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District wise skill gap study for the
State of Uttar Pradesh
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
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Disclaimer: National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) engaged ICRA Management Consulting Services Limited (IMaCS) to prepare this report, which is based on independent research and analysis done by IMaCS. This report is not based or derived from any other report or research paper. Any similarity with any other paper may purely be a coincidence. All rights reserved. All copyright in this report and related works is solely and exclusively owned by NSDC. The same may not be reproduced, wholly or in part in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this report), modified or in any manner communicated to any third party except with the written approval of NSDC. This report is for information purposes only. While due care has been taken during the compilation of this report to ensure that the information is accurate to the best of IMaCSs’ and NSDC’s knowledge and belief, the content is not to be construed in any manner whatsoever as a substitute for professional advice. IMaCS and NSDC neither recommend nor endorse any specific products or services that may have been mentioned in this report and nor do they assume any liability or responsibility for the outcome of decisions taken as a result of any reliance placed in this report. Neither IMaCS nor NSDC shall be liable for any direct or indirect damages that may arise due to any act or omission on the part of the user due to any reliance placed or guidance taken from any portion of this report.
Year of publishing: 2013
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
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District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
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Table of Contents 1. UTTAR PRADESH ................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1. Background of the study ................................................................................................................... 8
1.1.1. Study objectives .......................................................................................................................... 10
1.1.2. Approach and Methodology ....................................................................................................... 11
1.1.3. Methodology used for forecasting demand and supply ............................................................. 12
1.1.4. Key definitions used in the report .............................................................................................. 14
1.1.5. Study limitations ......................................................................................................................... 15
1.2. Socio-economic profile of Uttar Pradesh ........................................................................................ 16
1.2.1. Demography ................................................................................................................................ 16
1.2.2. Migration..................................................................................................................................... 18
1.2.3. Economy ...................................................................................................................................... 19
1.2.4. Agriculture and allied activities ................................................................................................... 20
1.2.5. Industry ....................................................................................................................................... 23
1.2.6. Services ....................................................................................................................................... 29
1.3. Education and training profile ........................................................................................................ 30
1.4. Skill development initiatives ........................................................................................................... 33
1.5. Mapping of high growth sectors ..................................................................................................... 36
1.5.1. Auto and auto components ........................................................................................................ 40
1.5.2. Banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI)......................................................................... 40
1.5.3. Building, construction and real estate ........................................................................................ 41
1.5.4. Food processing .......................................................................................................................... 42
1.5.5. Handloom and Handicraft ........................................................................................................... 43
1.5.6. Leather Goods ............................................................................................................................. 44
1.5.7. Textile and clothing ..................................................................................................................... 45
1.5.8. Organized retail ........................................................................................................................... 45
1.5.9. Tourism, travel and hospitality ................................................................................................... 46
1.5.10. IT/ITeS ......................................................................................................................................... 47
1.6. Clusters in Uttar Pradesh ................................................................................................................ 48
1.7. Skill gaps .......................................................................................................................................... 50
1.8. Employment potential .................................................................................................................... 53
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1.8.1. Demand side numbers ................................................................................................................ 53
1.8.2. Supply side numbers ................................................................................................................... 56
1.8.3. Demand-supply gap .................................................................................................................... 58
1.9. Youth aspirations ........................................................................................................................ 59
1.10. Recommendations ...................................................................................................................... 62
1.10.1. Government ................................................................................................................................ 63
1.10.2. Private training providers ........................................................................................................... 72
1.10.3. Industry ....................................................................................................................................... 77
1.10.4. NSDC ........................................................................................................................................... 80
List of Tables Table 1: Key demographic indicators .......................................................................................................... 16
Table 2: Agriculture Snapshot ..................................................................................................................... 21
Table 3: Productivity of key crops – a comparison ..................................................................................... 22
Table 4: Industry distribution snapshot ...................................................................................................... 24
Table 5: Key export centres in Uttar Pradesh ............................................................................................. 27
Table 6: Industrial Parks in Uttar Pradesh .................................................................................................. 28
Table 7: Key Literacy indicators, Uttar Pradesh .......................................................................................... 30
Table 8: School education infrastructure in Uttar Pradesh, as of 30th Sep, 2011 ....................................... 30
Table 9: Enrolments in Higher Education courses for Uttar Pradesh state, as of 30th Sep, 2009 ............... 31
Table 10: Polytechnic Institutes in Uttar Pradesh, as on March 2013 ........................................................ 31
Table 11: Key ITI indicators in Uttar Pradesh ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 12: Indicative list of NSDC partner training providers in Uttar Pradesh state .................................. 32
Table 13 : Major handloom production centres in Uttar Pradesh.............................................................. 43
Table 14: Industrial cluster distribution in Uttar Pradesh .......................................................................... 48
Table 15: Key skill gaps – by sector ............................................................................................................. 50
Table 16: Incremental demand in Uttar Pradesh, 2012 to 2022 ................................................................ 53
Table 17: Skill wise incremental demand in Uttar Pradesh, 2012 to 2022 ................................................. 55
Table 18: Incremental supply in Uttar Pradesh, 2012 to 2022 ................................................................... 56
Table 18: Incremental supply by skill level in Uttar Pradesh, 2012 to 2022 ............................................... 57
Table 20: High growth sectors where Government incentives are required for private training .............. 71
Table 21: Indicative list of training programs for private training providers .............................................. 74
Table 22: Sectors where NSDC intervention is required in Uttar Pradesh ................................................. 80
List of Figures Figure 1: Demographic and worker profile of Uttar Pradesh ..................................................................... 17
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Figure 2: Migration to Delhi – 1991-2001 ................................................................................................... 18
Figure 3: GSDP of Uttar Pradesh, in ‘000 Rs. Crore ..................................................................................... 19
Figure 4: Share of primary, secondary and tertiary sectors in Uttar Pradesh’s GSDP ................................ 19
Figure 5: Sector wise composition on Uttar Pradesh’s GSDP, .................................................................... 20
Figure 6: Land Utilization pattern in Uttar Pradesh – 2008-09 ................................................................... 21
Figure 7: Cropping intensity in Uttar Pradesh – 2008-09 ........................................................................... 22
Figure 8: Uttar Pradesh industry snap shot ................................................................................................ 24
Figure 9: SSI profile in Uttar Pradesh – 2010 .............................................................................................. 26
Figure 10: Percentage share of services in service sector GSDP ................................................................ 29
Figure 11: Skill development infrastructure set up by the State Government in Uttar Pradesh ............... 33
Figure 12: Skill wise incremental demand in Uttar Pradesh – 2012 to 2022 .............................................. 54
Figure 13: Projected workforce of Uttar Pradesh - 2022 ............................................................................ 57
Figure 14: Youth aspirations – mismatch between industry demand and aspirations of the youth ......... 59
Figure 15: Youth aspirations – common themes across districts ............................................................... 60
Figure 16: Focus of skilling .......................................................................................................................... 63
Figure 17: Broad framework of recommendations for the Government ................................................... 64
Figure 18: Broad contours of recommendations for private training providers ........................................ 72
Figure 19: Broad contours of recommendations for industry .................................................................... 77
List of Abbreviations and acronyms
Abbreviation/ acronym Full form
ASI Annual Survey of Industries
BFSI Banking, Financial Services and Insurance
BPO Business Process Outsourcing
CADD Computer Aided Design and Drawing
CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing
CEC Central Empowered Committee
CNC Computer Numerical Control
Cr. Crore
Deptt. Department
DIC District Industries Centre
DRDA District Rural Development Agency
e.g. Example
EDP Entrepreneurship Development Programmes
EoI Expression of Interest
FDI Foreign Direct Investment
GDDP Gross District Domestic Product
GDI Gender Development Index
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GSDP Gross State Domestic Product
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Abbreviation/ acronym Full form
ha Hectares
HDI Human Development Index
HHI Household Industry
HR Human Resources
HRD Human Resource Development
IT Information Technology
ITC Industrial Training Centre
ITES IT Enabled Services
ITI Industrial Training Institute
KPO Knowledge Process Outsourcing
LMIS Labour Market Information System
MES Modular Employment Scheme
MHRD Ministry of Human Resource Development
MMTPA Million Metric Tonne Per Annum
MMV Mechanic Motor Vehicle
MNCs Multi-national companies
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
MSME Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises
MW Megawatt
n/a Not applicable
NBFC Non-Banking Financial Corporations
NGO Non-Governmental Organisations
NH National Highway
NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
No. Number
NSR National Skills Registry
PPP Public-Private Partnership
R&D Research and Development
RBI Reserve Bank of India
SC Scheduled Caste
SEZ Special Economic Zone
SHGs Self-Help Groups
SOP Standard Operating Procedure
sq.ft. Square Feet
sq.km. Square kilometre
SSC Sector Skill Council
SSI Small Scale Industry
ST Scheduled Tribe
SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats
WSHGs Women Self Help Groups
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1. UTTAR PRADESH 1.1. Background of the study
Uttar Pradesh is the largest State in India in terms of population (16.49 per cent) and fifth largest in
terms of geographical area (7.2 per cent). At 828 persons per sq.km, it ranks ninth in terms of population
density among all states and Union Territories. Uttar Pradesh has 75 administrative districts (71 as of
Census 2011; four more created subsequently). Lucknow is the state capital. Noida, Ghaziabad,
Allahabad, Kanpur, Meerut and Saharanpur are the other key cities. It is bifurcated into 18 revenue
divisions’ viz. Agra, Aligarh, Allahabad, Azamgarh, Bareilly, Basti, Chitrakoot, Devipatan, Faizabad,
Gorakhpur, Jhansi, Kanpur, Lucknow, Meerut, Mirzapur, Moradabad, Saharanpur and Varanasi.
The state was created on 1 April 1937 as the United Provinces with the passing of the States
Reorganization Act and renamed Uttar Pradesh in 1950. It shares its border with the Himalayan nation,
Nepal, in the North and the Indian states of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh in the Northwest;
Haryana, Delhi and Rajasthan in the West; Madhya Pradesh in the South; Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand in
the Southeast and Bihar in the East. The state covers a large part of the highly fertile and densely
populated upper Gangetic plains. Its total forest area is just about 6.9 per cent. Uttar Pradesh has two
major rivers: the Ganges and the Yamuna. Other major rivers are the Ghaghra, Gomati and the
Ramganga. Hindi is the most commonly spoken language. English and Urdu are the other common
languages in use.
About 16.6 per cent of India’s villages are located in Uttar Pradesh. About 78 per cent of the State’s
population is rural. Districts with over 30 per cent urban population are: Agra, Aligarh, Bareilly, Jhansi,
Firozabad, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Ghaziabad, Lucknow, Kanpur (urban), Meerut, Moradabad,
Saharanpur and Varanasi.
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As per Census 2001, Uttar Pradesh had the largest outward migration among all states, at around 27
lakh persons. Movement with households and for work was the key reason for migration. The key
drivers for large migration can be found in the state’s socio-economic performance.
Uttar Pradesh’s Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) at current prices for 2011-12 is estimated at Rs.
6.76 lakh crore, contributing to 8.2 per cent of India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The GSDP at
constant prices has increased at a CAGR of 6.9 per cent in the last five years (2006-07 to 2011-12) lower
than the GDP growth of India at 7.9 per cent.
Presently, industrial and services sector both together contribute about 74.8 per cent of GSDP, while
primary sector’s contribution is about 24.2 per cent. The per capita income of the State at current prices
is estimated at Rs.26,051 in the year 2010-11 – much lower than the All-India average of Rs.60,972 per
annum.
As per India Human Development Report, 2011 Human Development Index (HDI) of India average is
0.467 and Uttar Pradesh ranks 18th in the country with HDI of 0.380. As of Census 2011, the State’s
literacy rate was 67.7 per cent – lower than All-India average of 74 per cent.
As mentioned earlier, Uttar Pradesh makes largest contribution to India’s population – thus directly
contributing to the India’s demographic dividend. As of Census 2011, Uttar Pradesh has a population of
19.98 crore persons. Of this, 52 per cent of the population is in working-age group, while only 34 per
cent is in the labour force. The gap is attributed to people who do not want to work. This could be due
to aspirations for higher studies or voluntary unemployment or unwillingness to work.
As of 2011, the State’s workforce is estimated at 6.69 crore persons. Majority of these are employed in
agriculture at 66 per cent as either cultivators or agricultural labourers. The remaining 34 per cent are
employed in non-agricultural activities. Given this background, the skill development assumes greater
significance.
Uttar Pradesh Government’s Education sector Goals for 12th Five-Year Plan Period
Achieve 85 per cent literacy rate by 2017.
Universal primary enrolment and reduce gender gap from 20 per cent to 10 per cent.
Drop out ratio in Elementary Education to be reduced to 5 per cent by 2017.
To improve teacher-pupil ratio from the present level of 1:40 to RTE norms. Source: Uttar Pradesh Government’s submission to the Planning Commission; IMaCS Analysis
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The Government has put in place an institutional structure for skill development in the State up to the
district level. The key highlights are given in the box below.
Uttar Pradesh’s focus on skill development Uttar Pradesh has set up a State Skill Development Mission (SSDM) headed by the Chief Minister. The State has also set up a separate department for vocational education, which is the nodal agency for skill development and coordination of 18 different departments. A Vocational Education Board has also been set up for coordinating various aspects of skill development. The objectives of the Mission include:-
To integrate efforts of various departments of State and Central Government engaged in Skill Development Training
Imparting training in vocational skills to 45 lakh youth in the age group of 14 to 35 years in 12th five year plan period
Out of 45 lakh, 24.18 lakh to be trained through short duration training programs rest through regular institutes
Ensuring placement of preferably at least 70% of the trained youth in gainful wage and self employment
Given the above background and the growing importance of skill development in the State of Uttar
Pradesh, the District Wise Skill Gap Study for the State of Uttar Pradesh has been conducted. The
findings of the study are presented in this report.
1.1.1. Study objectives
The terms of reference for the study are as follows:
1. Review the socio-economic profile of the district covering demography, economic profile of
district by industry, state of education etc.,
2. Identify developmental opportunities keeping in mind factor endowments and stakeholder
perspectives
3. Identify specific developmental initiatives/projects which have impact on employment
generation
4. Articulate the aspirations of the youth
5. Identify the current and future (2012 to 2022) skills and manpower requirement by industry and
estimate the gap that exists
6. Study the existing VT infrastructure both in the private sector and the government domain
7. Identify current schemes and programmes relating to skill development and their achievements
/ challenges.
8. Suggest suitable interventions/recommendations to address the skills gap
Recommendations have to be specific and actionable
Recommendations should also include specific initiatives that NSDC can take based on the
mandate of the organisation
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9. Create an action plan with indicative timelines
1.1.2. Approach and Methodology
The study has been conducted in three phases: (1) Diagnostics; (2) Synthesis; and (3) Recommendations.
The same has been achieved through a combination of primary and secondary survey.
Phase – 1: Diagnostic Phase
The objective of this phase was to review the socio-economic profile of the State and all the 75 districts
of Uttar Pradesh. We focused on analyzing the economic and social position of the districts based on
evolution of the district and type of economic activity and status of education. The factor advantages,
constraints facing the district either due to intrinsic factors or common among the State, and the
challenges going forward were analysed. We thus understood the factor endowments of the district and
the potential it holds. At the end of this stage, we have presented the SWOT analysis of each of the
districts.
Phase – 2: Synthesis Phase
The objective of this phase was to map the development and employment opportunities in the district,
and assess the sectoral skill requirement. This was carried-out in three modules:
Module 1-Assessment of Development Potential: The objective of this phase was to identify
development opportunities across formal and informal sectors which provide livelihood
opportunities for employment.
Module 2 - Assessment of Employment Potential: For the developmental opportunities
identified, we forecasted district level employment potential for 2012 to 2022
Module 3 -Assessment of sectoral skill requirement and gap analysis: As a part of this, we
assessed the current and future skills required among the district level workforce and identified
the skill gaps which currently exist.
Phase – 3: Recommendations
Based on the results from Phase 1 and Phase 2, we framed our recommendations. Our
recommendations focus on various measures targeted at all ‘levels’ of the skill pyramid towards skill
building at a ‘district and state level’. Recommendations have interventions for the Government, Private
Players, Industry and NSDC. Our interventions focus on various measures/potential ideas/projects
required to be pursued for development and employment generation.
Primary Research
Given the nature of assignment, IMaCS met key Government officials to review the policy direction. We
also interacted with industry representatives in the formal and informal sector to understand human
resource and skill requirements from a district and regional as well as State level. In addition, we
administered a structured questionnaire to select companies and educational institutions to map the
current and future skill requirement.
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As part of the field survey, some of the key stakeholders we interacted with at the district level were:
District Collectors / Additional District Collectors
General Manager – District Industries Centre
Employment Exchange Officer
Tribal Development Officer
District Agricultural officer
Project Director – District Rural Development Agency
District Vocational Education and Training Officer
Other Government departments such as animal husbandry, sericulture, fishery, tourism etc.
