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DNA Replication
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DNA Replication
Watson and Crick noticed the huge benefit of double strands
Each strand can serve as a template for making for making the other
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DNA Replication
•Prior to mitosis and meiosis DNA must be copied•Like cells, all DNA comes from previously existing DNA
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Semiconservative Model Each strand serves
as a template for the creation of a new strand of DNA
2 DNA molecules are created, each containing 1 strand of the original DNA
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Semiconservative Replication
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The Beginning
•Topoisomerase unwinds the helix•Helicase separates the strands•Single stranded binding proteins (SSBs) keep the strands separated
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Topoisomerase, Helicase and Single-Strand Binding Protein
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Priming DNA
A short RNA primer is added first by primase
DNA can only be added to an existing primer
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DNA Polymerases
Each nucleotide is added one by one by DNA polymerases
A added to T
G added to C etc.
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Antiparallel DNA StrandsThe two strands are arranged in opposite directions
Each strand has an “end”
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The Leading Strand
Built continuously as the replication fork opens in front of it
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The Lagging Strand
•Built in pieces the opposite direction of replication•Built in fragments, called Okazaki fragments
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Review Helicase separates strands, SSBs help keep
strands apart DNA polymerase adds nucleotides DNA ligase fuses Okazaki fragments of lagging
strands together
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Topoisomerase
Helicase Single Stranded Binding Proteins
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Primase
3’
5’
DNA Polymerase
Leading Strand
Lagging StrandOkazaki Fragments
DNA Ligase