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DNA and Protein Synthesis
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What does it mean to be transformed?
How did Griffith’s experiment give clues about the role of genes?
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Avery’s Experiment
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What is the significance of DNase?
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Hershey - Chase
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What would have it meant if they found Sulfur inside the cells and not phosphorus?
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What are the three roles of DNA?
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The Role Of DNA• Store information in the form of genes• Copy information during mitosis • Transmit information from one generation to the next
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What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?Can you draw a nucleotide?
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What type of bonds are between the sugar and the phosphate group?What type of bond hold the nitrogen bases together?
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Nucleotides
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Can you show me that you understand Chargaff’s rule?
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Chargaff’s Rule
• Go to page 345 “Analyzing Data”to review Chargaff’s rule.
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Using 4 nucleotides, can you draw DNA being double sided and anti-parallel?
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DNA Structure
• Go to page 348 to review your understanding of the key concepts.
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What is the role of the following enzymes involved in DNA replication?
HelicasePolymeraseLigase
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DNA Replication• Leading End- DNA is added continuously towards the
replication fork• Lagging End – DNA is added discontinuously away from
the replication fork using primers and Okazaki fragments
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Chapter 12 Assessment• Review the question from pages 356 – 357 (# 1-6 & 9-11)• Review question 1-5 and question 10 on page 359
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DNA & RNA
•Master Plan vs Blue Print•How is RNA different from DNA?
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Protein Synthesis
• TranscriptionoTakes place in the nucleusoMakes a strand of mRNA from _____oPromoters tell the enzyme RNA ____________
where to transcribe the DNA template strand.oThe mRNA is spliced keeping the _________ and removing the ____________. RNA splicing allow on gene to code for more than one _____________
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TranslationoTakes place in the ___________oStarts with a start _________oTermination occurs at the stop ________oMolecules involved; mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes, amino acids
oThe end product of translation is a _____________
oThe central dogma states that ________ makes _________ which codes for a _________.
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Translation
• mRNA has a series of codons that specify the certain amino-acid sequence
• A codon codes for a specific _________ which is a subunit of a ____________• Codon ACC codes for __________
(use your codon table on page 367)
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Translation
• tRNA has __________ that are complementary to codons on mRNA• tRNA – CCU is complementary
to ____ - mRNA• tRNA has an attachment site so it can transport amino acids to the __________
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Translation
• Ribosomes are made of the large and small sub units
• The sub units are composed of ______ and proteins
• Ribosomes read the ______ strand and allow the _____ to bring in the proper amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain
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Translation
• 3 steps of translation include:• Initiation – the ______ attaches to the mRNA strand
• Elongation – the ribosome allows the polypeptide chain to grow one _______ at a time.
• Termination – when a _______ codon is reached the polypeptide chain is complete
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13.2 Assessment
• Go to page 371 and answer questions 1-3
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Table of Codons
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Quick Lab
• Go to page 367 and lets review “How Does a Cell Interpret Codon”
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13.3 Assessment
• Go to page 376 to review key concepts question #1
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Mutations and Evolution
• Slight variations in populations are due to changes in the DNA (genes)
• Leads to some individuals having more favorable traits than others and gives them a better chance at survival
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Chapter 13 Review
• Review questions on pages 386 – 387o13.1 questions 1-5o13.2 questions 8-14o13.3 questions 18-23
• Standardized Test Prep on page 389oQuestions 1-8