Select industrial associations
Select industries – both large and MSME
NGOs and SHGs
Select educational institutions such as universities, colleges, ITI, polytechnics, private training
institutes etc.
Youth groups
District Level Single Window Clearance Committee (DLSWCC), if any
The list is not exhaustive and varies from district to district depending upon the availability of the
personnel.
Secondary Research
We also relied on information available in the public domain that we considered reliable to validate the
findings of our primary survey.
1.1.3. Methodology used for forecasting demand and supply
As a part of the study, we have forecasted the demand and supply of human resources from 2012 to
2022. The demand and supply forecasts help determine the potential skill gaps (quantitative) in the
State as well as its different districts.
Demand side estimation
Different methodologies have been used for different sectors – based on difference in sector dynamics
as well as data availability. Broad methodology used for different sectors is elucidated in the table
below.
Sector Data sources Factors considered
Agriculture and allied NSSO 55th round, 61st round and 66th round, Census 2001, Census 2011
Historical trends, employment elasticity, district wise number of cultivators and agricultural workers, share of agriculture in total workers, discussions with stakeholders
Auto and auto components
ASI, Primary survey, Uttar Pradesh Statistical Abstract 2011 , Udyog Bandhu
Historical trends in employment, output, productivity, growth of auto manufacturing industry, penetration of automobile, demand
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Sector Data sources Factors considered
for auto servicing, discussions with stakeholders
BFSI RBI, IRDA, Uttar Pradesh Statistical Abstract 2011
Historical trends, growth of banking, insurance, mutual funds, NBFCs and financial intermediaries, discussions with stakeholders
Construction NSSO 55th round, 61st round and 66th round, Department of Economics and Statistics Uttar Pradesh
Historical trends, employment elasticity, upcoming investments, advancements in technology, discussions with stakeholders
Chemicals and pharmaceuticals
ASI, Primary survey, Udyog Bandhu
Historical trends in employment, output, productivity, discussions with stakeholders
Education & skill development
Department of Education, Uttar Pradesh, MHRD – GoI, DISE, Uttar Pradesh Statistical Abstract 2011
Historical trends, number of teachers, students, pupil-teacher ratio, GER, population in different age-groups, discussions with stakeholders
Electronics and IT hardware
ASI, Primary survey, Udyog Bandhu
Historical trends in employment, output, productivity, discussions with stakeholders
Food processing ASI, Primary survey, Udyog Bandhu
Historical trends in employment, output, productivity, discussions with stakeholders
Furniture & furnishings ASI, Primary survey Historical trends in employment, output, productivity, discussions with stakeholders
Healthcare Centre for Enquiry into Health and Allied Themes, Central Bureau of Health Intelligence and Statistical Abstract of Uttar Pradesh 2011
Historical trends, availability of medical personnel such as allopathic doctors, dental surgeons, ayush doctors, nurses, pharmacists, health assistants and health workers, number of hospitals, number of hospital beds, discussions with stakeholders
IT & ITES NASSCOM, Historical trends, companies present across various districts, discussions with stakeholders
Leather & leather products
ASI, Primary survey, Udyog Bandhu
Historical trends in employment, output, productivity, discussions with stakeholders
Media & entertainment FICCI Frames, Primary survey and discussions with industry stakeholders
Historical trends, employment elasticity in TV, films, print media, animation, and gaming, both production and distribution sides, upcoming investments and industry growth rates, discussions with stakeholders
Organised retail IMaCS estimates Historical trends, upcoming retail capacity and employment elasticity, discussions with stakeholders
Textiles & clothing ASI, Textile Commissioner of India, Udyog Bandhu
Historical trends in employment, output, productivity, discussions with stakeholders
Transportation, logistics, warehousing and packaging
NSSO 55th round, 61st round and 66th round, Uttar Pradesh Statistical Abstract 2011
Historical trends, employment elasticity, discussions with stakeholders
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Sector Data sources Factors considered
Tourism, travel, and hospitality
NSSO 55th round, 61st round and 66th round, Uttar Pradesh Statistical Abstract 2011
Historical trends, tourist inflow, number of hotel beds, discussions with stakeholders
Unorganised sector (domestic workers, security guards, facility management, handloom, handicrafts, beauty culture)
IMaCS estimates Historical trends, income wise availability of households, number of enterprises, women in a particular age bracket, per capita income, discussions with stakeholders
Other manufacturing (Included manufacturing of basic metals, fabricated metal products and other transport equipment.
ASI, Primary survey, Department of Economics and Statistics - Uttar Pradesh
Historical trends in employment, output, productivity, discussions with stakeholders
Supply side estimation
The current stock of labour force is estimated by applying labour force participation rate (LFPR) to the
population. The stock of labour force is divided into different skill levels based on the level of
educational attainment.
The addition to the labour force (incremental supply to labour) is estimated based on the following:
Gross out-turn: Out-turn of students at different levels of educational attainment. Out-turn is
based on student enrolment, adjusted for drop-out rates and pass rates.
Net out-turn: Adjust the out-turn for voluntary unemployment (i.e. students who are not
interested in joining the job market).
Supply adjusted for retirees: Adjust the net out-turn for population that will be retiring from the
work-force, to arrive at net additions to the workforce.
Migration adjusted supply: Uttar Pradesh exports a large number of people to outside the State
as well. Thus, the number of in-migrants is subtracted and the number of out-migrants is added
to reach the migration adjusted supply numbers.
1.1.4. Key definitions used in the report
Skill in formal sectors: Skill levels for formal sectors have been assessed based on the level
of education attainment in combination with experience, as follows:
o Minimally-skilled workforce: Literate but below Xth standard
o Semi-skilled workforce: Xth + 2/3 years of education
o Skilled workforce: Xth + 5 years of education
Skill in informal sectors: Skill levels for informal sectors have been assed mainly based on
the experience and number of years spent in a particular trade. Number of years for which
experience is counted varies from sector to sector.
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1.1.5. Study limitations
Data availability: In some of the cases, it was a challenge conducting analysis based on
secondary data, as some of the data (especially at the district level) was unavailable –
especially on the time series basis. In some cases, there was also discrepancy in the data
obtained from the district level vis-à-vis the State level. Therefore, we used data sources
which we deemed reliable. Data for some indicators was even out-dated (e.g. Census 2001),
as latest data is still not available / published. Wherever, data availability was an issue, we
have used proxy indicators along with our own estimations.
Unavailability of key personnel: In some of the districts, some key stakeholders were
unavailable for meetings. However, we tried to establish contacts with next in-line referred
by stakeholders.
Employment numbers: For certain sectors, number of people currently employed is not
available in public domain. Thus, we have relied on industry interactions and our
approximations in those cases. This is especially true for unorganised sectors.
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1.2. Socio-economic profile of Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh is situated in the northern India. The State is divided into 18 revenue divisions which are
further divided into 75 districts. Lucknow is the capital of Uttar Pradesh and is known as a multicultural
city that flourished as a cultural and artistic capital of North India in the 18th and 19th centuries and as a
seat of power of Nawabs.
1.2.1. Demography
Uttar Pradesh is the largest State in India in terms of population contribution – 16.5 per cent. As of 2011
Census, the State has a population of 19.9 crore persons. In the last ten years, the State’s population has
grown at a CAGR of 1.86 per cent, as compared to 1.6 per cent All-India growth rate.
Table 1: Key demographic indicators
Indicator Uttar Pradesh India Administrative Units (Census 2011) 2011 2011
No. of districts 75* 640
No. of sub-districts/Tehsils 312 5,924
No. of Towns (Statutory and Census) 915 7,935
No. of Villages 106,704 640,867
Population 2011 2011
Total population (Crore) 19.9 121
Percentage of India’s population 16.4% 100.0%
Population growth (Decadal) 20.1% 17.6%
Urban population 22.3% 31.1%
Sex ratio (females per 1,000 males) 908 940
Human Development Indicators
Human Development Index (HDI:2007-08) 0.38 0.47
HDI rank among 23 states 18 -
Gender Development Index (GDI: 2005-06) 0.51 0.59
GDI rank among 35 states/UTs 34 -
Vital Statistics 2009-10 2009-10
Literacy rate (Census 2011) 69.7% 74.0%
Birth rate (per 1,000 population) 28.0 22.1
Death rate (per 1,000 population) 8.0 7.2
Maternal Mortality Ratio (Maternal deaths per 1 lakh live births; 2007-09)
359 212
Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 population) 61.0% 47.0%
<5 years Mortality rate (per 1,000 population) 79.0% 59.0%
Poverty 2009-10 2009-10
Poverty headcount 37.7% 29.8%
*Working age population is the population in the age-group of 15 to 59 years. ^ Work participation rate is defined as the
percentage of total workers (main and marginal workers) to total population.
Source: UNDP; Census 2011, CMIE; Government of India Press Note; IMaCS Analysis
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Of the total population of Uttar Pradesh state, around 77.73 percent live in the villages of rural areas. In
actual numbers, males and females were 80,992,995 and 74,324,283 respectively. Total population of
rural areas of Uttar Pradesh state was 155,317,278. The total figure of population living in urban areas is
44,495,063 (22.27%) of which 23,487,515 are males and while remaining 21,007,548 are females. The
urban population in the last 10 years has increased by 22.27 percent.
As of Census 2011, literacy rate in Uttar Pradesh has seen upward trend and is 67.68 percent as per
2011 population census. Of that, male literacy stands at 77.28 percent while female literacy is at 51.36
percent. In 2001, literacy rate in Uttar Pradesh stood at 56.27 percent of which male and female were
67.30 percent and 43 percent literate respectively.
As of 2011, the State’s workforce is estimated at 6.69 crore persons. Majority of these are employed in
agriculture at 66 per cent as either cultivators or agricultural labourers. The remaining 34 per cent are
employed in non-agricultural activities.
Figure 1: Demographic and worker profile of Uttar Pradesh
Source: Census 2001, Census 2011, NSSO 66
th Round
According to NSSO 66th round on ‘Employment and Self-Employment’ conducted in 2009-10, majority of the workers in Uttar Pradesh in rural areas at 76.3 per cent are in agriculture and allied activities. While in urban areas, majority of the workers are in ‘trade, hotels and restaurants’ at 29.5 per cent and also in ‘manufacturing’ at 25.5 per cent.
Population: 199.8 mn
Working age population:
111 mn
Labour Force: 67.9
mn
Work Force: 66.9 mn
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1.2.2. Migration
A major phenomenon in Uttar Pradesh is the migration of people to other states – looking for
opportunities. As of census 2001, the state has the highest number of migrants – about 4.1 million –
who went out of the state looking for opportunities. As compared to the 1991 census, this number has
shown an increase of about 69 per cent. Predominantly, this migration stemmed from the need to find
better income, standard of living and education opportunities.
The proximity of the national capital to several districts in the state has also aided to the cause. In fact,
from the district of Bulandshahr more than 64,000 people found their way to Delhi from 1991-20011.
The NCR thus acts as a magnet to attract people from the state. In the decade from 1991-2001 over 8
lakh people migrated from the state to the NCR.
Figure 2: Migration to Delhi – 1991-2001
District Migration numbers District Migration numbers
Aligarh 50,068 Gorakhpur 30,961
Azamgarh 33,381 Hardoi 10,803
Agra 28,970 Jaunpur 15,031
Allahabad 18,015 Jhansi 6,631
Bareilly 17,180 Kanpur 24,314
Bijnor 19,217 Lucknow 14,545
Budaun 25,412 Mahoba 5,880
Bulandshahr 64,373 Mainpuri 13,836
Baghpat 18,846 Mathura 18,131
Ballia 13,175 Meerut 44,274
Basti 16,241 Moradabad 21,362
Deoria 9,805 Muzaffarnagar 25,180
Etah 36,477 Pratapgarh 15,858
Etawah 22,177 Rae Bareli 12,800
Faizabad 18,135 Rampur 5,840
Farrukhabad 15,046 Saharanpur 8,993
Firozabad 8,699 Shahjahanpur 6,763
GB Nagar 8,020 Sultanpur 21,290
Ghazipur 8,690 Unnao 8,207
Ghaziabad 37,418 Varanasi 9,820
Gonda 15,187 Source: Report on Study of Magnet Areas to Delhi and NCR
1 Source: Report on Study of Magnet Areas to Delhi and NCR
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
19
1.2.3. Economy
Uttar Pradesh’s Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) at current prices for 2011-12 is estimated at Rs.
6.76 lakh crore, contributing to 8.2 per cent of India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The GSDP at
constant prices has increased at a CAGR of 6.9 per cent in the last five years (2006-07 to 2011-12) lower
than the GDP growth of India at 7.9 per cent.
Figure 3: GSDP of Uttar Pradesh, in ‘000 Rs. Crore
GSDP – Gross State Domestic Product; Numbers given at constant prices (base year: 2004-05).
Source: Central Statistical Organisation, Economic Survey 2012-13
The state economy is pre-dominantly service based, with service sector’s share in GSDP at close to 50
per cent in 2009-10. This is followed by secondary sector and primary sector.
Figure 4: Share of primary, secondary and tertiary sectors in Uttar Pradesh’s GSDP
Source: MoSPI, CSO, IMaCS analysis
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
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100,000
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400,000
450,000
19
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-07
20
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-08
20
08
-09
20
09
-10
20
10
-11
20
11
-12
GSDP (Rs. Crore) Per capita GSDP (Rs.)
PerCapita GSDPGSDP
GSDP CAGR: 7.5%
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
0
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2,000,000
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10
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11
-12
GDP (Rs. Crore) Per Capita GDP (Rs.)
PerCapita GDPGDP
GDP CAGR: 7.3%
47% 47% 48% 49% 50%
23% 24% 25% 24% 25%
30% 28% 27% 27% 25%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10Tertiary Secondary Primary
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
20
At a more granular level, we see that ‘Agriculture, forestry and fishing’ make the biggest contribution to
GSDP at 23.9 per cent, followed by ‘Financial intermediation, real estate, renting & business activities’ at
15 per cent and ‘Manufacturing and repairs’ at 14.6 per cent.
Figure 5: Sector wise composition on Uttar Pradesh’s GSDP, as of 2009-10 100% = 364 thousand crore
Others include forestry, electricity, gas & water supply, communications, railways, mining & quarrying and fishing.
1.2.4. Agriculture and allied activities
Agriculture and allied sector contributes to about 21 per cent of the GSDP, as of 2011-12. The strong
performance of this sector in the state and its importance to the national economy is well documented.
Of the total land area, over 69 per cent is net sown area and the majority of the population – 66 per cent
– is employed in the agriculture sphere. The confluence of several major rivers in the state – including
the Ganga, Yamuna, Ramganga, Gomti and Ghaghara – ensures fertility and thus sets the foundation for
a strong agriculture based economy. In fact, third of the wheat produced in India comes from UP and it
also accounts for the highest sugarcane production.
It is also the largest producer of food grains with a share of 19.9 per cent in the country’s total
production in 2008-09. The major food grains produced in the state include rice, wheat, maize, bajra
(millet), gram, pea and lentils. In 2009-10, mango production in state was around 3.5 million tonnes.
The agriculture snapshot of Uttar Pradesh reveals the production of several key crops.
1,774 1,848 1,800 1,872 1,978
1,071 1,210 1,345 1,521 1,722 866 954 1,090
1,183 1,318 814
802 991
998 990
1,033 1,123
1,233 1,373
1,342
141 151
171 181
187
1,478 1,364
1,950 1,928
1,913
87 99
111 111
200
1,206 1,226
1,250 1,314
1,140
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing
Mining & quarrying
Manufacturing and repairs
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Trade, hotels & restaurants
Transport, storage & communication
Finacial intermediation, real estate, renting & business activities
Public administration, defense and compulsory services
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
21
Table 2: Agriculture Snapshot
Parameters Value
Food Grain production‐ (FY2011) 47,243 (Thousand Tonnes)
State’s contribution to national food grain production (FY2011) 19.55%
State’s rank in national food grains production (FY2011) 1st
State’s contribution to national sugarcane production (FY2011) 35.5%
Yield food grains‐ (FY2010) 2260 (kg/hectare)
Rice Production (FY2011) 120,14 (Thousand Tonnes)
Wheat Production (FY2011) 30,001 (Thousand Tonnes)
Coarse Cereals(FY2011) 3,217 (Thousand Tonnes)
Pulses(FY2011) 2,012 (Thousand Tonnes)
Oil Seeds(FY2011) 911 ( Thousand Tonnes) Source: PHD Research Bureau – Report on Uttar Pradesh
The land utilization pattern in Uttar Pradesh reveals that 69 per cent is the net sown area.
Figure 6: Land Utilization pattern in Uttar Pradesh – 2008-09
Source: Statistical Abstract of Uttar Pradesh – 2010
The cropping intensity reflects a strong agricultural performance of the state across the key regions,
with Bareilli being the highest with a value of about 171. In fact, with the cropping intensity being over
100 shows that the regions all have multiple cropping cycles that translate to good land usage pattern.
