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University library
Discovery tools: a rearguard action?Lukas KosterLibrary Systems CoordinatorLibrary of the University of Amsterdam@lukask – [email protected], Palma de Mallorca, May 18, 2012
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YES
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Disclaimer
It’s just me
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Discovery?
Columbus discovers America
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Determine the existence, presence, or fact of something
Discover!
Become aware of something, usually accidentally, find unexpectedly
Make a new finding, see for the first time
Serendipity
http://www.flickr.com/photos/monkeymyshkin/2331128659/
http://freedictionary.org/?Query=discover
The Free Dictionary:
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“The things that we know, but are unaware of knowing”
Slavoj Žižek
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Unknown unknowns“There are known knowns; there are things we know we know.
We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know.
But there are also unknown unknowns – there are things we do not know we don't know.”
Donald Rumsfeld, February 12, 2002 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There_are_known_knowns
Unknown knowns
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unknown_known
Things we could have known, but don’t know Things that others know, but we don’t know (Lukas Koster)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jtkUO8NpI84http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GiPe1OiKQuk
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http://www.gutenberg.org/files/22116/22116-h/22116-h.htm
Columbus was looking for:NOT Indiaa new route to India
He found:A ‘new’ continentBecame aware only laterNamed after someone else!
Continent was NOT new:As old as EuropeKnown to inhabitantsFound before by Chinese, Vikings, Turks,….
known knownknown unknown
unknown unknown
unknown known
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Discovery is relative
Context is important
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http://www.librarytechnology.org/discovery.pl
https://sites.google.com/site/urd2comparison
Product Vendor Open Source
Software + local index
Shared index Software + Shared index
Local Hosted API
Primo/Primo Central Ex Libris x (Primo) x (Primo Central) x x x x
WorldCat Local OCLC x x x
Summon SerialsSolutions x x x
Aquabrowser SerialsSolutions x x x x
EDS EBSCO x x x
Encore Innovative x x
Endeca Endeca x x ?
VuFind OS x x x
LibHub SemperTool OS/Sub x x x x x
Meresco Seecr OS x x x
eXtensible Catalog OS x x x
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Library Discovery Tools
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Library Discovery ToolsEx Libris Primo: “is a one-stop solution for the discovery and delivery of local and remote resources, such as books, journal articles, and digital objects.”OCLC WorldCat Local: “delivers single-search-box access to more than 922 million items from your library and the world's library collections. It connects people to all your library's materials—electronic and digital and physical—as well as to the delivery services that get them what they need.”EBSCO EDS: “creates a unified, customized index of an institution’s information resources, and an easy, yet powerful means of accessing all of that content from a single search box.” SerialsSolutions SUMMON: “enables a familiar web-searching experience of the full breadth of content found in library collections—from books and videos to e-resources such as articles.”VuFind: “search and browse through all of your library's resources by replacing the traditional OPAC to include: Catalog Records, Locally Cached Journals, Digital Library Items, Institutional Repository, Institutional Bibliography, Other Library Collections and Resources ”GoogleScholar: “provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. From one place, you can search across many disciplines and sources: articles, theses, books, abstracts and court opinions, from academic publishers, professional societies, online repositories, universities and other web sites ”
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Library Discovery ToolsEx Libris Primo: “is a one-stop solution for the discovery and delivery of local and remote resources, such as books, journal articles, and digital objects.”OCLC WorldCat Local: “delivers single-search-box access to more than 922 million items from your library and the world's library collections. It connects people to all your library's materials—electronic and digital and physical—as well as to the delivery services that get them what they need.”EBSCO EDS: “creates a unified, customized index of an institution’s information resources, and an easy, yet powerful means of accessing all of that content from a single search box.” SerialsSolutions SUMMON: “enables a familiar web-searching experience of the full breadth of content found in library collections—from books and videos to e-resources such as articles.”VuFind: “search and browse through all of your library's resources by replacing the traditional OPAC to include: Catalog Records, Locally Cached Journals, Digital Library Items, Institutional Repository, Institutional Bibliography, Other Library Collections and Resources ”GoogleScholar: “provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. From one place, you can search across many disciplines and sources: articles, theses, books, abstracts and court opinions, from academic publishers, professional societies, online repositories, universities and other web sites ”
