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Discovering Your Risk: Zoonotic Disease Risk Perception
(A Colorado Airport Perspective)Emily L. Blizzard MS PhD, Kendra B. Cross, Todd Green, David Ulane, and
Martin LowneyAugust 22, 2018
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Outline
• Disease Terminology• Background• Study Design• Results• Zoonotic Diseases in Colorado• Identifying Your Risk• Conclusions• Questions
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Zoonotic Disease
• A disease that is spread between animal an people.
• Ex: viruses, bacteria, prions, and parasites
• Transmission• Direct – physical contact between hosts
• Ex: Rabies• Indirect – fomites, vectors, environment
• Ex: West Nile
https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/resources/pdfs/13_240124_west_nile_lifecycle_birds_plainlanguage_508.pdfhttps://www.pinterest.com/pin/771874823607526150/
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• October 29 – November 3, 2007• 37 year old wildlife biologist• Grand Canyon National Park, AZ• 72-82 hrs• Endemic Area• Acutely ill
• Fever, chills, nauseahttps://www.jhnewsandguide.com/news/environmental/article_3f67f6a3-c47b-5eff-b114-26b1dde80d3b.htmlhttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110829173751.htm
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Background
• Wildlife Operations Personnel• Wildlife Strikes
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Zoonotic Diseases in Colorado
Predators• Rabies• Mange• Plague• Parasitic
infections• EX: Baylisascaris
spp.
Birds• Salmonella• Histoplasmosis• Psittacosis
Rodents• Tularemia• Plague• Giardia• Hantavirus• Leptospirosis• Cryptosporidiosis
Vector(s)• West Nile• Plague• Colorado Tick
Fever• Tularemia• West Nile
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Study Design
• Overall disease background.• Knowledge as to local disease outbreaks?• Perception of risk?• Work related exposures?• Precautions taken?• Amount of time in one location?
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Demographics
• March – July 2018• 25 Questions
• 2 Open Ended
• N=130 • Airports = 15
• General Aviation• Part 139• Military
113, 87%
17, 13%
Sex Ratio of Participants
MaleFemaleN/A
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32
71
26
8 2
General Aviation Part 139 DIA Military All of the Above
Num
ber o
f Ind
ivid
ualsType of Airport
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10
43
33
22
21
1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
18-25
25-34
35-44
45-55
56-64
65-74
75+
Number of Individuals
Age
Age of Participants
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22%
28%
50%
EducationLevel
High schoolcompletedCollege Partially
University Degree
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13
56
20
41
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
<1
1-5
6 - 10
> 10
Number of Individuals
Year
sTime at Airport
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124
1 50
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Permanent Seasonal Intern
NU
MBE
R O
F IN
DIVI
DUAL
S
TERM OF SERVICE
Employee Status
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24%
1%
63%
12%
Job Position
Maintenance
No Response
Operations
Business/Management
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30%
69%
1%
Zoonotic Disease Perception
ConcernedNot ConcernedNo Response
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4
14
1
3
16
8
5
1
13
2
15
8
14
2
2
15
7
35
27
22
14
20
37
29
15
8
18
17
22
19
14
14
33
34
62
50
9
35
1
2
7
5
6
4
14
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Live or dead animals at work?
Work in areas infested with mosquitoes?
Live or dead prairie dogs or rabbits at work
Handle skunks/raccoons?
Handle coyotes and Fox?
Live or Dead Birds?
Bird Fecal droppings
Exposure Risk
Daily Weekly Monthly Several times a year Once a year None N/A
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4
5
58
25
50
38
35
2
3
11
18
28
13
21
1
2
5
8
8
4
10
8
11
5
6
7
7
7
80
73
16
36
5
10
15
5
5
5
7
2
28
12
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Wash Hands or Use Sanitizer
Wear Disposable Gloves
Wear Protective Clothing
Transport Animal in Bag or Container
Use Insect Repellent
Face Mask Bird or Rodent Fecal Droppings
Disinfect Work Vehicle
Personal Protective Measures
Never <1/2 1/2 >1/2 Always N/A
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•What animal diseases have you heard about in Colorado (Please write below)?