Forest7%
Land under non-agricultural use
11%
Barren and uncultivable land
2%
Land under miscellaneous
tree,crops groves etc. not included in
net area sown2%
Cultivable waste land2%
Fallow land2%
Current fallow5%
Net sown area69%
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
22
Figure 7: Cropping intensity in Uttar Pradesh – 2008-09
Source: Statistical Abstract of Uttar Pradesh – 2010
The data on the productivity of the state when compared to other states that also have strong
agricultural base shows the high productivity of Uttar Pradesh.
Table 3: Productivity of key crops – a comparison
Qt/Ha Wheat Rice Sugarcane Potato Gram
Uttar Pradesh 30.02 21.71 523.26 219.7 10.14
Punjab 44.62 40.22 576.54 186.98 11.72
Tamil Nadu 26.83 1061.97 165.85 6.38
Madhya Pradesh 17.23 9.27 421.99 125.32 9.81
Haryana 43.9 27.26 570 176.98 10.41
Maharashtra 14.83 15.01 789.69 46.88 6.77
Andhra Pradesh 11.43 32.46 784.69 125 14.12 Source: Statistical Abstract of Uttar Pradesh – 2010
148.84
160.67
161.5
159.45
167.99
171.1
153.48
151.09
133.07
117.65
142.86
166.57
148.54
151.76
161.26
163.72
168.9
132.73
153.79
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Saharanpur
Moradabad
Meerut
Agra
Aligarh
Bareilli
Lucknow
Kanpur
Jhansi
Chitrakoot
Allahabad
Faizabad
Devipatan
Basti
Gorakhpur
Azamgarh
Varanasi
Vidhyanchal
Uttar Pradesh
Cropping intensity
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
23
As we see the data on productivity suggests the strength of Uttar Pradesh in Agriculture. It is the second
highest in terms of productivity of rice and wheat and the highest productivity in potato in the country.
The resultant ample potato production in particular presents with huge opportunities in the state within
potato processing.
Animal husbandry: As of 2009-10, the state had 2,200 veterinary hospitals, 5,043 artificial insemination
centres, 180 sheep and wool extension centres nine poultry breeding farms and eight pig breeding
farms to support the animal husbandry sub-sector. As an additional source of income animal husbandry
holds considerable potential.
Dairy: Uttar Pradesh has got good potential in the dairy sub-sector. Uttar Pradesh is the largest milk
producing state of India contributing 17 per cent of the total milk production of India. In the year 2010-
2011, the total milk production in the state was 21033.3 thousand kilograms per day. The dairy sub-
sector was catalyzed by a milk cooperative society in a village in Allahabad district set up in 1918 marked
the beginning of milk cooperatives in Uttar Pradesh. Successful efforts gave way to formation of
Lucknow Milk Union in 1938-the only Milk Union in the country -giving Uttar Pradesh the credit of being
a pioneer state in the country in this segment.
The UP government-owned Pradeshik Cooperative Development Dairy Federation Limited (PCDDF),
which processes milk and markets its products with the brand name Parag is set to establish a dairy
plant of 5 lakh litre daily capacity near Lucknow, to further boost the sub-sector. It has also been
included in the National Dairy Plan (NDP) of the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) – along with
the states of Punjab, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Maharashtra.
Horticulture: Uttar Pradesh is blessed with favourable climatic condition ideal for the growth of
horticultural crops. Major fruits grown in the district are Mango, Guava, Banana and Litchi. The state is a
leader in mango production with the key areas being Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Bijnore, Meerut,
Lucknow, Barabanki, Unnao, Sitapur and Hardoi. Overall productivity of fruits in Uttar Pradesh is about
12.30 tons / hectare when compared to the national average of 11.9 tons / hectare. The state is the
second largest producer of vegetables in the country with the major vegetables grown being potato,
peas and cabbage. The key spices grown in the district are turmeric, chilli, garlic, fennel and fenugreek
1.2.5. Industry
The industry sector has contributed 24 per cent to the state’s GSDP. The state is home to several
industrial giants like LG, Samsung, Xerox, Areva, Atlas Cycles, Eveready Industries amongst others. These
companies are located in Gautam Buddh Nagar and Ghaziabad.
Drawing the focus away from the industrial giants, the state of Uttar Pradesh’s industrial development
follows a unique pattern – with small units scattered across the state. Manufacturing contributes to
about 19 per cent to the state’s GSDP. The growth story of the state is organic by nature – with several
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
24
small scale units leading the way. The snapshot of the industrial activity in UP shows the key industry
sectors.
Figure 8: Uttar Pradesh industry snap shot
Source: ASI, IMaCS Analysis
We see that the maximum number of units exist in the food processing, glass, metal manufacturing and
textiles subsectors. With the exception of glass, all other sectors have been identified as being high
growth sectors.
The district-wise distribution of the manufacturing
clusters in Uttar Pradesh show case the wide
penetration of manufacturing across the state.
Source: Uttar Pradesh development report, Planning commission
Table 4: Industry distribution snapshot
Industry classification Districts
Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats Agra, Aligarh, Budaun, Kanpur Dehat, Jaunpur
Manufacture of dairy products Aligarh, Etah, Hathras, Mathura, Kaushambi,
Processing18%
Textiles7%
Apparel4%
Leather4%
Wood based2%
Paper4%
Publishing2%Chemicals
6%Rubber and plastic
7%
Glass11%
Iron and steel6%
Metal manufacture9%
Machinery7%
Electrical4% Electronics
1%
Medical1%
Motor vehicles
1%
Building and repair
1%
Furniture3%
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
25
Industry classification Districts
Lucknow, JP Nagar, Chandauli
Manufacture of grain mill product Hathras, Mainpuri, Kaushambi, Pratapgarh, Pilibhit, Shahjahanpur, Sant Kabir Nagar, Mahoba, Bhraich, Ambedkar Nagar, Maharajganj, Etawah, Hardoi, Sitapur, Ghazipur
Manufacture of prepared animal feeds Chanduali
Manufacture of sugar Azamgarh, Ballia, Mau, Bareilly, Pilibhit, Basti, Balrampur, Bharaich, Gonda, Barabanki, Faizabad, Deoria, Kushinagar, Maharajganj, Hardoi, Kheri, Sitapur, Baghpat, Meerut, Bijnor, JP Nagar, Moradabad, Muzaffarnagar, Saharanpur
Manufacture of other food products Etah, Firozabad
Preparation and spinning of textile fibre including weaving textiles
Mathura, Allahabad, Azamgarh, Ballia, Mau, Banda, Ambedkar Nagar, Rae Bareli, Bulandshahar, Ghaziabad, Ghazipur, Jaunpur, Mirzapur, Sant Ravidas Nagar, Bhadoi
Manufacture of carpets and rugs Sant Ravidas Nagar, Bhadoi
Manufacture of wearing apparel except of fur Kanpur Nagar, Gautam Buddha Nagar
Manufacture of footwear Agra, Pratapgarh
Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper board Bijnor
Publishing of news papers, journals and periodicals Varanasi
Manufacture of coke oven products Mirzapur, Sonbhadra
Manufacture of refined petroleum products Chitrakoot, Auraiya, Farrukhabad
Manufacture of fertilizers and nitrogen compounds Allahabad, Bareilly, Budaun, Sultanpur, Gorakhpur, Kanpur Nagar
Manufacture of soaps, detergents, perfumes and toilet preparations
Hamirpur, Jalaun, Kanpur Dehat
Manufacture of other chemical products Lalitpur
Manufacture of rubber tubes and tyres Meerut
Manufacture of plastic products Shahjahanpur, Gautam Buddha Nagar
Manufacture of glass and glass products Firozabad
Manufacture of cement, lime and plaster Jhansi
Manufacture of basic iron and steel Fatehpur, Hamirpur, Sultanpur, Jalaun, Unnao, Ghaziabad, Muzaffarnagar
Manufacture of basic precious and non-ferrous metals Aligarh
Casting of iron and steel Agra, Aligarh, Mathura, Fatehpur
Manufacture of other fabricated metal products Fatehpur
Manufacture of domestic appliances Varanasi
Manufacture of electric motors, generators and transformers
Rampur, Jhansi
Manufacture of insulated wires and cables Rae Bareli
Manufacture of electric lamps, and lighting equipment
Firozabad, Sultanpur
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
26
40,455
109,756
188,442
347,050
121,738
421,120
683,811
1,516,097
- 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000
Bundelkhand
Central region
Eastern region
Western region
Number of people employed Number of units
Industry classification Districts
Manufacture of television and radio transmitters and apparatus
Gautam Buddha Nagar, Ghaziabad
Manufacture of television and radio receivers and associated goods
Gautam Buddha Nagar
Manufacture of motor vehicles Gautam Buddha Nagar, Lucknow
Manufacture of motorcycles Gautam Buddha Nagar, Kanpur Nagar
Other manufacturing Moradabad Source: Planning Commission Report on Uttar Pradesh; IMaCS Analysis
SSI PROFILE
As stated above, the small scale industries dominate the industrial scenario in the state. As of 2010, the
state has set up about 6.7 lakh units, which has generated employment for about 27 lakh people and
has attracted investment of more than Rs. 12,000 crore.
Figure 9: SSI profile in Uttar Pradesh – 2010
We see that about 50% of the
number of SSI units as well as
manpower employed is in the
Western Region alone. This
primarily is a result of
concentration of manufacturing
units at Gautam Buddh Nagar,
Ghaziabad, Meerut,
Muzaffarnagar and Bulandshahr.
Source: Planning Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh
EXPORT AND INFRASTRUCTURE
The industrial scenario in the state is also lifted by the export activities. Several varied products like
carpets, leather, etc is exported from the state. The region-wise compilation of the key export items
again show cases the diversity in the products.
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
27
Table 5: Key export centres in Uttar Pradesh
Location Export Item/Major Crafts
NOIDA, Export Processing Zone(NEPZ)
Gems & Jewellery, Apparel, Electronics, Computer Hardware & Software, Leather.
Greater Noida, Noida, Gautam Buddh Nagar
Electronics, Computer Hardware & Software, Apparel, Engineering, Automobiles, Chemicals
Sahibabad, Loni, Pilkhua Ghaziabad
Chemicals, Engineering, Apparel, Textiles, Hand Printing, Herbal Medicines & Cosmetics, Stocks, bones buttons & Beads, art Jewellery, Carpentry
Khekra, Meerut Sports Goods, Textiles, Hand Printing - Block & Screen, Handloom
Saharanpur Wood Carving, Toys, Wooden Fancy Items, Furniture, Screens, Rice
Khurja, Bulandshahr Pottery, Pottery Painting, Ceramics, Ceramic Tiles, Bathroom Utilities, Bone China
Aligarh, Purdilnagar Locks, Builders Hardware, Art metal, Piled Durries, Glass & Ceramics Beads & Craft Items
Hathras Glass & Ceramics Beads, Piled Durries, Stone/Bead Studded Brass Lamps
Agra Silk Carpets, Handicrafts items, Embroided goods, jewellery, studded articles, Marble goods, Marble inlay, stone Art pieces leather shoes, chappals, bags
Firozabad Cut Glass, Glass items, Glass bangles, Scientific instruments
Moradabad Art Metal Ware, Art Jewellery, Bone Jewellery.
Rampur Applique Work
Bareilly Zardozi, embroidered articles, Rice.
Mathura Stone craft, Block Printing, Hand Printing, Ghungru, Miniature Printing
Nagina Bijnore Comb, bone Craft, Wood Carving
Almora Ganga Jamuni(Brass-Copper) utensils, handicrafts, Woollens ,Painting
Shahzahanpur Carpet
Kannuaj Attar, Perfumes, Rose Water, Sandal Wood oil based Perfumes
Farukkahabad Hand printed Cotton and silk bed spreads, Zardozi Work, Wooden block , Tarkeshi
Lucknow Miniature painting Chikan Zardozi, Floriculture, Ayurvedic/Herbal Medicine, Mango, Tobacco, Batik, Camel bone carving
Mainpuri Tobacco, Garlic products, Tarkashi work on wood
Muzaffarnagar Rice, Paper
Kanpur Leather, Leather shoes, Suitcases, Bags, Leather Garments, Software export, Chemicals, Engg. Automobiles.
Textiles, Handloom, Power loom, Essential oils and Perfumes. Pharmaceuticals, Spices
Unnao Leather and Leather goods.
Fatehpur Potato based products, Hand printing
Mahoba Betel leaves
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
28
Azamgarh Sarees, Silk, Dress Material, Black Pottery
Mau Handloom and Power loom Textiles
Jaunpur Hand-woven woollen carpet, hand needle work
Varanasi Woollen Handicraft, Fancy articles, Jamdani, Silk, Zari and Zardozi , Handicrafts, repoussi work, Brocade, Wooden Toys, meenakari
Mirzapur Woollen and cotton Durries, Hand-woven
Chandauli Rice
Udham Singh Nagar Rice
Gorakhpur Disposable syringe, terrecota
Tanda, Faizabad Jamdani
Sitapur Durries
Jhansi Brass work
Lalitpur Brass work
Banda Shajar Stone
Bahraich Cotton yarn
Gonda wooden block Source: Export Promotion Bureau, Government of Uttar Pradesh; IMaCS Analysis
The state has ramped-up significant infrastructure to boost the industry growth. Some of the illustrative
measures that the state has adopted for the same include2:
15 industrial areas, 12 specialized parks, four growth centres and Industrial Infrastructure
Development Centres (IIDC).
SEZs – about 21 identified as of August 2011
Development proposed for 40 IT/ITeS parks (apart from IT SEZs), two biotech zones and a
knowledge park.
Development of integrated agro/food processing zones at Hapur
Integrated logistics hubs (free-trade warehousing zones) have been proposed in collaboration
between IL&FS, Mineral and Mining Trading Corporation and Mitsui (Japan). The Greater Noida
Phase-II has 19 per cent land reserved for industrial use.
Some of the current infrastructure supports, area-wise in the state are:
Table 6: Industrial Parks in Uttar Pradesh
# Location Area (acres)
Growth centres Bijoili, Jhansi 385
Growth centres Shajahanour 311
Growth centres Dibiyapur 346
Growth centres Jainpur 357
Agro parks Barabanki 180
Agro parks Varanasi 261
2 Source: IBEF
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
29
# Location Area (acres)
Apparel parks Tronica city 145
Textile and hosiery parks Kanpur 174
Leather technology parks Banthar, Unnao 233
Export Promotion Industrial Parks Greater Noida 200
Export Promotion Industrial Parks Shastripuram, Agra 102 Source: Annual Plan 2008-09 (Planning Commission of Uttar Pradesh)
1.2.6. Services
The services sector in Uttar Pradesh contributes to about 50 per cent to the State’s GSDP. The biggest
contributor to services is ‘trade, hotels and restaurants’ followed by ‘real estate, ownership of business
dwelling, business and legal services’. These two together accounts for about 45 per cent of service
sector GSDP in Uttar Pradesh.
The services sector’s key highlights which has aided in good economic performance include:
Evolution as a key hub for IT and ITeS. This is centred on the Noida region – which has three
operational SEZs for the same
Travel, tourism and trade also drives the services segment – with the state attracting tourists for
the Kumbh Mela, Taj Mahal amongst other places.
BFSI also has made strides in the state with the state ranking first in terms of commercial
banking – with about 12,000 branches
The detailed break-up of the same is showcased in figure 16
Figure 10: Percentage share of services in service sector GSDP
Source: CSO, IMaCS Analysis
Railways3%
Transport by other means(includes
Storage) 10%
Communication4%
Trade,hotels and restaurants
24%
Banking & Insurance
12%
Real estate,ownership of
dwellings and business services
21%
Public administration
11%
Other services15%
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
30
1.3. Education and training profile
According to census 2011, literacy rate in the state stood at 69.72% as against 74.04% at national
level. The table below presents the key literacy indicators for the state.
Table 7: Key Literacy indicators, Uttar Pradesh
Literacy in 2011 Uttar Pradesh India
Overall Literacy 69.72% 74.04%
Male Literacy Rate 79.24% 82.14%
Female Literacy Rate 59.26% 65.46%
Rural Children (6 – 14) out of school 6.4% 3.3%
Source: Census 2011 & ASER 2012
Uttar Pradesh’ school education infrastructure consists of 1,47,376 primary schools, 53,281 upper
primary schools and 17,644 higher secondary schools as on 30th Sep, 20113. And for higher education4,
the state has around 2,361 degree colleges, 212 engineering institutes, 104 medical institutes, 128
teacher training institutes, 299 other colleges as on 30th Sep,2009. Also, the state has 163 polytechnic
institutes.
The State is also home to some of the premier institutions such Indian Institute of Technology (Kanpur
and Varanasi), Indian Institute of Management (Lucknow), National Institute of Technology (Allahabad),
Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology (Rae Bareli) and Indian Institute of Information
Technology (Allahabad).
Some of the other leading R&D institutes in the State are the Centre for Development of Advanced
Computing (C-DAC), Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), National Sugar Institute (NSI),
Government Textiles Institute (GTI), Central Drug Research Institute, National Botanical Research
Institute, Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIRP).