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Library Discovery ToolsEx Libris Primo: “is a one-stop solution for the discovery and delivery of local and remote resources, such as books, journal articles, and digital objects.”OCLC WorldCat Local: “delivers single-search-box access to more than 922 million items from your library and the world's library collections. It connects people to all your library's materials—electronic and digital and physical—as well as to the delivery services that get them what they need.”EBSCO EDS: “creates a unified, customized index of an institution’s information resources, and an easy, yet powerful means of accessing all of that content from a single search box.” SerialsSolutions SUMMON: “enables a familiar web-searching experience of the full breadth of content found in library collections—from books and videos to e-resources such as articles.”VuFind: “search and browse through all of your library's resources by replacing the traditional OPAC to include: Catalog Records, Locally Cached Journals, Digital Library Items, Institutional Repository, Institutional Bibliography, Other Library Collections and Resources ”GoogleScholar: “provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. From one place, you can search across many disciplines and sources: articles, theses, books, abstracts and court opinions, from academic publishers, professional societies, online repositories, universities and other web sites ”
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Library Discovery ToolsEx Libris Primo: “is a one-stop solution for the discovery and delivery of local and remote resources, such as books, journal articles, and digital objects.”OCLC WorldCat Local: “delivers single-search-box access to more than 922 million items from your library and the world's library collections. It connects people to all your library's materials—electronic and digital and physical—as well as to the delivery services that get them what they need.”EBSCO EDS: “creates a unified, customized index of an institution’s information resources, and an easy, yet powerful means of accessing all of that content from a single search box.” SerialsSolutions SUMMON: “enables a familiar web-searching experience of the full breadth of content found in library collections—from books and videos to e-resources such as articles.”VuFind: “search and browse through all of your library's resources by replacing the traditional OPAC to include: Catalog Records, Locally Cached Journals, Digital Library Items, Institutional Repository, Institutional Bibliography, Other Library Collections and Resources ”GoogleScholar: “provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. From one place, you can search across many disciplines and sources: articles, theses, books, abstracts and court opinions, from academic publishers, professional societies, online repositories, universities and other web sites ”
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Library Discovery ToolsEx Libris Primo: “is a one-stop solution for the discovery and delivery of local and remote resources, such as books, journal articles, and digital objects.”OCLC WorldCat Local: “delivers single-search-box access to more than 922 million items from your library and the world's library collections. It connects people to all your library's materials—electronic and digital and physical—as well as to the delivery services that get them what they need.”EBSCO EDS: “creates a unified, customized index of an institution’s information resources, and an easy, yet powerful means of accessing all of that content from a single search box.” SerialsSolutions SUMMON: “enables a familiar web-searching experience of the full breadth of content found in library collections—from books and videos to e-resources such as articles.”VuFind: “search and browse through all of your library's resources by replacing the traditional OPAC to include: Catalog Records, Locally Cached Journals, Digital Library Items, Institutional Repository, Institutional Bibliography, Other Library Collections and Resources ”GoogleScholar: “provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. From one place, you can search across many disciplines and sources: articles, theses, books, abstracts and court opinions, from academic publishers, professional societies, online repositories, universities and other web sites ”
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Library Discovery Tools
one-stopdiscoverydeliverysingle-search-boxunified, customized indexaccessingweb-searchingsearchbrowse
booksjournal articlesdigital objectsvideosarticlescatalog recordsjournalsdigital library itemsscholarly literaturethesesabstractscourt opinions
items from your librarythe world's library collectionsall your library's materialsan institution’s information resourcesfull breadth of content found in library collectionsyour library's resourcesinstitutional repositoryinstitutional bibliographyscholarly literatureacademic publishersprofessional societiesonline repositoriesuniversitiesweb sites
End user functionality Content types Content sources
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Library Discovery Tools
A one-stop single-search-box web based solution for searching, browsing, discovery and delivery of print and digital publications and objects available from library collections, institutional resources and academic publishers, using a unified index
Discovery and Delivery
One-stop
Unified index
Library and institutional resources
Academic publishers
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Publications
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Library Discovery Tools
Library
Systemvendor
Contentprovider
Customer
CreatorPublisherAggregator
Commercial‘Not (so) commercial’Open source
PublicAcademicResearch
Parties involved
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ContentLibrary
Catalogues
Institutionalrepositories
Contentprovider
Journals
Databases
Same old content
Nothing new, nothing unexpected here
Institutionaldatabases
Nothing to discover
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ContentLibrary
Catalogues
Institutionalrepositories
Contentprovider
Journals
DatabasesInstitutionaldatabases“Local” index
“Shared” index
Systemvendor
Contract
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ContentLibrary
Contentprovider
Journals
Databases
“Shared” index
Systemvendor
Contract
Systemvendor
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Libraries think they buy access to articles and information
Publishers only sell them services
Library
Publisher
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...can you really see us renewing the subscription for this database?http://www.daveyp.com/blog/archives/1722
Dave Pattern
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Content discovery?
