Download - Distributed Systems Management
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Distributed Systems Management• What is management?
• Strategic factors (planning, control)• Tactical factors (how to do support the strategy practically).
• Handling planning/control/configurations – being able to adapt to changes.
• Manual and Automatic elements.
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The management (life) cycle
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What should be managed?• Configuration management• Fault management• Accounting management• Performance management• QoS management• Security management• Name and directory management
• Tools:• Remote operation execution• Management Information Storage• Even reporting• Log control
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System Management Architectures
• What management architectures are you using in your project?
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Managed objects• Management Interface in addition to the functional interface• Can be a structure outside a hardware unit
• Operation: requests on the objects (aqtion, information)• Results (response)• Notifications (unsolicited)
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MIB: Management Information Base
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Management Functions
• Configuration• Fault• Performance / QoS• Accounting• Security• Naming
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Configuration management• For example Network Configuration
• Information (graphical) to administrator• Discovery of topology• Automated / manual reconfiguration or updates
• Other HW/SW Configuration issues
• State: up or down?• Status: e.g. load or other internal state of an object• Relation: Relations to other objects
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Fault management• Detecting and solving errors… • Notifications of (faults, failures, errors).
• - and what comes after notification?• Notification / alarm may be brought along with information about the faulty situation.• Solving the errors – reconfiguration, replacement of equipment, other actions.• Fault diagnosis or test after problems have been solved.
• Fault prevention – e.g. warning about faulty equipment…
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Performance / QoS management• Performance: What is the distinction between monitoring and management?• Step 1: Monitoring speed, latency, progress of processes. Comparing monitored valures to desirable or required ones. Actions/alarms in case of specification violations.• Congestion, overloads, assisting the (capacity) planning.• What countermeasures to take in case of violations???
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Accounting management• Monitoring usage of e.g. bandwidth and other ressources (like disk space, processor power).
• Construction of statistics• Can be used for accounting, i.e. charging the users depending on their usage of ressources (ISP, Telephony providers, storage providers, ….).
• Different kinds of monitoring:
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Security management• From the management point of view, it is much about monitoring events – for example intruisions, abuse, violation of specifications.
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Naming management• Keeping track of names, updating, organising, …• Not trivial in a highly dynamic (and possibly mobile) environment
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Strategic Management• The strategy is the highest level of management• Deals with policies and pricinples.• Decisions concerning how to handle different situations, from a ”political” rather than technical point of view.
• E.g. what should happen in case of security violations, or if a user is using more ressources than he is supposed to do?• E.g. how should quota for disk space, CPU power etc. be allocated?
• The strategical management has the long-term view of the system.
• Strategical management -> Tactical Management (-> Operational management).
• The strategical management should be explicitly described (as opposed to implicitly assumed ).
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Tactical Management• Based on the strategic management• Example: Strategic management has defined how to handle disk quotas. The tactical management will deal with how to execute these policies. Could also be the implementation of back-up procedures.• Are more technical than the strategic management – and shorter-termed.
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Centralising or decentralising?• Should the management be distributed, and how?• A Distributed system can very well be centrally managed (which is often the simplest, especially if the system is homogeneous).
• Example: Network management• Centralized management may be impossible in geographically dispersed and heterogeneous systems. • How about the scalability?
• Integrated management – a ”third way” which is basically centralized. Still unmature, but potential useful for many systems including c2c systems, sensor networks, …
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A generic management model• To describe the different management models….
• Scalability can be supported by hierarcies and/or cooperation
•As in all other protocol stacks: proxies
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Centralized management model• Islands of management (with or without coordination)
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Integrated management model•Nice simple figure, but tool integration platform is not simple… different distributed-systems models can be applied here as well.
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Decentralized management model•Nice simple figure, but tool integration platform is not simple… different distributed-systems models can be applied here as well.
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OSI management model• … may be simplified by ODP management model.
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Monitoring models• acquisition, processing, dissemination, presentation (at management consoles).