Table 8: School education infrastructure in Uttar Pradesh, as of 30th
Sep, 2011
Sl. No.
Category No. of schools Enrolment, in ‘000 No. of teachers, in
‘000
Pupil-Teacher Ratio
1 Primary 147,376 27,320 345 79
2 Upper Primary 53,281 9,805 143 69
3 Higher Secondary 17,644 11,722 227 51
4 Total Schools 218,301 48,847 715 68 Source: Statistical Abstract Uttar Pradesh 2011
3 Source: Statistical abstract Uttar Pradesh 2011
4 Source: Statistics of Higher & Technical Education, 2009 - 10
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
31
Table 9: Enrolments in Higher Education courses for Uttar Pradesh state, as of 30th
Sep, 2009
Type of Degree Courses Number of enrolled
students
Ph. D / M. Phil 8,226
Post Graduate Degree
Arts 174,287
Commerce 17,418
Science 43,553
Engineering / Technology / Architecture / Design 3,018
Medicine 2,027
Agriculture & Allied 2,085
Management / Travel / Tourism Management 17,707
Education / Teacher Training 753
Law 957
Others 1,264
Under Graduate Degree
Arts 1,334,090
Commerce 194,472
Science 280,848
Engineering / Technology / Architecture / Design 93,053
Medicine 9,724
Agriculture & Allied 20,237
Management / Travel / Tourism Management 411
Education / Teacher Training 72,280
Law 45,999
Others 4,833
Post School Diploma 41,383
Post Graduate Diploma 1,057 Source: Statistics of Higher & Technical Education, 2009 - 10
There are around 36 universities and University level institutes in the state. This includes four central
universities, 19 state universities, two private universities, eight deemed universities, one institution
established under state legislature act and two Institutes of National importance.
The state currently has about 328 polytechnic institutes offering diploma certificates in various streams.
In addition the state is also home to 1,590 Industrial Training Institutes (ITI) :- Table 10: Vocational Training Institutes in Uttar Pradesh
ITIs Polytechnics
Government 226 97
Private 1,364 231
Total 1,590 328
Source: Uttar Pradesh Skill Development Policy 2013
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
32
In addition to the above, the State has several training institutes for vocational training run by both
Government and private sectors. These institutes offer varied courses such as tailoring and cutting,
embroidery, computer operation, beauty culture, information technology, auto-CAD, electrical wireman
etc.
Private Sector supported Vocational training in the state:
There are some private training providers in the state offering vocational training courses. They are
mostly National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) partners and some are partners under various
skill development scheme or initiatives. An indicative list of NSDC’s private training providers in
highlighted in the below table:
Table 11: Indicative list of NSDC partner training providers in Uttar Pradesh state
S. No Name of the
Training Provider Sectors targeted for training No of centres
Indicative locations*
1 AISECT IT (Software & Hardware) 32 Allahabad, Firozabad
2 B-ABLE Retail Accounting
3 Amroha, Behat, Hapur
3 Centum Learning Organised Retail 8 Meerut, Noida
4 Drishtee Textiles 17 Salempur, Ladpur
5 GRAS Education & Training Services Pvt Ltd
Banking/ insurance and finance Electronics hardware Entrepreneurial Skills IT Organised Retail
18 Saharanpur, Varanasi
6 Laurus Edutech Accounting IT
1 Noida
7 NIIT YUVA JYOTI LIMITED
Banking/ insurance and finance ITES-BPO Organised Retail
6 Ghaziabad, Meerut
8 ASTM Security 1 Gautam Buddh Nagar
Source: National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC)
It can be observed that most of the training providers are offering courses related to IT, ITES and Retail
sectors and are generally located in district capital.
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
33
1.4. Skill development initiatives
Government of Uttar Pradesh in the process of putting in place an institutional structure for skill
development in the State up to the district level. It has set itself up a target of imparting training in
vocational skills to 45 lakh youth in the age group of 14 to 35 years in 12th five year plan period.
Figure 11: Skill development infrastructure set up by the State Government in Uttar Pradesh
Key features of the UP Skill Development Policy include:
Creation of a comprehensive and integrated mission (UPSSDM) to implement all skill
development initiatives
The mission will be a registered society with a governing council, state steering committee, state
executive committee, district executive committee
There will be professionally managed functional units SPMU and DPMU at state and district level
to implement the programs
7 different government schemes will be implemented by UPSSDM-
• Multi Sectoral Development Programme (MSDP),
• National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM),
• Building and Other Construction Workers’ (BOCW) welfare cess,
• Special Central Assistance (SCA) to Scheduled Castes Sub Plan (SCSP) ,
• Skill Development Initiative (SDI),
• Swarna Jayanti Shahri Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY) and
• Border Are Development Programme (BADP)
There will be State Skill Development fund to fill the gap
Standardization of all courses and training fees
UPSSDM will organize short duration trainings (minimum 2months or 240 hours)
Target group for training will be youths between the age group of 14-35 years preferably 8th
pass
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
34
No fees from trainees will be charged by UPSSDM except in SDI and SSDF which will be
refundable
Trainings will be linked to wage employment to the extent possible
Trainings will be provided by the training providers (TPs) both government and private
Private Training Providers (PTPS) will be engaged through a transparent bidding process
Database will be created of all candidates through a social mobilization campaign.
The criteria for batch formation would be
• Candidate’s choice
• training needs
• local industries needs
• TPs consultations
Payments will be in instalment and linked to performance , employment and retention
Web based real time on line monitoring system for transparency
Bio metric devices will be used for attendance
UPSSDM-State Program Management Unit
There shall be a state program management unit. The mission director shall be an IAS officer on
deputation to the mission. He shall be responsible for proper administration of the affairs and funds of
the Mission, and implementation of its’ various activities and programs in a Mission Mode under the
control, directions and guidance of the Chairman of the State Executive Committee. The SPMU shall be
managed by professionals and shall have following organizational structure
U.P. State Skill
Development Mission
Director
IT and MIS
-manager
-2 other officers
Training Partner
collaboration Manager
-Assistant Manager (2)
SDI Scheme Manager
-Assistant Manager (2)
Social Mobilization and
Counselling manager
-Assistant Manager (2)
Course design, certification
& Accreditation manager
-Assistant Manager (2)
General Manager, Finance and
Accounts
- Accounts Officer and one other
officer
General Manager, Personnel and
Administration
- Two officers under the GM
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
35
UPSSDM- District Program Management Unit
Each district shall have a district level program management unit. This unit will be responsible for
mobilization, registration, implementation, data collection, MIS, supervision, inspection and monitoring
of the programs.
District Coordinator (UPSSDM)
District Manager(Skills & Placement under NRLM
Career Counsellors (2)Office assistant cum Data
operator
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
36
1.5. Mapping of high growth sectors
Based on the entire diagnostic analysis above and our discussions with the key stakeholders in the district, we have identified sectors which will
be the development and employment growth engines in the State in the next ten years and will have skill training requirements. The training
requirements could be for the new manpower entering these sectors or up-skilling of the existing manpower in the sectors.
The sectors which have been identified for the districts are presented in the table below, while the detailed description of the district wise
opportunities is given in the respective district profiles only. In the following section, we have given brief overview of the some of the key high
growth sectors of Uttar Pradesh.
District Agriculture and
allied
Auto and Auto
component
BFSI
Building,
Construction
industry and Real
Estate
Chemicals &
Pharmaceuticals
Education and Skill
Development
Electronics
and IT hardw
are
Food Proces
sing
Healthcare
Services
IT & ITES
Organised
Retail
Textile
and Cloth
ing
Transportation,
Logistics, Warehousing and
Packaging
Tourism,
Travel, Hospitality & Trade
Unorganised
Other manufac
turing
Agra
Aligarh
Allahabad
Ambedkarnagar
Auraiya
Azamgarh
Baghpat
Bahraich
Ballia
Balrampur
Banda
Bara Banki
Bareilly
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
37
District Agriculture and
allied
Auto and Auto
component
BFSI
Building,
Construction
industry and Real
Estate
Chemicals &
Pharmaceuticals
Education and Skill
Development
Electronics
and IT hardw
are
Food Proces
sing
Healthcare
Services
IT & ITES
Organised
Retail
Textile
and Cloth
ing
Transportation,
Logistics, Warehousing and
Packaging
Tourism,
Travel, Hospitality & Trade
Unorganised
Other manufac
turing
Basti
Bijnor
Budaun
Bulandshahr
Chandauli
Chitrakoot
Deoria
Etah
Etawah
Faizabad
Farrukhabad
Fatehpur
Firozabad
Gautam Buddha Nagar
Ghaziabad
Ghazipur
Gonda
Gorakhpur
Hamirpur
Hardoi
Jalaun
Jaunpur
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
38
District Agriculture and
allied
Auto and Auto
component
BFSI
Building,
Construction
industry and Real
Estate
Chemicals &
Pharmaceuticals
Education and Skill
Development
Electronics
and IT hardw
are
Food Proces
sing
Healthcare
Services
IT & ITES
Organised
Retail
Textile
and Cloth
ing
Transportation,
Logistics, Warehousing and
Packaging
Tourism,
Travel, Hospitality & Trade
Unorganised
Other manufac
turing
Jhansi
Jyotiba Phule Nagar
Kannauj
Kanpur Dehat
Kanpur Nagar
Kanshiram Nagar
Kaushambi
Kheri
Kushinagar
Lalitpur
Lucknow
Mahamaya Nagar
Mahoba
Mahrajganj
Mainpuri
Mathura
Mau
Meerut
Mirzapur
Moradabad
Muzaffarnagar
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
39
District Agriculture and
allied
Auto and Auto
component
BFSI
Building,
Construction
industry and Real
Estate
Chemicals &
Pharmaceuticals
Education and Skill
Development
Electronics
and IT hardw
are
Food Proces
sing
Healthcare
Services
IT & ITES
Organised
Retail
Textile
and Cloth
ing
Transportation,
Logistics, Warehousing and
Packaging
Tourism,
Travel, Hospitality & Trade
Unorganised
Other manufac
turing
Pilibhit
Pratapgarh
Rae Bareli
Rampur
Saharanpur
Sant Kabir Nagar
Sant Ravidas Nagar
Shahjahanpur
Shrawasti
Siddharthnagar
Sitapur
Sonbhadra
Sultanpur
Unnao
Varanasi
Source: IMaCS Analysis; Note: Shades from red to green indicate low growth to high growth (red = lowest growth; green = highest growth, colours in between = medium growth).
Note: We have mapped only those sectors for each of the districts where new skills or skill up-gradation is required. Over and above these, there may be other sectors which will
lead high employment but might not require skill interventions.
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
40
1.5.1. Auto and auto components
Noida and Lucknow have emerged as two key hubs for automobile and auto component sectors. India
Yamaha Motors was one of the first entrants in Uttar Pradesh who set up their plant in Greater Noida in
1984. Tata Motors soon followed suit in 1992 and Honda Cars India set up their facility in 1997. Due to
presence of big MNC as well as Indian OEMs we have seen a lot of auto component companies which
have set up their bases in greater Noida and Lucknow belt to cater to the automobile companies.
Also, with respect to auto sales and service, the state has seen a huge rise in number of registered
motor vehicles on road leading huge potential for employment generation across the sales, spares and
services sub sectors
Total Registered Motor Vehicles in Uttar Pradesh (mn units)
The total number of registered vehicles in Uttar Pradesh has increased from 5.2 million units in 2002 to
13.3 million units in 2011. As of today about 1200 auto dealers exist in the state across all categories – 2-
wheelers, 4-wheelers and commercial vehicles. To service the large population of automotive vehicles,
the major OEMs – TATA Motors, Honda, Ford Motors, General Motors, Hyundai, Hero Motors, Mahindra
& Mahindra (including for tractors), Eicher Motors, Ashok Leyland etc. have established large network of
dealership, authorised service station and mobile service station creating significant employment
opportunities. Even premium car manufacturers like BMW, Audi, Mercedes, Skoda etc have setup their
sales and service stations, though it is currently restricted only to districts such as Gautam Buddh Nagar,
Lucknow etc.
1.5.2. Banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI)
The contribution of Banking, Financial Services and Insurance (BFSI) in Gross State Domestic Product
(GSDP) has increased from 4.0 per cent to 5.7 per cent between 2005-06 and 2009-10. The Compounded
Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of its contribution is 9.4 per cent which is second highest compared to the
CAGR of other components of GSDP.
5.25.9
6.57.3
8.0
9.19.8
10.8
12.0
13.3
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
41
As of March-2012, the state ranks first in terms of
number of offices of commercial banks. It had 12,121
offices of commercial banks and has a grown at a CAGR
of 4.5 percent between 2010 and 2012. The average
population per bank office in 2012 was 17,658.
The state has seven per cent share in total deposits and
four per cent share in total credits of India. But as of
2012, the credit to deposit ratio of UP was 44.04 per
cent which is much lower than the credit to deposit ratio
of Tamil Nadu which has the highest credit to deposit
ratio at 116.16 per cent. The sector employs 42,077
offices, 39,700 clerks and 19,710 sub ordinates5.
With the rising awareness in the public with the various schemes, the BFSI sector is poised for growth in
the state. However, some of the challenges the state faces are, specific to the BFSI sector are:
1.5.3. Building, construction and real estate
Building, construction and real estate is one of the major support activities in Uttar Pradesh,
contributing around six per cent to the state’s GSDP. The sectors growth in the region is also supported
by increasing urbanization in some of the regions. The growth can be equally attributed to the
mushrooming of commercial as well as residential constructions in the state.
The major residential markets in the state include Kanpur Nagar, Lucknow, Noida- Agra belt, and
Gorakhpur. In the residential space of tier II towns, the growth will be driven by demand for affordable
housing. The entry of new players into the state and capacity expansion of the existing industrial units
will drive the commercial construction sector. The real estate growth of Noida, however, will
additionally be driven by shifting of commercial and residential establishments from Delhi.
The growth in infrastructure will be driven by its presence in the Mumbai Delhi Kolkata Industrial
corridor. Some of the infrastructure projects in the region are Northern Peripheral Expressway project,
Housing projects under Madhuban-Bapudham residential scheme, Ganga expressway, Upper Ganga
canal, International airport at Kushinagar, 3x660 MW Dopaha Thermal Power Project, Metro rail in
Lucknow etc.
Out of the total plan outlay of around Rs 69,200 crore for 2013-14, the Government is aiming at utilizing
20 per cent of infrastructure towards economic infrastructure and 12 per cent towards housing and
urban development. Some of the measures taken by the Government to thrust the sector further
include:
5 Source: Reserve Bank of India
4.0%4.5% 4.7%
5.3%5.7%
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
42
The Government also provides 100 percent stamp duty concessions given to private sector
infrastructure development projects excluding PPP projects
75 per cent concession on stamp duty to new units on purchase of land from government
agencies and 50 per cent in case of private sources
Reimbursement of Interest on loan taken by industrial units for developing infrastructure
facilities for self-use, such as road, sewer, water drainage at the rate of 5 percentage points with
a ceiling of Rs. 100 lakh per annum for a maximum period of 5 years
The major drivers for growth of the segment include:
o Second highest urban population in the country
o High levels of migration towards the select regions
o High disposable income and buying power
o Greater institutional support towards real estate financing
o Presence in the Industrial corridor connecting the major markets
1.5.4. Food processing
Uttar Pradesh’s excellence in the food processing segment is driven by a strong raw material base. It has
the largest cropped area in the country at around 25 million hectares. It is also the largest player in
potato, livestock, and milk and one of the top 10 players in other fruits and vegetables. The food
processing units in the district include fruits processing (mango, guava, aonla), vegetable processing
(Tomato, potato, peas, okhra), dairy processing (Buffalo milk), grain processing (Rice, Dal, Wheat), meat,
poultry and fisheries sectors.
A majority of the units in the state are small and medium scale enterprises. The processing units will be
in the vicinity of the place of production (For eg: the rice mill clusters in Muzzafarnagar, Kanpur dehat,
and Saharanpur, Tomato processing in Sonebhadra, Sugarcance mills in Eastern Uttar Pradesh) or
located at places with superior infrastructure and greater connectivity to the target markets (For eg:
Masala products, dairy and vegetable oil in Kanpur region). The dairy processing units are spread across
the state and are majorly for buffalo milk processing.
Government provides infrastructure support as well as policy support for the growth of the food
processing segment in the state. Towards improving the competitiveness of the food processing
products, the government has setup an Integrated dairy park in Lucknow and Agro parks in Barabanki,
Gorakhpur, Saharanpur, and Varanasi. The policy support includes
Stamp duty exemption on land for setting up food processing units
Mandi fee exemption for export oriented units
One time grant towards quality certification for units
Capital investment subsidy under National food processing mission
o 25% for upgradation/ modernization
o 50% for cold chain infrastructure
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
43
The major factors driving the growth of the sector include
Availability of raw material – One of the largest producers in most of the product segment
Closeness to the major consumption markets of NCR and Kolkata
Historical presence in the region
Availability of cheap labour
Untapped potential for food processing (less than 2 per cent of F&V is commercially processed)
1.5.5. Handloom and Handicraft
The state offers a wide range of handloom products, viz. home furnishings, heavy dress materials,
chenille cotton carpets, bedspreads, terry towels, linen, Chikan work, etc. ‘Banaras Brocades and Sarees’
have earned the right of Geographical Indication (GI). As per the GI rights, only six districts of U.P., viz.