Same content types as before: publications
Less content: technical, political, commercial obstacles
Known knowns
Unknown knowns
Same content sources as before: catalogues, databases, journals
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Known unknowns
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Discovery?
No new, unexpected, accidental findings
No discovery
Except that libraries discover:
There are lots of errors in their own data
Their workflows are not fit for unified indexing
Publishers don’t care about libraries, science, knowledge
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New silos
Primo 1
Super silos
Local silos
Primo 2
Primo Central Summon Index
Summon 1 Summon 2
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End user functionality
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Subject/discipline searchScoped search
Refine search resultsDrill downFacets
One unified front end
Before the search After the search
Setting context
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Known item search
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Book, article
Search on Title , Title + Author
Known known
Known unknown
I know the book is in the library
I know the article, but not where it’s available
No discovery desired!
Unknown known?
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Subject/discipline search
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Requires uniform classification by subject of each item
In Local and Shared index
Problematic
Not widely available
Highly desired by subject librarians!
Discovery: find new stuff within subject area
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Scoping searches to disciplines mapped to the individual item level
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The reality is:
One to one topics from data source “as is”
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Scoped search
Catalogues
Institutionalrepositories
Journals
DatabasesInstitutionaldatabases
“Local” index“Shared” index
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Limit search context in advance
Local or Shared index
Locations
Collections
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Broad search
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Default: search ‘everything’
No limit of search context in advance
No tabs, no locations, no collections prefilter
Limit results afterwards
Drill down
Facets
Largest chance of finding something unexpected
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Related information
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Find related results while browsing results list
Books and articles are a huge obstacle to find related information. You actually have to read them to find pointers to other useful information sources.
By same authorFrom same periodAbout similar subjects
Unknown unknownsUnknown knowns
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Related information
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Recommender systems
Based on analysing usage statisticsLoansDownloads
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One unified front end
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All individual library search front ends replaced by one institutional front end
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One unified front end
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The Library as the place to find all you need
Focus on
Local Collections, subscriptions
Introverted perspective
Integration = isolation
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One unified front end
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Institutional affiliation is only needed for delivery….
Customers don’t care where they find stuff
The Model
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Dave Pattern http://www.daveyp.com/blog/archives/1722
Slide from Tony Hirst's "A105 - Visionary Views" session at ILI2010
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50Discovery tools: a rearguard action? ELAG2012May 18, 2012Bruce Heterick http://www.casalini.it/retreat/2012_docs/heterick.pdf
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What’s new?
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Response time: fast
Unlimited search scope (within limited set)
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What’s old?
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No unified multilingual subject search
No unified unambiguous author search
Limited set
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Time for the Big Question
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Bibliotekssystem som begrepp - är det yesterday’s news?
• Är det t.o.m så att det börjar bli dags (på riktigt) att luckra upp innehållet i våra isolerade bibliotekssystem (på riktigt) och låta vår data interagera med omvärldens data (på riktigt)?
” The Big Question here is: do we need discovery systems based on centuries old physical library and publishing practices?
Or do libraries need to really go and look elsewhere and make use of new online information sources and linked open data technology?
[Lukas Koster]
Kristin Olofsson, March 27 2012Kristin Olofsson, March 27 2012 http://www.kb.se/dokument/Libris/inspirationsnm%C3%B6ten/Front%20till%20librisinsp.pdfhttp://www.kb.se/dokument/Libris/inspirationsnm%C3%B6ten/Front%20till%20librisinsp.pdf
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Rearguard action?