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38
1
4
4
1
6
32
3
5
5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
NO RESPONSE
MOST OR SOME
TULAREMIA
CWD
MANGE
HANTAVIRUS
NONE
BIRD FLU
RABIES
PLAGUE
Zoonotic Disease Knowledge (n=78)
%
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19 19
3
17
12
1 23
1
4
7
1
4
13
1 1 1
Perc
enta
ge %
Zoonotic Disease Knowledge (n=137)
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Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment
Report Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 20165-Year Average
(2012-2016)2017
Anthrax 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Brucellosis 2 1 3 0 0 1 0Hantavirus 3 2 6 6 11 5 4
Plague 1 0 8 4 0 2 0
Psittacosis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Q-Fever, Acute 9 5 4 7 3 5 6
Q-Fever, Chronic 1 3 2 1 2 1 0Rabies, Human 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Rabies, Animal 183 187 130 119 88 141 165
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
7 5 5 7 4 5 10
Tick-borne Relapsing Fever
7 6 2 3 5 4 3
Tularemia 0 2 16 52 14 16 5West Nile Virus 134 321 118 101 149 164 68
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Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment
Report Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 20165-Year Average
(2012-2016)2017
Anthrax 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Brucellosis 2 1 3 0 0 1 0
Hantavirus 3 2 6 6 11 5 4
Plague 1 0 8 4 0 2 0
Psittacosis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Q-Fever, Acute 9 5 4 7 3 5 6
Q-Fever, Chronic 1 3 2 1 2 1 0
Rabies, Human 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rabies, Animal 183 187 130 119 88 141 165
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
7 5 5 7 4 5 10
Tick-borne Relapsing Fever
7 6 2 3 5 4 3
Tularemia 0 2 16 52 14 16 5
West Nile Virus 134 321 118 101 149 164 68
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Colorado Department of Public Health & EnvironmentReport Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
5-Year Average(2012-2016)
2017
Anthrax 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Brucellosis 2 1 3 0 0 1 0Hantavirus 3 2 6 6 11 5 4
Plague 1 0 8 4 0 2 0
Psittacosis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Q-Fever, Acute 9 5 4 7 3 5 6
Q-Fever, Chronic 1 3 2 1 2 1 0Rabies, Human 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Rabies, Animal 183 187 130 119 88 141 165
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
7 5 5 7 4 5 10
Tick-borne Relapsing Fever
7 6 2 3 5 4 3
Tularemia 0 2 16 52 14 16 5West Nile Virus 134 321 118 101 149 164 68
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Colorado Department of Public Health & EnvironmentReport Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
5-Year Average(2012-2016)
2017
Anthrax 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Brucellosis 2 1 3 0 0 1 0Hantavirus 3 2 6 6 11 5 4
Plague 1 0 8 4 0 2 0
Psittacosis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Q-Fever, Acute 9 5 4 7 3 5 6
Q-Fever, Chronic 1 3 2 1 2 1 0Rabies, Human 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Rabies, Animal 183 187 130 119 88 141 165
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
7 5 5 7 4 5 10
Tick-borne Relapsing Fever
7 6 2 3 5 4 3
Tularemia 0 2 16 52 14 16 5West Nile Virus 134 321 118 101 149 164 68
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Colorado West Nile Data 2002- 2017
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Identifying Your Risk
• Knowledge of Zoonotic Disease(s) outbreaks
• Proper PPE• Hand washing• After animal contact• Before eating, drinking• Limit contact with animals• Disinfect Equipment
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Conclusions
• Highlights Gaps in Knowledge• Update Training – Diseases• Transmission and Persistence• PPE• Future
• Comparison to Wildlife Services Personnel
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Cooperative Agreement Support
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Questions ?