Varanasi, Mirzapur, Chandauli, Bhadohi, Jaunpur and Azamgarh can only use the brand name of
‘Banaras Brocades and Sarees’. As per the handloom census of 2009-10, the state has 1.1 lakh handloom
units which is 4 per cent of total number of handloom units, 2.57 lakh handloom weavers and allied
workers which is 6 per cent of total number of handloom weavers and allied workers and 0.8 lakh
handlooms which is 3.4 per cent of total number of handlooms6. Major handloom production centres in
Uttar Pradesh is shown below.
Table 12 : Major handloom production centres in Uttar Pradesh
Centres Products
Amroha Picnic durries
Azamgarh Kharri printing
Agra Durries, bed sheets, furnishings, heavy dress materials, chenille cotton carpets
Etawah Bedspreads, sheetings, dress materials, mixed fabrics
Farrukhabad Cotton prints, bed sheets, dress materials, durries, cotton carpets, mixed fabrics
Fatehpur Sikri Heavy cotton fabrics, dress materials, durries, chenille cotton carpets, mixed fabrics
Ghaziabad Jacquard furnishings, bedspreads, terry towels, linen and home furnishings
Gorakhpur Terry towels, towelling, furnishings, dress materials
Hathras Chenille rugs, cotton carpets and fabrics
Lucknow Chikan work
Maunath Bhanjan Cotton bed spreads, sarees, dress materials, mixed fabrics
Tanda Figured muslin fabrics, jamdanis, cotton dress materials, mixed fabrics
Varanasi Saris, mixed fabrics, cut-work items, dress materials, furnishings, stoles, scarves, gauze and leno fabrics, brocades
Source: Development report of Uttar Pradesh by Planning Commission
The factors which will continue to drive the growth of the segment in Uttar Pradesh are:
Presence of traditional skill
Demand of the goods in the market
6 Source: Planning commission of India
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
44
Strong tourist inflow, which can be used to project the goods
Available labour pool
Historical presence in the region
1.5.6. Leather Goods
The state account for bulk of the output of leather and leather goods produced in India. The major
production centres are Kanpur, Agra, Unnao and Noida. The city of Kanpur is also known as leather city.
Major Leather products manufactured in the state include footwear, garments, belts, bags and saddler
products. Majority of these products in the state are manufactured from buffalo leather. Uttar Pradesh
is the second largest producer of footwear in the country after Tamil Nadu. Although all types of leather
products are manufactured across these regions, Agra is a prominent player in the footwear segment;
Kanpur in saddler products; while Noida is emerging as a major player in leather garments and footwear.
Prominent leather shoe brands of the region include are Red Tape, Red Chief, Allen Cooper, Mardigrass,
Zara, Topshop, Metro, and Kickers
Uttar Pradesh comprises of almost 28 per cent7 of the national exports of leather and leather products
with an estimated export of Rs 5300 crore. Footwear covers the majority of the exports (~45 percent)
followed by leather goods (20-25 percent), finished leather (15-20 percent), leather garments (15- 20
percent) and saddler & harness (<5 percent).
A leather technology park had been developed over an area of 233 acre at Banthar in Unnao to establish
tanneries and leather goods units. As per the Assistance to States for Developing Export Infrastructure
(ASIDE) Scheme of the Government of India, following initiatives are being taken to develop the
industry:
Testing laboratory at Kanpur Unnao Leather cluster- Project Cost Rs.1111.91 Lakh
Multi Skill Development Centre at Kanpur Unnao Leather Cluster - Project Cost Rs.1062.09
Lakh
The factors which will continue to drive the growth of the segment in Uttar Pradesh are:
Large raw material base (livestocks)
Historical presence in the region
Strong availability of labour
Presence of modernized tanning and manufacturing units especially in medium and large scale
units
Presence of support industries like leather chemicals
Educational infrastructure like Footwear Design & Development Institute, Noida
7 Source: CII-KPMG Study : Invest North 2013 – Uttar Pradesh State Profile
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
45
1.5.7. Textile and clothing
Uttar Pradesh is a major player in the textile segment with strong presence in both knitting and weaving
product segments. The major textile centres are Varanasi (Silk), Kanpur (Hosiery) and Noida (Woven
garments).
Additionally, Meerut, Farrukhabad, Mau, Bahraich and Azamgarh are also major production centres.
Mirzapur and Sant Ravi das nagar (Bhadohi) districts are the major segments in the country for hand
knotted carpets.
The hand knotted carpets segment in the Mirzapur and Bhadohi regions has a combined annual
turnover of more than Rs 2000 crore. The annual turnover of the Noida Garments industry is estimated
to be around Rs 3500 crore with majority contribution from the Ladies’ and Kids’ wear segments.
UP is also the third largest player in the Hosiery segment (with a market share of 20 percent) after Tamil
Nadu (Tiruppur) and West Bengal (Kolkata). UP continues to have a strong presence in the traditional
handloom sector. The state accounts for around 5.6 per cent of the total handloom weaving units in the
country. According to estimates, the annual textile export from the state is estimated to be around Rs
4,000 crore.
The Government has initiated many steps towards improving the infrastructure support to the apparel
segments which include UPSIDC’s Apparel Parks at Ghaziabad and Hosiery Park at Kanpur. These centres
have textile training centres, fashion designing centres, Quality control laboratories and workshop cum
tool room (at ALT training college and Apparel Training and Design centres) facilities. The sector is also
supported by the presence of domain specific training institutions/ courses which includes UP textile
technology institute (Kanpur), Blitz Institute of Creative Arts (Varanasi) etc. The institutions in the state
provide wide variety of training ranging from designing to manufacturing.
The major factors driving the growth of the sector include:
Strong connectivity to the domestic consumption and national sourcing/ procurement hub of
Delhi NCR region
Availability of raw material
Historical presence in the region
Availability of labour
1.5.8. Organized retail
In terms of absolute numbers, Uttar Pradesh has the second largest urban population at 35 million after
Maharashtra (41 million). The high number of urban population led to the growth of organized retail in
the state. Organized retail’s presence has been in the following regions: Noida, Ghaziabad, Kanpur,
Lucknow, Allahabad and Varanasi. The state has the presence of almost all the major retailers in the
country including Big Bazaar, Shopper’s stop, Lifestyle and Pantaloon retail. The current estimated mall
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
46
space across the 6 mentioned districts is about 15 million square feet. This is expected to grow to about
121 million square feet b y 2022.
Noida has traditionally been a hub for organized retail in the country with the presence of all the major
players across product segments. However, the rest of the aforementioned cities have seen a surge in
the organized retail players in the last decade. The product segments include food retail, Entertainment,
Textile and consumer durables.
The attrition rates have been high in Noida due to high competition while it’s lower in the tier II cities.
The major drivers for growth of the segment include:
High urban population especially the youth population
High disposable income
Changing consumer preference (with respect to products, shopping, quality perception etc)
The increased focus of retailers on tier II towns
High preference for jobs
1.5.9. Tourism, travel and hospitality
Uttar Pradesh has numerous tourist attractions ranging from ancient temples, ancient forts and
monuments, forests and wildlife, pilgrimage centres, and a rich tradition of festivals, art and culture. The
state ranks first in terms of the number of domestic tourists and has a share of 18.3 per cent (15.54
crore) of the total number of domestic tourists in 2011.
In terms of the number of foreign tourist visits the state ranks fourth and has a share of 9.7 per cent
(18.87 lakh) of the total number of foreign tourists in 20118.
Some of the prominent tourist destinations in the state are Agra, Allahabad, Ayodhya, Ahicchatra,
Bithoor, Chitrakoot, Deogarh, Dudhwa National Park, Fatehpur Sikri, Gorakhpur, Jhansi, Kalinjar, Kanpur,
Kapilvastu, Kushinagar, Lucknow, Mahoba, Meerut, Sarnath, Sravasti, Varanasi and Vrindavan.
As per Ministry of Tourism, in 2010 the state had 240 classified hotels and 5,924 rooms. In addition, the
state has 14 recognised inbound tour operators, 15 travel agents, four tourist transport operators and
one domestic tour operator9.
The major drivers for growth of the segment include:
Important pilgrimage sites for different faiths
Presence of one of the seven wonders of the world – Taj Mahal
Increasing domestic tourism industry driven by higher disposable income, better
connectivity and evolving lifestyle
Continued demand for international tourism especially to Agra and Varanasi (Kumbh Mela in
particular)
8 Source: Ministry of tourism
9 Source: Ministry of tourism
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
47
1.5.10. IT/ITeS
The IT and ITeS sector has gained considerable fillip in the state due to its large population base of youth
who want to be a part of the sector.
The state government of Uttar Pradesh has been taking various initiatives in order to use Information
Technology as a vehicle of growth. The role of IT in economic development and inclusive growth is being
recognised as a key to improving the quality of life for the people of UP.
The development of roadway connectivity between the states of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh has aided
in making the northern region of the country into a major IT hub. Around 30 IT/ITeS SEZs have been
approved by the government in the Delhi-NCR region.
Major trends impacting the human resource requirement in the industry include:
Transformation from IT Services to include IT Consulting
Expected increase in share of projects involving migration
Continuous demand for skilled workforce
Increasing demand for infrastructure management Services
The government is in the process of establishing skill development centres on a Public Private
Partnership model in and around Lucknow and Agra. These centres are being established in
collaboration with the industry as well as educational institutions and Industry associations. Initiatives
are also being taken in order to establish a Knowledge Centre Program and to promote tie ups between
institutes and the industry.
The demand drivers of the sector include the following:
Continuous growth in global spending in the IT services sector
High expected growth in markets beyond the United States and Europe
High rates of domestic GDP growth and increased spending into the sector locally
Cost competitiveness of the nation
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
48
1.6. Clusters in Uttar Pradesh
As a key strategy for enhancing the productivity and competitiveness of MSMEs, GoI has announced
scheme for development of potential clusters in March, 2006. As a part of this initiative, it has promoted
many clusters in Uttar Pradesh. District wise list of clusters is given in the table below.
Clusters can greatly assist in the success and development of individual MSME units by providing
economies of scale, reduced transaction costs, information spill over, development of market place,
adequate supply of raw materials at stable prices, skill development, technical know-how and access to
latest technologies, thereby improving the competitiveness of these units. The new Industrial Policy
2013 of Uttar Pradesh has special incentive packages for the development of clusters.
Table 13: Industrial cluster distribution in Uttar Pradesh
District Location Product
Agra Agra Foundry
Agra Agra Leather footwear
Agra Agra Mechanical Engineering Equipment
Aligarh Aligarh Brass and Gunmetal statues
Aligarh Aligarh Locks
Aligarh Aligarh Building hardware
Allahabad Mau Power loom
Allahabad Mau Aima Leather products
Banda Banda Power loom
Bulandshahr Khurja Ceramics
Firozabad Firozabad Glass Products
GB Nagar Noida Electronic goods
GB Nagar Noida Toys
GB Nagar Noida Chemicals
GB Nagar Noida Electrical engineering equipment
GB Nagar Noida Garments
GB Nagar Noida Mechanical Engineering Equipment
GB Nagar Noida Plastic products
Ghaziabad Ghaziabad Chemicals
Ghaziabad Ghaziabad Mechanical Engineering Equipment
Ghaziabad Ghaziabad Packaging material
Gorakhpur Gorakhpur Power loom
Hathras Hathras Sheet work
Jhansi Jhansi Power loom
Kannauj Kannauj Perfumery and essential oils
Kanpur Kanpur Saddler
Kanpur Kanpur Cotton hosiery
Kanpur Kanpur Leather products
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
49
District Location Product
Meerut Meerut Sports goods
Meerut Meerut Scissors
Moradabad Moradabad Brassware
Muzaffarnagar Muzaffarnagar Rice mills
Saharanpur Saharanpur Rice mills
Saharanpur Saharanpur Woodwork
Varanasi Varanasi Sheet work
Varanasi Varanasi Power loom
Varanasi Varanasi Agricultural implements
Varanasi Varanasi Electric fan Source: UNIDO
This apart, there are more than 400 artisan clusters in Uttar Pradesh. The development of such clusters
in the form of offering market linkages and training in marketing, production management and
designing will be key to the existence and livelihood of the artisan clusters. Some of the key clusters in
the State are:-
1. Zari Zardori
2. Carpets and Durries
3. Textiles (Handloom)
4. Woodwork
5. Lac ware
6. Ceramics and Pottery
7. Wood work
8. Brass work
9. Hand Embroidery
10. Cane ware
(Details of artisan clusters to follow in annexures)
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
50
1.7. Skill gaps
Based on our discussions with key stakeholders in all districts, we have identified skill gaps across all
high growth sectors. The district specific skill gaps are mentioned in the respective district profiles. In
this section, we are presenting a broad summary of skill gaps across sectors, which are faced more or
less across all districts. This section focuses mainly on qualitative skill gaps. The quantitative skill gaps
(demand – supply gap) are mentioned in the next section on ‘employment potential’.
Table 14: Key skill gaps – by sector
Sector Key skill gaps in Uttar Pradesh
Auto and auto components Manufacturing roles: Shortage of skill is experienced in the operator and supervisor levels in the manufacturing units. In adequate availability of skilled technicians especially
mechanics, electricians etc especially for tier II companies Inadequate technical knowledge about the equipments and
processes Inadequate awareness of modern production techniques like
lean production, Just In Time, etc. Inadequate awareness of safety and quality standards Lack of people skills at the supervisor levels Lack of discipline in work (not taking ownership) Casual in work, absenteeism, unwillingness to work, etc. are
observed Service roles: The majority of the skill gap is experienced in the sales/ customer support roles, and mechanics Inadequate understanding of company’s products as well as
the automotive industry. Hence not able to respond to customers queries
Inadequate work ethics Limited ability to diagnose the actual problem Tendency to
rely on judgements than on specific instruments / tools
Banking, financial services and insurance
Poor knowledge of banking operations and banking products Poor communication skills In adequate knowledge on Banking law and practice Inadequate understanding of the insurance products Poor communication skills Inadequate work ethics
Building, construction and real estate
Key skill gaps and shortage of quality workers are observed at the minimally skilled and semi-skilled levels
Inadequate skill sets available for bar bending, masonry, shuttering, façade building, carpentry etc.
Inadequate project management skills and/or insufficient ability to manage multiple contractor
Inadequate orientation to develop and adhere to safety norms at construction site.
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
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Sector Key skill gaps in Uttar Pradesh
Lack of focus on quality coupled with low expertise leading to substandard constructions
Inadequate work ethics Casual in work, absenteeism, unwillingness to work, etc. are
observed Inadequate job expertise The project manager may not always know the local language
creating barrier of communication. Lack of basic knowledge of handling machines (for example:
crane operators) used in construction
Food processing Inadequate understanding on quality and safety procedures to be followed
Inadequate awareness of processing standards and quality control aspects leading to increased wastage
Inadequate training in specific machinery or technology in the educational institutions
Inability to follow supervisors’ instruction consistently by workers
Casual in work, absenteeism, unwillingness to work, etc. are observed
Inadequate ability to work in multiple departments of the factory as required
Handloom & Handicrafts Poor knowledge of repair and maintenance of the handlooms and power looms
Inadequate understanding of the current design trends in the market.
Lack of proper client management and marketing skills. Inadequate business handling skills including production
management, inventory management etc.
IT / ITES Low employability level observed in graduates / diploma holders hired from educational institutions. Thus, most of them have to be re-trained on the job
Inadequate communication skills especially English speaking skills
Lack of understanding of information security and privacy issues
Inadequate knowledge of corporate practices and internal processes
Inadequate domain knowledge – Technical as well as client business
Lack of understanding for delivering complex situations Lack of client management skills
Leather Goods Lack of exposure to new technology / advance fully automatic machines and processes due to the absence of adequate number of educational institutions (except FDDI)
Lack of adequately skilled personnel for cutting and stitching,
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
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Sector Key skill gaps in Uttar Pradesh
which constitutes 70 per cent of the workforce Lack of awareness of quality and health & safety standards Inadequate ability to multitask between different types of
machines Inability to meet the operational standards due to lack of
trained operators, leading to wastages
Organised retail There is abundance of youth wanting to work in the sector. However, most of them are untrained and have to be trained on the job on all the skill sets required
Inadequate knowledge of software related to transaction processing at the transaction/bill processor level
Inadequate product specific knowledge. Inadequate awareness about customer preferences at the
store manager level Inadequate communication skills and interpersonal skills
especially while dealing with people of different linguistic Attrition rates and absenteeism is observed to be very high
especially at the shop floor
Textiles and clothing Inadequate understanding of the current fashion trends in the market especially at the designer levels
Lack of people skills at the supervisor levels Lack of knowledge of the latest machineries Inadequate understanding of operations Lack of co-ordination with the buyer leading to wastages Inadequate understanding of safety and quality standards
Transport, Storage and Communication
Lack of knowledge of best warehousing practices Inadequate knowledge about material handling equipments
such as stackers, hydraulic or hand pallet trucks, forklift trucks, jib cranes, etc.
