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Diversity through extrapolation of
microevolutionary mechanisms
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GroupingsPopulation
Local group of orgs of one species
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GroupingsSpecies
Populations of orgs that may interbreed to produce fertile offspring
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Isolation of Subpopulations
Mechanisms of evolution cause isolated subpopulations to diverge
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Geographic IsolationPopulations are physically separated
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GeographicIsolationNatural selection, mutations, and gene flow occur independently in isolated populations
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J F M A M J J A S O N D
Reproductive Isolation
Mating Season
for Group A
Mating Season
for Group B
Pops overlap, but are unable interbreed successfullyPrezygotic
Behavioral Temporal Mechanical
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PostzygoticInviabilityInfertility
Reproductive Isolation
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Evidence of Evolution
Fossil RecordExtant species are not the only ones to have existed on Earth
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Fossil RecordSome fossils indicate missing links between extant groups
Evidence of Evolution
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Rates of Change
Punctuated Equilibrium
Gradualism
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Evidence of Evolution
Homologous
Structures
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Evidence of Evolution
Analogous Structures
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Evidence of EvolutionVestigial Structures
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Biochemistry Molecular comparisons
indicate relations (closer match = closer relation) DNA Hybridization Protein Comparison (amino
acid sequence)
A
B
C
A BA+B
Evidence of Evolution
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Similarity in embryology indicates common ancestry
Evidence of Evolution
Sponge
Jellyfish
Clam
Insect
Human
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Evidence of Evolution
Chicken
Fish
Human
Rabbit
Salamander