Rückzugsgefecht
combat d’arrière-garde
reträttstrid azione di retroguardia
achterhoedegevecht
accion de retaguardia baktroppen handling
týlovou akci
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Rearguard action:
rearguard [‘rɪə,gɑːd]n1. (Military) a detachment detailed to protect the rear of a military formation, esp in retreat2. an entrenched or conservative element, as in a political partyrearguard actiona. an action fought by a rearguardb. a defensive action undertaken to try to stop something happening or continuing
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/rearguard
The Free Dictionary:
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Rearguard actions
May 18, 2012 Discovery tools: a rearguard action? ELAG2012 58
Content providers
Libraries
System vendors
Customers
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Rearguard actions
May 18, 2012 Discovery tools: a rearguard action? ELAG2012 59
Content providers, publishers, aggregators
Protect commercial position
Business model based on 19th century conditions
Peer review
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Rearguard actions
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Libraries
Promote local physical collection
Protect organisational position
Focused on publications
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Rearguard actions
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Library system vendors
Protect commercial position
Dependent on content providers and libraries
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Rearguard actions
May 18, 2012 Discovery tools: a rearguard action? ELAG2012 62
Customers
Conditioned by existing situation
Publications: go to the library
Anything else: go to Google, YouTube, FaceBook
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Open acces
Nanopublications
Web
Linked open data
Social media
CollaboratoriesDatasets
Libraries PublishersVendors Information
Rearguard actions
New Bibliographic Framework
Customer
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Forward!
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The Web…the Final Frontier…To explore strange new worlds…To boldly go where no one has gone before
Unknown unknowns
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Examples!New Bibliographic Framework
Webscale Next Generation ILS
Research information
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Discovery tools: a rearguard action? ELAG2012http://www.loc.gov/marc/transition/news/framework-103111.html
May 18, 2012 67
New Bibliographic Framework
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No local data sources for bibliographic data
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New Bibliographic Framework
May 18, 2012
Primo 1Primo 2
Summon 1Summon 2
Discovery tools need to work with shared linked data sources
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Webscale Next Generation ILS
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Webscale Next Generation ILS
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Same old business modelSame old contentSame old silo structure
Shared cataloguing (new??)
Integration of print and electronic
New technical infrastructure
Back office workflows
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Same old silos
Primo 1
Super silos
Local silos
Primo 2
Alma Intota
Summon 1 Summon 2
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Webscale Next Generation ILS
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Should be focusing on new Bibliographic Framework
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Research information
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Research project
Publication
Person
Dataset
OrganisationReview
Publication
Person
Discovery tool, OPACDiscovery tool, OPAC Research information systemResearch information system
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Research information
May 18, 2012 Discovery tools: a rearguard action? ELAG2012 74James Toon @jamestoon http://twitter.com/jamestoon/statuses/195423498649346048
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Informal assessment of the need for a discovery tool, January 2012
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Assessment Outcomes
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Two different use cases:Research staff: one unified interfaceGeneral public: promote KNAW collections
Research staff :Needed: Subject area prefilterOR:Just use Web of Science/Google Scholar, etc.
No real return on investment
No need for organisation-wide discovery tool right now
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Solutions
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http://www.slideshare.net/wilbanks/wilbanks-nfaisJohn Wilbanks @wilbanks
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Solutions
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Front end tools:Semantic/linked data searchSearch ‘trusted’ global data sourcesResolve stored URIs on the flyProcess metadata schemas
Infrastructure:Publish Linked Open DataAdd linksUse persistent URIs
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Google Knowledge Graph
http://googleblog.blogspot.in/2012/05/introducing-knowledge-graph-things-not.html
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No silos
Primo 1 Primo 2
All library data All scholarly publications
Summon 1 Summon 2
? ?
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Open up!
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Open access, share data
Shift focus to information, curation
Provide general linked Information systems
Publishers
Libraries
System developers/vendors
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Real discovery is not a frontend issue, it’s an infrastructure issue
http://www.flickr.com/photos/distillated/4019168148/