Inadequate adoption of IT enabled technology towards operations
Inadequate communication skills Inadequate practical as well as theoretical knowledge of the
major packaging processes Lack of awareness of health & safety standards especially in
the packaging process Inadequate knowledge of hygiene, safety and first aid Lack of knowledge of tax regimes, permit rules etc. Inadequate exposure to handle increasing tonnage and higher
capacity trucks
Tourism, travel and hospitality Travel and tourism Inadequate knowledge of English speaking Inadequate soft skills and communication skills Shortage of good quality trained guides Inadequate knowledge of local attractions and tour planning Hospitality
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
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Sector Key skill gaps in Uttar Pradesh
Shortage of managerial staff in most districts. Insufficient understanding of hotel offerings Insufficient knowledge on client etiquette except for in bigger
cities Inadequate customer relationship management
Source: IMaCS Analysis
1.8. Employment potential
Based on the entire diagnostic analysis above and our discussions with the key stakeholders in the
districts, we have identified sectors which will be the development and employment growth engines in
the State in the next ten years and will have skill training requirements. We have forecasted both the
incremental demand and supply side of human resources from 2012 to 2022. We have mainly
forecasted the numbers for 19 high growth sectors identified by NSDC. In addition, we have identified
‘other manufacturing’, as a prominent sector for Uttar Pradesh which includes manufacturing of basic
metals, fabricated metal products, and other transport equipment like ships, boats, railway locomotives
etc.
1.8.1. Demand side numbers
Based on our forecasts, we estimate that between 2012 and 2022, an incremental demand (cumulative
for 10 years) for 1.1 crore persons will be generated in the State of Uttar Pradesh. Maximum demand
will be generated from sectors such as ‘building, construction and real estate’, ‘organised retail’, and
‘banking, financial services and insurance’.
District wise demand numbers are available in the respective district profiles.
Table 15: Incremental demand in Uttar Pradesh, 2012 to 2022
Sectors 2012-17 2018-22 2012-22
Building, Construction industry and Real Estate 1,441,424 1,679,592 3,121,016
Unorganised @ 547,697 782,084 1,329,781
Transportation, Logistics, Warehousing and Packaging 418,145 494,945 913,090
Education and Skill Development 360,553 522,156 882,709
Healthcare Services 361,561 467,073 828,634
BFSI 295,054 476,431 771,485
IT & ITES 257,448 490,498 747,946
Tourism, Travel, Hospitality & Trade 278,698 421,816 700,514
Organised Retail 104,904 334,451 439,355
Textile and Clothing 149,260 192,174 341,434
Food Processing 82,948 121,205 204,153
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
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Sectors 2012-17 2018-22 2012-22
Agriculture and allied 93,388 93,625 187,013
Other manufacturing* 60,105 91,434 151,539
Media and Entertainment 65,792 82,574 148,366
Auto and Auto component 44,747 69,331 114,078
Other Sectors^ 65,035 80,223 145,258
Total 4,626,761 6,399,610 11,026,371
Source: IMaCS Analysis; * Other manufacturing includes manufacturing of basic metals, fabricated metal products and other transport equipment (building of ships and boats, manufacture of railway locomotives and rolling stock, manufacture of air and spacecraft and related machinery, manufacture of military fighting vehicles etc.) ^ Other sectors include chemicals & pharmaceuticals, furniture and furnishings, electronics and IT hardware, legal services and leather and leather products’. These do not have significant employment generation, but have scope for up-skilling. @ In unorganized sector, we have included domestic workers, handloom and handicrafts, facility management, security guards and beauticians. Note: Current employment numbers for different sectors sourced from sources such as ASI, NSSO, CSO, Census 2001 and 2011, RBI, IRDA, MHRD, Department of Education, etc. Wherever numbers were not available from Government sources, we relied on industry interactions and our own analysis.
In the next ten years, maximum demand is expected to be for skilled workers at 37 per cent of the total
incremental demand. This is expected to be followed by semi-skilled workers at 35 per cent, and
minimally skilled workers at 28 per cent. Figure 12: Skill wise incremental demand in Uttar Pradesh – 2012 to 2022
-20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Unorganised@
Other sectors^
Transportation, Logistics
Tourism, Travel, Hospitality
Organised Retail
Media and Entertainment
Healthcare Services
Education & Skill Development
BFSI
Other manufacturing*
Textile and Clothing
Food Processing
Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals
Building / Construction
Auto and Auto component
Agriculture and allied
Minimally Skilled Semi-skilled Skilled
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
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Source: IMaCS Analysis; * Other manufacturing includes manufacturing of basic metals, fabricated metal products and other
transport equipment (building of ships and boats, manufacture of railway locomotives and rolling stock, manufacture of air and
spacecraft and related machinery, manufacture of military fighting vehicles etc.)
^ Other sectors include furniture and furnishings, electronics and IT hardware, and leather and leather products’. These do not
have significant employment generation, but have scope for up-skilling.
@ In unorganized sector, we have included domestic workers, handloom and handicrafts, facility management, security guards
and beauticians.
The incremental demand for minimally skilled workers is concentrated in sectors such as building and
construction, followed by the unorganised sector. Demand for semi-skilled workers is concentrated in
sectors such as Transportation and Logistics, BFSI, building and construction and IT / ITES as well as in
unorganised sector. Demand for skilled workers is expected to be driven by sectors such as healthcare,
education and skill development, and BFSI.
Table 16: Skill wise incremental demand in Uttar Pradesh, 2012 to 2022
Incremental Demand 2012-17 2017-2022
Sectors Total Skilled Semi-Skilled
Minimally skilled
Total Skilled Semi-Skilled
Minimally skilled
Primary Sector
Agriculture & allied activities 93,388 45,395 50,651 (2,658) 93,625 45,510 50,780 (2,665)
Total (I) 93,388 45,395 50,651 (2,658) 93,625 45,510 50,780 (2,665)
Secondary Sector
Auto and Auto component 44,747 15,008 23,957 5,782 69,331 23,253 37,119 8,959
Building, Construction industry and Real Estate
1,441,424 366,111 366,111 709,202 1,679,592 426,604 426,604 826,384
Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals 7,255 4,363 2,912 (20) 8,311 4,998 3,336 (23)
Electronics and IT hardware 26,756 14,716 12,917 (877) 34,924 19,208 16,860 (1,144)
Food Processing 82,948 22,829 26,977 33,142 121,205 33,358 39,419 48,428
Furniture and Furnishings 1,622 375 602 645 2,310 534 857 919
Leather & leather products 18,242 5,279 6,738 6,225 22,842 6,610 8,438 7,794
Textile and Clothing 149,260 27,234 57,086 64,940 192,174 35,064 73,499 83,611
Other manufacturing 60,105 7,355 21,391 31,359 91,434 11,188 32,541 47,705
Total (II) 1,832,361 463,270 518,692 850,399 2,222,121 560,817 638,672 1,022,632
Tertiary Sector
BFSI 295,054 138,146 147,527 9,381 476,431 223,068 238,215 15,148
Education and Skill Development 360,553 360,553 - - 522,156 522,156 - -
Healthcare Services 361,561 289,249 54,234 18,078 467,073 373,658 70,061 23,354
IT & ITES 257,448 128,724 115,852 12,872 490,498 245,249 220,724 24,525
Media and Entertainment 65,792 17,105 27,303 21,384 82,574 21,468 34,267 26,839
Organised Retail 104,904 36,716 21,991 46,197 334,451 117,058 70,111 147,282
Transportation, Logistics, 418,145 121,323 205,252 91,570 494,945 143,606 242,951 108,388
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
56
Warehousing and Packaging
Tourism, Travel, Hospitality & Trade
278,698 96,049 125,414 57,235 421,816 145,372 189,817 86,627
Unorganised 547,697 94,361 203,900 249,436 782,084 134,742 291,159 356,183
Others 11,160 3,900 3,460 3,800 11,836 4,143 3,669 4,024
Total (III) 2,701,012 1,286,126 904,933 509,953 4,083,864 1,930,520 1,360,974 792,370
Grand Total (I+II+III) 4,626,761 1,794,791 1,474,276 1,357,694 6,399,610 2,536,847 2,050,426 1,812,337
Total Incremental Demand 11,026,371
Source: IMaCS Analysis; * Other manufacturing includes manufacturing of basic metals, fabricated metal products and other transport equipment (building of ships and boats, manufacture of railway locomotives and rolling stock, manufacture of air and spacecraft and related machinery, manufacture of military fighting vehicles etc.) ^ Other sectors include furniture and furnishings, electronics and IT hardware, and leather and leather products’. These do not have significant employment generation, but have scope for up-skilling. @ In unorganized sector, we have included domestic workers, handloom and handicrafts, facility management, security guards and beauticians.
1.8.2. Supply side numbers
As of 2011, Uttar Pradesh has a total population of 199.8 million persons. Of this, labour force is
estimated at 67.9 million persons. Each year, people from different educational institutions join the
workforce at different skill levels. We have estimated that between 2012 and 2022 (cumulative /
incremental), about 14.09 million persons will join labour force and will be available in the job markets
looking for jobs. This has been estimated based on the labour force participation rate obtained from
NSSO 55th, 61st and 66th rounds and based on the trend which arising out of the same.
Table 17: Incremental supply in Uttar Pradesh, 2012 to 2022
Year 2012 2017 2022
Population 203,526,356 223,231,544 244,983,277
Working Age Population 113,134,743 124,088,319 136,179,513
Projected Labour Force 69,177,579 75,875,273 83,268,577
Projected Work Force 68,151,988 74,750,384 82,034,079
Incremental Manpower Supply 2012-2022
14,090,998
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
57
Figure 13: Projected workforce of Uttar Pradesh - 2022
Source: Census 2001, Census 2011, NSSO 66
th Round
Availability of working age population (age group of 15-59) is estimated to grow from 113 million in
2012 to 136 million by 2022. In the period 2012-22, it estimated that incremental manpower supply will
be about 14.09. Incremental manpower supply can be further classified into skilled, semiskilled and
unskilled as per education qualifications and estimated output of educational and vocational training
institutes in the district. Supply of local labour force is split across different skill levels as: 34.9 per cent
at minimally skilled, 49.3 per cent at semi-skilled and 15.7 per cent at skilled.
Table 18: Incremental supply by skill level in Uttar Pradesh, 2012 to 2022
Skill levels Incremental supply, 2012-22
Minimally Skilled 4,921,835
Semi Skilled 6,953,287
Highly Skilled 2,215,875
Total 14,090,998
Source: IMaCS Analysis,
Population: 244.9 mn
Working age population: 136.2 mn
Labour Force: 93.3 mn
Work Force:
82 mn
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
58
1.8.3. Demand-supply gap
Skill wise incremental demand and supply in Uttar Pradesh – 2012 to 2022
Source : IMaCS Analysis
During the period 2012-22, we find that the excess supply of manpower in semi skilled and minimally
skilled levels but there is a huge shortage of labour in skilled category. One key factor to note is that the
deficit / surplus we see here are purely quantitative in nature. Qualitative skill gaps and the demand for
labour actually highlight the need for up-skilling and re-skilling within these categories. Though there is
excess supply at semi skilled and minimally skilled level it does not imply the skill requirements of the
industry are getting met. It only implies that there is sufficient man power available but to match the
skill requirement of the industry they will have to be re-skilled and up-skilled.
Most of the manpower is required for sectors such as agriculture, small scale manufacturing units,
construction and unorganised where mostly minimally skilled workers only are employed. While the
minimally skilled category may be one where people are of 10th pass or below, they require specific
industry related training (vocational training) to be made employable.
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
59
1.9. Youth aspirations
As a part of the study, we held youth group discussions across the State to understand the youth
aspirations and to capture whether they are in line with the high growth sectors in the State. The same
has been captured in the Figure below. The figure shows that sectors such as IT / ITES, organized retail
and Media & Entertainment are the high demand sectors based on the youth aspirations. However, for
sectors such as building and construction, transportation etc where job growth potential is high, youth
have very low aspirations to work in.
Some of the other preferred sectors by youth are BFSI, healthcare, hospitality and food processing,
where the job prospects too are moderate.
Figure 14: Youth aspirations – mismatch between industry demand and aspirations of the youth
While the detailed youth group discussions have been presented in the respective district profiles, we
have captured some of the common these in the figure below.
Low Youth aspiration for sectoral employment High
Low
Incr
em
en
tal M
anp
ow
er
req
uir
ed
Hig
h
Building, & Construction,
Transportation,
Unorganised
BFSI,
Healthcare Services,
Education and Skill Development
Tourism, Travel, Hospitality & Trade
Food processing
Auto & Auto Components
Electronics & IT Hardware
Leather & Leather Products
Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals
Organised Retail,
Media & Entertainment
Agriculture & Allied
Textile
Other Manufacturing
IT / ITeS
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
60
Figure 15: Youth aspirations – common themes across districts
Key points on youth aspirations across districts:
Entrepreneurial zeal: Most students are not interested in becoming entrepreneurs and start their
own business or practice. This is primarily because of aversion to taking risk as well as lack of
adequate knowledge of the things needed to start of business on their own. The students thus felt
that optional courses on entrepreneurship should also be promoted in the training institutes to help
those interested in understanding its nuances and how to go about it.
Satisfaction with existing education infrastructure: The preference has been towards government
educational institutions especially for ITIs due to the low fee structure, superior infrastructure and
high preference among employers. However, except for a few government institutions, a majority of
the institutions have inadequate training infrastructure, inadequate resources (building, hostels,
Preferred Sectors
• IT / ITeS
• Organised Retail
• Media & Entertainment
Preferred Skills
• Computer & IT skills
• English Language and Soft Skills
Preferred Job Opportuniies
• First preference is for Govt Jobs
• Prefer white collar
• Would prefer staying un-employed than join jobs at low salaries
Barriers to Skill
Development
• The institutes are located at far away locations with bad connectivity
• Lack of quality trainers
• Lack proper machinery / training infrastructure
Youth
Aspirations –
Common
themes across
districts
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
61
space, funds, faculty, tools & equipment), erratic electricity supply, and lack of sophisticated
machinery.
Preferred Skills / Additional Training: Most preferred courses in the ITI are Fitter, Electrician,
Machinist, Electronics Mechanic , Stenography and Computer Operator and Programming Assistant
(COPA). The students feel that basic knowledge of computers and training in soft skills is highly
critical for getting a good job and being successful in their career. Special emphasis is required for
training in English Language
Preferred Job Opportunities: Students prefer white-collar jobs as compared to blue collar and
manual jobs. In fact, the students prefer to remain unemployed rather than joining jobs with lower
salaries. The students have a preference towards government jobs as against private sector ones
due to better job security and compensation.
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
62
1.10. Recommendations
Uttar Pradesh is the most populous State in India. This presents it with a huge demographic advantage
and also a huge challenge in training and up-skilling of the manpower within the state. There are certain
key Opportunities and challenges which are very relevant to the state which must first be recognised
first:-
Thus in order to come up with an action plan which capitalise on its opportunities and work on removing
the challenges to the state’s growth through skill development, the recommendations should focus on
the addressing the above
.
• Huge demographic advantage-
16% of India’s population in the
state. 56% of population in
working age.
• Strong base of agriculture. High
crop yield and production – also
the major employment provider in
the state.
• Well endowed with tourism spots
and locations – historical, religious
and natural.
• Major hub of IT/ITes
• Huge scope for infrastructural
growth
• Key state for handicraft clusters
• The State has setup a skill
development authority to promote
vocational skilling
Opportunities
Challenges
• The state has about 34 districts
which have been classified
amongst the 250 most backward
districts
• Industrial / manufacturing growth
is primarily centered around
Kanpur, Lucknow, Gautam Buddh
Nagar, Ghaziabad, Meerut etc only
• Lack of sufficient trainers
• Migration of manpower due to
lack of sufficient local jobs
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
63
Skilling in the state essentially will focus on two parts :-
Figure 16: Focus of skilling
To address the above challenges, all the stakeholders – State Government, industry, training providers
and NSDC need to work in conjunction to ensure that the skill gap issues are addressed
comprehensively.
1.10.1. Government
Presently, the responsibility of education and skill development in Uttar Pradesh lies with the following
Departments: Directorate of Primary Education, Directorate of Higher Education (DirHE), Directorate of
Technical Education (DTE), and Directorate of Vocational Education &Training (DVET). In addition, there
are skill development programmes organised at the other Department levels as well, including District
Industries Centre, Department of Tourism, Department of Agriculture, District Rural Development
Agency etc. As discussed earlier in the report, the State Government has also set up its Skill
Development Mission for skill development and up-gradation. The mission though is still in its formative
stages.
