomes to the zygote
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Chapter 16- Section 1 External fertilization is
When sperm fertilized the eggs outside of the female body
An example of external fertilization is Clown fish, frogs
Internal fertilization is Sperm & egg join inside the female body
An example of internal fertilization is Most mammals
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Chapter 16- Section 1 All mammals reproduce sexually or
asexually? EXPLAIN:
Monotreme: lays eggs/hatch Marsupial: birth to partially developed live young Placental mammal: birth to developed live young
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DNA/Genetics Study Guide
Chapter 16- Section 2
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Chapter 16- Section 2 Pollination happens when
Pollen is moved from the anthers to the stigmas Pollen contains
sperm Explain how fertilization occurs in flowering
plants…After the pollen lands on the stigma A tube grows from each pollen grain
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Chapter 16- Section 2
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Chapter 16- Section 2 Another word for dormant is
Inactive Seeds need water, air, and warm
temperature to sprout Three structures that asexual plants use are
Plantlets Tubers Runners
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DNA/Genetics Study Guide
DNA/Genetics Packet
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DNA/Genetics Packet Another name for trait would be
Physical characteristics Name two traits that giraffes have
Colors / patterns / long necks / long legs Define gene
A section of DNA on a chromosome that controls a trait
T / F No two living things that are produced by sexual reproduction-except identical twins-have exactly the same genes
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DNA/Genetics Packet What are some traits that make you unique
Hair color, eye color, straight/curly hair, ear lobes, height, blood type
Who is credited with the discovery of the structure of DNA James Watson and Francis Crick
The ladder of DNA is made of bases. These 4 bases are represented by the letters: A, T, G, and C
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DNA/Genetics Packet Which bases fit together
A and T fit together G and C fit together
The difference in the sequences of base pairs in the genes allow The genes to give the cell an almost endless set
of instructions for controlling all the characteristics of an individual
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DNA/Genetics Packet Why is the information coded in the DNA of a
giraffe so different from the information in your cells It’s different because the way in which the base
pairs are arranged on the rungs of the DNA ladder is different in a giraffe than it is in your body cells
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DNA / Genetics Packet
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DNA / Genetics Packet
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How do organisms inherit traits? From parents to
offspring Zygote 23 chromosomes and
23 chromosomes from the mother
The appearance of each child in the family results from the specific combination of genes
Pink snapdragons Roan calves Completely hiding the
effect of another gene Capital letters A gene whose effect
is hidden by another gene
Lower case letter
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No title! Purebred Hybrid Widow’s peak, rolling
tongue Freckles, red hair Mutation Albino
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Sexual Determination X and Y X X or Y Y-carrying Boy- XY X-carrying Girl-XX
X chromosomes Equal Y chromosomes Half Boys girls
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Stem cell Protozoa and bacteria Design and function Tissues Organs and systems Cells that continually
reproduce themselves
Marrow Blood, skin and other
organs Adult stem cells They can be found in
a cluster called blastocyst which is a developing human embryo
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Why are scientists interested in stem cells Leukemia, lymphoma Healthy stem cells Either a patient or a
donor Multiply and divide Healthy, disease-free Blood and immune Stem cells Treat and cure
Diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and cancer
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Embryonic stem cells help sick and injured? Because they are so
flexible- they can effectively replace the damaged cells that cause many diseases and injury
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Where do we get stem cells for research and medical use? Umbilical cord Person’s body A microscopic, early
embryo Fertility treatments Nucleus Unfertilized Divide and multiply blastocyst
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
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Why are stem cells in the news so much? Because the cells
come from a microscopic human embryo, which is destroyed when the stem cells are extracted
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How could stem cells cure disease? Heart Left with scar tissue
on the heart and often face long term health problems
Produce new heart muscle cells. These are transplanted into the scarred area of the heart and regenerate damaged heart tissue
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Solutions? Produce new insulin
producing cells. These cells would be transplanted into the patient where they would produce insulin inside the body