The detailed sector wise and district wise recommendations are presented in the district reports for
each of the 75 districts in Uttar Pradesh. In this section, we are only presenting the broad themes which
are required.
Skilling focusSkilling of the
new entrants to the workforce
Up-skilling of existing
workforce for higher order skills
Skilling of new entrants to the
workforce: For this, the existing
educational institutions need to be
up-graded and new institutions
also need to be created across
various sectors.
Up-skilling of workforce for
higher order skills : Modern and
sophisticated skills need to be
provided to the workforce to
make each of the focus sectors
more competitive in Uttar
Pradesh.
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
64
Figure 17: Broad framework of recommendations for the Government
Broad recommendations for Government
Based on our primary survey, we have found that following steps, if taken, will address the skill gap
issues of many sectors:
1. Strong district level skill development units to be implemented: The State Skill Development
Mission through the office of its Director is in the process of setting up an architecture /
institutional mechanism in order to promote skill development in the state and to integrate
various schemes of skill development from both the State and Central Governments. This
involves setting up of Management units both at the State and District level. While the State
units will offer a single window planning and clearance process, the implementation and
monitoring of the projects can happen only through the district level management units. It is
therefore very important to ensure that the district level management units are built strong. The
mechanism in which the same can be achieved includes:-
a. District level committees have currently been proposed to be setup under the
chairmanship of District Collectors or District Magistrates. The district executive
committee includes other key officers of the district such as Project Director (NRLM),
District Employment Officer, Assistant labour commissioner, Principal of Nodal ITI &
Polytechnic, District minority welfare & social welfare officers, GM-DIC etc. apart from
the District Manager of the Skill Development Mission whose office shall be separate
from the rest. In order to ensure proper implementation of the programs, the District
Employment Officer himself can be made as the District Manager for the Skill
Development initiatives as his office offers the right connect to both industry as well as
students / job seekers. The district unit can thus be set within the offices of the
Strong district level skill development
units to be implemented
Create a Labour Market Information
System
Impetus to Trainning of Trainers
Encourage Entrepreneurial
programs
Focus on clusters
Specific training for migrant workforce
Inclusion of Vocational training in schools (K12 system)
Focus on high growth and emerging Sectors
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
65
Employment Office under a separate skill development cell. This will also ensure faster
implementation of the program across all districts.
b. The targets as set by the skill development mission at the state level must be broken
across all districts as well as sectors. These targets will incentivize the district level units
to push for skill development at the local / district level in turn contributing to the
overall State numbers. A time based review of the performance across all districts will
also aide the Skill Development Mission to take corrective action wherever necessary.
c. If needed, each district unit should be further strengthened by taluka level officers who
will have the responsibility of skill development at the taluka level and will report to the
District level Officer with regards to the progress of numbers achieved.
d. To supplement skill development mission role, we propose creation of sector skill
council coordination committee encompassing the following activities.
i. Coordination with Sector Skills Councils and NSDC at National level.
ii. Determining skills/competency standards and qualifications.
iii. Standardization of affiliation and accreditation process of VTP in line with sector
skill council.
iv. Participation in affiliation, accreditation, examination and certification.
v. Plan and execute Training of Trainers.
vi. Promotion of academies of excellence.
vii. Establishment of a well structured sector specific Labour Market Information
System (LMIS) to assist planning and delivery of training.
2. Create a Labour Market Information System: In order to fully understand the skill gaps within
the existing manpower and thus to identify the skilling areas, the need is to setup a Labour
Market Information System (LMIS) for the state of Uttar Pradesh. However the system requires
detailed understanding of data requirement, data collection process, and reliability. At present,
the current data collection system requires process reengineering at taluka, district and state to
ensure reliability and timely availability of data for decision makers. Typical data requirement
for LMIS creation is outlined below:-
Data Requirements for Creating an LMIS
Demand Side data
Supply Side Data
Occupational and qualification structures
of economic sectors (organised and, if
possible, unorganised economies) at the
national and state levels;
Occupational and qualification structures
Number of youth in different age groups;
o Enrolments in general education,
progression and graduation rates;
o Graduations from the primary and
secondary school and dropouts and
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
66
of economic sectors (organised and, if
possible, unorganised economies) at the
national and state and district levels;
Occupational data on the annual demand
for semi-skilled, skilled and high-skilled
workers, and technicians for overseas
employment (i.e.: labour outflow);
Annual local demand for skilled and semi-
skilled workers and technicians due to:
o Demographic replacement needs
(due to sickness, death, retirements,
etc.);
o Labour turnover when exiting skilled
workers are changing their
occupational profiles through skills
retraining to accept different jobs;
Average demand for skilled and educated
workforce for the new jobs created
annually (emerging from new investments,
company registrations, etc.) in both the
organised and unorganised economies;
Other data used to forecast the demand
for skills in different economic sectors.
their shares enrolled in further
education including TVET and skills
training establishments (public and
private institutions including NGOs, ITIs,
polytechnics, etc.);
TVET and skills training providers (public
and private institutions, schools, NGOs and
others) including their numbers, location,
average annual enrolments and graduates,
types and duration of courses trade-wise,
and learning outcome-wise;
Formal apprentices enrolments and
graduations per year, trade-wise;
Employability of the recent graduates from
different programmes, occupational
qualification-and trade-wise;
Annual supply of skilled and educated
workforce due to massive retrenchments,
company closures, etc., trade-wise;
Annual arrival of the skilled and educated
workforce returning from overseas, trade-
wise.
Rates of unemployment and
underemployment of the educated and
trained persons, trade-wise where it exists;
Source: ILO – IMaCS report : Review of the Sources and Availability of Skill Development Data in India
Once the State and District Level Management Units are put in place, the Skill Development
Mission must also look to creating a LMIS system for the state which will become a repository of
information on industries, job seekers as well as training / educational institutions. The system
once setup can assist and support in promotion of skill development initiatives within the state
as:-
a. Assess the skill levels of the work force as well those looking for a job
b. Map the various sectors / industries operational within the State along with job roles
and competencies required.
c. Provide real time skill gaps across sectors as well as job roles.
d. Aide in identifying key areas where training programs need to be implemented – both
for new skilling as up-skilling of existing manpower.
e. Provide the industry with a ready database of available job-seekers to choose from.
f. Help the students in understanding the sectors where jobs are available and the skill
sets required to get placed with the organization within the sector.
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
67
g. Provide the training providers and educational institutions with real time data on where
jobs are available and what competency, skill sets for which training is needed to be
imparted.
3. Increase focus on Training of Trainers: One of key factors affecting the process of skill
development in the state currently is the lack of availability of trainers. Currently the state has
about 16 University Departments of Education and runs B.Ed. courses in both regular as well as
distance education mode. Inspite of this, both at the School and College educational system, the
pupil teacher ratio remains at 80:1 which is considerably lower than the recommended norm for
teacher pupil ration (35:1 for school education and 15:1 for higher education). The demand side
projections for the period 2012 to 2022 envisages demand of 8.83 lakh teachers and trainers for
schools, colleges and other educational institutes. Also, based on the feedback received from
vocational training providers we see that the situation is the same within the vocational skill
development space. Training organization currently have to pay salaries equivalent to the
corresponding sectors / industries in order to attract experienced professionals from their
regular jobs into becoming a trainer. Based on the targets set by the Skill Development Mission
of training 44 lakh people through various schemes in the next four years, there would be a
need for atleast 60,000 to 80,000 trainers in the vocational training space. Thus the immediate
need within the state is to create sufficient infrastructure or training programs to create a pool
of quality trainers within the market. This can be achieved through:-
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
68
a. Setting up of specific teacher training nodal institute: Setup nodal institute along the
lines of National Institute for Technical Teachers Training and Research (NITTTR) as has
been setup in Bhopal and Trichy.
b. Train of trainer in line with National Occupational Standards. On priority, the Govt may
consider nominating ITI trainers under this programme in consultation with respective
sector skill council
c. Incentivise the senior and experienced staff to become trainers: The State Government
should look at various means by which to incentivize the senior and experienced
personnel from the industry who are about to retire or have already retired to join the
educational system as teachers. Once trained, these people can be the master trainers
through whom further pool of trainers can be created (who may have lesser industry
experience).
d. Set norms for Vocational Training Providers for conducting ToT: The Skill Development
Mission can also look at making ToT mandatory for the VTPs registered with the mission
under various schemes. Setting targets for the VTPs to conduct a certain number of
minimum Training of Trainers also will ensure availability of a steady flow of trainers in
the market.
e. Marketing Strategies: The Skill Development Mission should also consider promotion
and marketing strategies in order to attract more people to become trainers.
4. Encourage Entrepreneurial programs: 34 of the 75 districts of Uttar Pradesh are classified
amongst the (250) most backward districts in the country:-
Backward districts of Uttar Pradesh
Chitrakoot Balrampur Maharajganj Mainpuri Pratapgarh
Shravasti Kaushambi Basti Etah Kushinagar
Sant Kabir Nagar Sant Ravi Das Nagar Kannauj Farrukhabad Ballia
Mahoba Siddharthnagar Chandauli Mirzapur Fatehpur
Hamirpur Etawah Ambedkar Nagar Mau Mahamaya Nagar
Lalitpur Banda Ramabai Nagar Jalaun Auraiyya Kanshiram Nagar Deoria Bahraich
The industrial growth too is concentrated around certain cluster of districts such as Gautam
Buddh Nagar, Ghaziabad, Lucknow, Kanpur (Nagar as well as Dehat), Meerut, Allahabad etc.
Thus, in order to further boost the economy and growth of the state from across all districts, the
need is to promote further entrepreneurship especially across all backward districts. Also, we
see that the participation of women in the workforce (as per census 2001) is only 25% implying a
huge need to target women within the field of entrepreneurship. The implementation of such
courses can be facilitated through the District Rural Development offices as well as through the
lead bank in every district which run courses under Rural Self Employment Training Institutes
(RSETIs) along with lead banks. Key areas to focus on include:
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
69
a. Servicing of Two wheelers, tractors
b. Driver (Light Motor Vehicle)
c. Mobile phone repair
d. Dress and Apparel designing.
e. Tourist Guides, Tour Operators, Drivers etc
f. Photography and Videography
g. Computer Desktop Publishing
Specific women based programs which can be focused on include:-
a. Dairy Farming, Poultry, Sheep rearing, bee keeping etc.
b. Beautician
c. Apparel and dress making and design.
d. Food processing – Basic courses in processing of fruits and vegetables
5. Focus on Clusters: There are more than 500 clusters in the state, both recognized and natural
ones included. Most of these clusters are artisan based in trades which have been carried over
through generations within their families. These clusters face various challenges today in terms
of
a. market linkages,
b. lack of adequate modern technology for production, testing
c. Lack of skills in sales, marketing, production management etc.
Also, they lack the requisite capital to get themselves trained. Thus in order to incentivize them,
the need from the State Government is to empanel a cluster development committee within the
Skill Development Mission who can work with the Directorate of Clusters at the state level to
implement specific market linkages to each of the clusters with help of financial institutions and
leading retailers (based on their product categories). The model is already under
implementation through NSDC funded partner in Karnataka. This model in turn will benefit the
artisans in the cluster monetarily and can then focus subsequently on skill development. For the
purpose of training, the State Government may also look at setting up common training centres
for a group of a product cluster which will provide skilling in:-
d. Modern designs
e. Production techniques
f. Sales and Marketing
g. Inventory management
h. Soft skills etc.
6. Specific training for migrant workforce: As of census 2001, the state has the highest number of
migrants – about 4.1 million – who went out of the state looking for opportunities. As compared
to the 1991 census, this number has shown an increase of about 69 per cent. About 3.1% of the
total population migrates out of the state every year (Net Out Migration) as per the NSSO 64th
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
70
round. It is well known that Uttar Pradesh is a major exporter of manpower especially to states
such as Delhi (NCR) and Maharashtra which have seen tremendous growth over the last few
year. Primary surveys conducted in Maharashtra and Karnataka have revealed that a large
percentage of the workforce employed in construction is one that has migrated out of Uttar
Pradesh. The migration is primarily a result of low demand of manpower within the state forcing
people to look for alternatives outside the state. Thus the State Skill Development Mission could
also look at training the people within those trades / sectors which will help them get gainful
employment outside the state and make them competitive when compared to migrant labour
force from other states. These training centres / programs should be setup in the Eastern UP
division which sees the maximum of the out migration from the state. Some of the key to focus
on include:-
a. Construction
b. Organised Retail
c. Transportation (drivers)
d. Unorganised sector (domestic workers, housekeeping, security guards)
A small percentage of the migratory workforce also moves to other countries. A substantial
portion of this is the migration towards middle-east countries like Saudi Arabia, Oman, UAE,
Kuwait, Bahrain etc. These are essentially skilled workers in the trades such as:-
a. Electrician,
b. Plumber,
c. Mechanic,
d. Fitter etc
7. Inclusion of Vocational training in schools (K12 system): The State sees a huge drop out of
students before the completion of secondary and higher secondary education. Based on the
indicators provided in the statistical abstract of Uttar Pradesh we see that about 24% of the
students drop out by the time they reach 10th Standard. About 9 lakh students drop out
between 10th and 12th every year and on an average only half of the students who pass out of
12th Standard get into higher education (drop out of about 8 lakh students). Those who drop out
join the workforce mostly in the unorganised sector to start with as they do not posses any skills
relevant to any job role. In order to address this, the State Government should consider
inclusion of Vocational trades at the 9th to 12th standard levels so that the students may acquire
necessary skills to become job-ready. The trades which can be focused on include:-
a. Carpenting
b. Basic electrician course
c. Desktop publishing
d. Specific computing skills – Microsoft Office, Tally etc.
As part of this initiative, the Govt may consider certification of students under the National
Qualification Framework
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71
8. Focus on high growth and emerging Sectors: There exist certain sectors which are not viable
from the perspective of private training providers but are still critical to the growth and
livelihood of the people employed in that sector. the social impact of training and up-skilling
within such sectors is huge and hence it becomes necessary to incentivize the private training
providers further to provide training in the said sectors or the Government itself would have to
step in to build the necessary educational infrastructure. Some of the sectors where incentives
need to be provided are as follows:
Table 19: High growth sectors where Government incentives are required for private training
Sectors Districts
Agriculture & allied All districts
Building & construction All districts
Handlooms and Handicrafts All districts
Food processing Mainly for small scale food processing in rural districts
Healthcare (mainly for Para-medics and nurses)
All districts
Leather and Leather Products Kanpur, Unnao and Gautam Buddh Nagar
Unorganised sector (domestic workers, beauty culture, security guards, facility management)
All districts
The list is indicative. For details, please refer to the district profiles.
Also, we see that certain trades of importance which are not currently implemented or needs upgradation
in ITIs in Uttar Pradesh in order to meet the incumbent demand of labour are:-
Sectors Trades Automotive Denting, Painting, CO2 Welding
Engineering Plasma Welding, CNC operations and programming, CAD/CAM
Electronics LCD, LED, Plasma TV repair, Mobilie Service Repair, E-Waste Management, Airconditioner repair
Food Processing Cold Storage Operations
Construction High Pressure Welding, Floor and Roof Masonry, Green Building Requirement, Crane Operations
Pluming Pipe laying and fitting for public utilities, residential, commercial and industrial building
IT Infrastructure management, installation, troubleshooting, repair and servicing, Office IT system maintenance, testing etc.
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
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1.10.2. Private training providers
Uttar Pradesh presents many opportunities for private training providers. The State Government has
instituted a Skill Development Mission with the objective to promote skill development in the State in a
big way. Also, in 2012, vocational courses/training providers have been included in the negative list of
service tax to provide greater benefit. This further acts as an incentive for private training providers.
Detailed sector wise and course wise opportunities available in the districts for training providers are
mentioned in the district profiles. Here, we are presenting broad contours of the same.
Figure 18: Broad contours of recommendations for private training providers
1. Leverage on Standard Training Assessment and Reward (STAR) and other state schemes:
Announced by the Finance Minister in his last budget speech, the National Skill Certification and
Monetary Reward Scheme is expected to benefit about a million trainees in its first year. The
scheme is branded as STAR and allows subsidisation of training fee for the student / vocational
training provider. The scheme is currently being implemented through 9 Sector Skill Councils:-
a. Automotive
b. BFSI,
c. Leather,
d. Security,
e. Health,
f. Telecom,
Leverage on STAR and other state schemes
Create an adequate trainer pool
Adequate placement linkages within and
outside state
Technology enabled training model
Soft skills and English Language training
Collaboration with Government,
Industry and NSDCFocus Sectors
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
73
g. Gems and Jewellery,
h. Rubber and
i. Retail
Also, the State Skill Development mission is looking to integrate various old and new schemes in
vocational training under a single window in order to simplify the process for vocational training
providers. These schemes offer refund of fees to the VTP provided the training and placement
related parameters are met. Thus in order to start with all private vocational training providers
must look to capitalise on the schemes available which will in turn help in reducing the fee
charged from the candidates and improve mobilisation in this space.
2. Create an adequate trainer pool: The state suffers from an acute shortage of trainers. This is
seen from the poor pupil teacher ratio in the schools and colleges (ratio of 80) as well as from
interactions with the VTPs already working within the State. Thus for all vocational training
providers, it is of prime importance to create a pool of trainers as they setup training centres
across various districts in the state. The VTPs can also look at courses in the Training of Trainers
(ToT) space.
3. Adequate placement linkages within and outside state: Through the experience of various
vocational training providers from across the country we see that students are willing to
undergo a vocational course only if it is linked to some form of a placement guarantee. Hence
placement linkages and past placement records of the training provider are major factors for the
student to decide if he or she would like to undergo the particular training. With respect to
Uttar Pradesh, considering the lack of local job opportunities, it is crucial for the training
provider to also have placement linkages with corporates outside the state in regions such as
Delhi (NCR), Mumbai, Kolkata etc so that students who are willing to migrate post training can
get placed too.
4. Technology enabled training model: Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India and also
the fourth largest state in geographical terms with a spread of 75 districts. While the availability
of large young populace presents the training providers with a great opportunity, the delivery of
the training across the various districts in the light of challenges such as lack of availability of
trainers becomes difficult. Thus a technology based approach like virtual classrooms through a
internet broadband will help the training providers reach a critical mass with minimum
resources. This also has a major cost advantage which can be passed on to the students in the
form of lower fee. The key sectors where such training can be implemented include:-
a. IT & ITeS,
b. BFSI,
c. Organised retail
d. Education & Skill Development,
e. Tourism and Hospitality etc.
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74
5. Soft skills and English Language training: From the Youth Group discussions conducted as well
as from industry interactions, we see that this remains a major cause for concern. Thus, all
training providers need to introduce English Language Training and soft skills as a compulsory
subject in their course curriculum. This holds true for all types of courses and all districts.
However, some of the sectors where these skills are a must are:
a. Auto & auto components
b. BFSI
c. Education & skill development
d. Food processing (in large organized units)
e. Healthcare services
f. IT & ITES
g. Organised retail, and
h. Tourism and hospitality
6. Collaboration with Government, Industry and NSDC: For successful implementation of training
programs, the VTPS must look to coordinate with various key stakeholders :-
a. Government: Collaboration with government through participation in various schemes
put forward by the Skill Development Mission as well as provide feedback on the
training effectiveness and challenges faced during implementation in order to help the
Mission perform better and achieve its targets.
b. Industry: The private VTPs should look to collaborate with the Industry in order to
achieve the following:-
i. Placement linkage
ii. Develop and update trades or courses which are industry and job relevant
iii. Partner to fund for training programs through a hire and train model or by
charging a placement fee
c. NSDC: The need to collaborate with NSDC for working with various SSCs across the
sectors in which training is implemented.
7. Focus Sectors: An indicative sample list of courses along with districts where they need to be
implemented is given in the table below. However, note that the list is not exhaustive and is
only a representative sample of what is provided in the individual district profiles. For details,
please refer to the respective district profiles.
Table 20: Indicative list of training programs for private training providers
Sectors Courses Focus districts
Building & construction
Project management, safety management, labour laws, plumbing, painting, welding, wireman, electrician, masonry, carpentry, bar bending, surveying, geology, hydrology, hydraulics, electrical etc.
All districts
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Sectors Courses Focus districts
Unorganised sector (domestic workers, beauty culture, security guards, facility management, handlooms and Handicrafts)
Beautician, security management, video camera based security management, handloom and power loom machine operation and maintenance, specific handicraft related courses.
All districts with focus on identified cluster areas for handicrafts and handlooms
Transportation, Logistics, Warehousing and Packaging
Driving and maintenance of commercial vehicles, road taxes across various geographies, road safety norms, first aid, material handling, cold storage management, documentation in logistics and warehousing, routing and fleet optimisation, inventory optimisation, 3PL, 4PL and 5PL management etc.
Lucknow, Kanpur, Ghaziabad, Allahabad , Agra, Gorakhpur, Varanasi, Jhansi, Saharanpur, Gautam Buddh Nagar, Meerut , Moradabad and Bareilly
Healthcare Services Critical care nursing, lab technician, medical equipment maintenance, laboratory operations, analysis and equipments related,
All districts
BFSI Training on banking and insurance products, personality development training with specific focus on communication skills for sales, basic training for computer operations, financial management and business operations as well as banking softwares
All districts
IT & ITES Basic programming skills, training on specialized technology platforms, effective communication skills and software testing, BPO voice processing assistant,
Gautam Buddh Nagar, Lucknow and Ghaziabad
Tourism, Travel, Hospitality & Trade
Tourist guide, route and time optimisation across tourist spots, front desk management, cookery, housekeeping, kitchen and restaurant management, customer management, soft skills, English language training,
Allahabad , Faizabad, Mathura, Varanasi, Agra, Chitrakoot, Lucknow, Gorakhpur, Jhansi, Kushinagar, Barabanki, Sant Kabir Nagar, Kheri, Shravasti and Kaushambi
Organised Retail Communication skills, customer management, counter management, inventory management, merchandising, product specific knowledge etc.
Gautam Buddh Nagar, Ghaziabad, Lucknow, Kanpur, Allahabad and Varanasi
Textile and Clothing Use of design software (such as Ned graphics, jacqCAD master etc.), sampling the colour effects, higher order skills like jardosi, appliqué and akoba, stitching, finishing, sampling, pattern making, etc.
Gautam Buddha Nagar, Meerut, Fatehpur, Rampur, Ghaziabad, Gorakhpur, Aligarh, Sant Ravidas Nagar (Bhadohi) and Kanpur
Food Processing Oil extraction (mainly soyabean), Boiler Budaun, Shahjahanpur,
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
76
Sectors Courses Focus districts
attendant (used in mills), Sortex machine operators (for rice mills), Milling machine operation, Product diversification (such as rice bran oil), Preservation and processing of fruits and vegetables into jams, fruit squashes, pickles etc., Dairy technology and micro biologists etc.
Saharanpur, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Bareilly, Ghaziabad, Mathura, Meerut, Sitapur, Moradabad, Aligarh, Bijnore, Bulandshahr, Varanasi, Kanpur, Barabanki, Rampur, Etawah, Gorakhpur, Unnao, Firozabad and Agra
Auto and Auto component
Sales and marketing related, auto servicing, CNC machine operator, assembly fitter etc.
Manufacturing : Gautam Buddh Nagar, Lucknow, Ghaziabad and Meerut. Auto Servicing and sales : All districts
Leather & leather products
Training on various stitching techniques according to FIDIC standards, mixing of various types of chemicals / dyes, packaging and finishing, inventory management, quality control etc.
Kanpur, Unnao and Gautam Buddh Nagar
Source: IMaCS analysis
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1.10.3. Industry
Based on the stakeholders’ discussions, we found out that industry’s biggest concern pertaining to skill
development is the lack of job-ready people. A big percentage of the people passing out from the
educational institutions are considered unemployable. Therefore, several large companies have started
in house training initiatives, but the same is restricted to management cadre only in most cases. The
same, though, is unviable for smaller companies and they believe in the model of ‘on-the-job’ learning.
In this light, bridging the gap between industry and academic and vocational education system becomes
an important area for industry engagement.
Figure 19: Broad contours of recommendations for industry
1. Collaborate with Private VTPs for corporate training on shop floor level: Most manufacturing
organisation in Uttar Pradesh face the issue of employing unskilled workers at their respective
shop floors. This often creates issues for them primarily in loss of quality / production. Thus
advantage of employee training and development in the long term is significant for all
organisations. While large and medium sized corporates do invest in training and development
it is largely restricted to the management cadre. There is a huge need for training of employees
at the shop floor level too which could directly lead to significant production increases. For this,
the organisation should look to partner with vocational training providers from the relevant
sector who will have the necessary training content and equipment in place. Training is needed
in:-
Collaborate with Private VTPs for
corporate training on shop floor level
Support state skill development
initiatives
Clusters to colaborate on creating specifc
training centres
Adoption of ITIs / Collaboration with other educational
institues
Provision of senior employees to be part time trainers as CSR
initiative
Create and further in-house training
programs
Collaboration with Government, SSCs and Pvt Training
providers
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
78
a. Technical skills,
b. Behavioural skills,
c. Safety Skills and
d. Quality management
2. Support state skill development initiatives: The State Skill Development mission envisages
various initiatives to promote skilling in the vocational education space. One such initiative is
where large corporates are invited to open Skill Development Institutes relevant to their own
respective sectors. The corporate will be provided the space / location by the State Government
while a basic investment will have to be made by the said corporate. Also, the corporate can
look to get empanelled as an employer with the various state schemes and students trained
through the schemes can be placed across the companies based on the availability. This will help
the VTPs and the State Government in assessing the demand for labour across various sectors.
3. Clusters to collaborate on creating specific training centres: Uttar Pradesh is home to many
industrial and artisan clusters and one of the prime problems faced by the clusters is with
relation to skill sets especially in the design and quality testing areas. These cluster units can
look to collaborate amongst themselves to create a central location for training and
development of their artisans. This can also be done by seeking support from the State
Government as well as agencies such as the UNIDO. These training units can also house quality
and inspection related equipment as is the case with the Belgaum Foundry cluster in Karnataka
which can be shared by the organisations and artisans in the region. The key clusters in Uttar
Pradesh include :-
a. Zari Zardori
b. Carpets and Durries
c. Textiles (Handloom)
d. Woodwork
e. Lac ware
f. Ceramics and Pottery etc.
4. Adoption of ITIs / collaboration with other educational institutes: Adoption of ITIs by big
corporates has been in process since 2007 throughout the country. Various state governments
too have been actively involved in putting up ITIs for adoption by known corporates of repute in
last two to three years. Various reports are seen of ITIs managed by corporates to be better
performing than the others. These institutes also see upgradation of machinery to modern
equipment and creation of Centres of Excellence. Thus the industry could look to adopting the
regional ITIs or look to collaborate with other colleges, polytechnics etc to promote skill
development as well as meet their own need for skilled man power.
5. Provision of senior employees to be part time trainers as CSR initiative: One of the major
concerns in Uttar Pradesh is with respect to availability of adequate number of trainers. We see
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
79
that in Uttar Pradesh across schools and colleges the pupil teacher ratio is at 80. This problem
exists in the vocational training space too. Thus in order to meet the short and medium term
demand of trainers, industry should look to allow its senior employees to become part time
trainers with vocational training providers or even nearby ITIs, colleges, polytechnics etc as a
part of its CSR initiatives.
6. Create and further in-house training programs: While continuing to focus on it on-the-job
training mechanism, the industry should also look to create a knowledge database which will
help to further create in-house training programs for its employees especially at the shop floor
level. The organisations can also look to align their internal training modules to national level
certification (like MES/NCVT) so that the employee may get himself / herself assessed and
certified post the training. This is more pertinent for industries which are organised and are
more formal in nature. Some of such industries in the State include :
a. Auto & auto components
b. Banking and Financial Services
c. Building, construction and real estate
d. Food processing (large; organised)
e. Healthcare services
f. IT / ITES
g. Organised retail
h. Textiles and clothing (mainly garments), and
i. Hospitality
7. Collaboration with Government, SSCs and Pvt Training providers: The need is to collaborate
with all key stakeholders to the skill development space:-
a. Government: This could in the form of collaborating towards skill development
initiatives of the State Government or through getting empanelled and providing
employment to various people undergoing vocational training under the Government’s
schemes.
b. Sector Skill Councils: The industry should look to collaborate with the respective SSCs in
order to aid them in developing standards for Occupational roles, industry knowledge to
be leveraged for curriculum framework development and in assisting the accredited
training organisations.
c. Private Training Providers: Collaboration with the private VTPs is essential from the
point of view of providing employment to the trained students or even for up-skilling of
their existing manpower.
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80
1.10.4. NSDC
As a part of the study, we have identified sectors wherein NSDC can intervene in the State, either by way
of funding the private training institutes or through its Sector Skill Councils (SSCs). The sectors where
NSDC can intervene have been divided into high-priority, medium-priority and low-priority, depending
on their employment generation potential in the next 10 years. The same has been presented in the
table below. Table 21: Sectors where NSDC intervention is required in Uttar Pradesh
Sector Key Focus districts
High priority
Building & construction All districts
Unorganised sector (domestic workers, beauty culture, security guards, facility management, handlooms and Handicrafts)
Domestic Workers : Gautam Buddh Nagar, Lucknow, Kanpur, Ghaziabad, Agra and Varanasi Others : All districts with focus on identified cluster areas for handicrafts and handlooms
Transportation, Logistics, Warehousing and Packaging
Lucknow, Kanpur, Ghaziabad, Allahabad , Agra, Gorakhpur, Varanasi, Jhansi, Saharanpur, Gautam Buddh Nagar, Meerut , Moradabad and Bareilly
Education and Skill Development All districts
Healthcare Services All districts
BFSI All districts
IT & ITES Gautam Buddh Nagar, Lucknow and Ghaziabad
Medium priority
Tourism, Travel, Hospitality & Trade Allahabad , Faizabad, Mathura, Varanasi, Agra, Chitrakoot, Lucknow, Gorakhpur, Jhansi, Kushinagar, Barabanki, Sant Kabir Nagar, Kheri, Shravasti and Kaushambi
Organised Retail Gautam Buddh Nagar, Ghaziabad, Lucknow, Kanpur, Allahabad and Varanasi
Textile and Clothing Gautam Buddha Nagar, Meerut, Fatehpur, Rampur, Ghaziabad, Gorakhpur, Aligarh, Sant Ravidas Nagar (Bhadohi) and Kanpur
Food Processing Budaun, Shahjahanpur, Saharanpur, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Bareilly, Ghaziabad, Mathura, Meerut, Sitapur, Moradabad, Aligarh, Bijnore, Bulandshahr, Varanasi, Kanpur, Barabanki, Rampur, Etawah, Gorakhpur, Unnao, Firozabad and Agra
Agriculture & allied (including dairy, animal husbandry, poultry etc.)
All districts
Other Manufacturing Gautam Buddha Nagar, Ghaziabad, Kanpur, Agra, Moradabad, Allahabad , Meerut, Bulandshahr , Muzaffarnagar, Bareilly, Bijnor, Saharanpur, Lucknow, Aligarh, Varanasi, Jyotiba Phule Nagar, Jhansi, Mau, Bara Banki, Firozabad and Mathura
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Sector Key Focus districts
Low priority
Media and Entertainment Gautam Buddh Nagar
Auto and Auto component Manufacturing: Gautam Buddh Nagar, Lucknow, Ghaziabad and Meerut. Auto Servicing and sales : All districts
Electronics and IT hardware Gautam Buddh Nagar and Ghaziabad
Leather & leather products Kanpur, Unnao and Gautam Buddh Nagar
Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Kanpur, Gautam Buddh Nagar, Allahabad, Bareilly and Budaun
Source: IMaCS Analysis
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
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This report has been prepared by ICRA Management Consulting Services Limited (IMaCS).
IMaCS is a multi-line management and development consulting firm headquartered in India. It has an
established track record of over 15 years in consulting across various sectors and countries. IMaCS has
completed over 950 consulting assignments and has worked in over 30 countries across the globe.
Through the process of carrying out several assignments over the last decade and half, IMaCS has
accumulated considerable analytical and consulting expertise, backed by the following capabilities:
• Deep understanding of policy formulation.
• Extensive and organised database on several sectors.
• Knowledge of key factors of success in different projects and programmes.
• Ability to research emerging trends in the economy, as well as in specific sectors.
• Insight into different programmes and organisational processes.
• Ability to carry out economic analysis, build quantitative and financial models to project future
performance and identify imperatives.
• Ability to identify the various types of risks and suggest appropriate strategies to mitigate the
same.
The Education and Skills practice at IMaCS focuses on identifying skill gaps, mapping future skill
requirements, and formulating strategies to address them. Our service offerings encompass diagnosis,
design and implementation of education and skill development interventions for government and
private sector.
R. Raghuttama Rao Managing Director IMaCS 4th floor, Electric Mansion Appasaheb Marathe Marg, Prabhadevi Mumbai – 400 025 Tel: 91 22 3047 0047, Fax: 91 22 3047 0081 Email: [email protected]
M. Sairam Head – Process Consulting IMaCS 5th floor, Karumuttu Centre 634, Anna Salai, Nandanam, Chennai – 600 035 Tel: 91 44 2434 0043, Fax: 91 44 2434 3663 Email: [email protected]
District wise skill gap study for the State of Uttar Pradesh
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For more details please contact:
National Skill Development Corporation D-4, Clarion Collection, (Qutab Hotel) Shaheed Jeet Singh Marg New Delhi 11 0 016 Tel : 011 46 56 0414 Fax : 011 4656 0417 Email : [email protected]