Download - Diplomacy & Negotiation
DIPLOMACY &
NEGOTIATION
DIPLOMACY & NEGOTIATION
About diplomacy What do diplomats do? What influences
negotiations? Who’s influences foreign
policy making? What are the different
negotiation settings?
ABOUT DIPLOMA
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ABOUT DIPLOMACYWhat is diplomacy? Formal relations between countries Need to be sovereign to engage in diplomacy
Recognize with an Embassy
What is the objective of diplomacy? Promote/ preserve state’s national self-
interest
When did the modern era of diplomacy begin?
Marked by Treaty of Versailles, 1919
ABOUT DIPLOMACYWho is the most important diplomat for a
country?-Head of Government Country
United States, France, Russia, BrazilUnited Kingdom, Canada, Australia, JapanChina, Czech Republic
GermanySaudi Arabia, Brunei, Oman, Qatar
Titles for the Head of GovernmentPresident
Prime Minister
Premier
ChancellorKing
ABOUT DIPLOMACYHead of Government and Head of
StateCountry
United States, China, Germany , BrazilFrance, Russia
United Kingdom, Morocco, Thailand, JapanSaudi Arabia, Brunei, Oman, Qatar
Titles for the Head of State
President
Prime Minister
King or Queen
King
ABOUT DIPLOMACYWho’s involved in diplomatic affairs?
Head of government, head of state--other diplomats?Head representative of a country’s
foreign affairs office
Ambassadors Civil servants
Foreign service officers
Country TitleUnited States Secretary of StateUnited Kingdom
Foreign Secretary
France Minister of StateChina Minister of Foreign
Affairs
WHAT DIPLOMATS
DO
WHAT DIPLOMATS DO Represent state affairs
Must be formally appointed Policy representative
Symbolic Substantive
Observer and reporter Negotiator Bureaucratic functions
NEGOTIATION
INFLUENCES
NEGOTIATIONSWhat influences negotiations?2 Main Influences:1) National power2) 2-level games
NEGOTIATIONSAspects of National Power Multifaceted Dynamic, not static Hard v. soft
Coercive v. persuasive Tangible v. intangible
Tanks v. good leadership Relative
Regional power Nuclear power Economic power
NEGOTIATIONSNational Power: State Characteristics Sovereignty
Government type, corruption, bureaucratic efficiency, leadership
Population Age, health, education, morale,
diversity, size Territory
Size, climate, terrain, natural resources
Resources Factor endowments, industrialization,
labor supply
NEGOTIATIONSNational Power: National Infrastructure Technical structures
Roads, airways, railroad tracks Electric grids, telephone lines, fiber-optic
cables Waste management, storm drains Hospitals, schools, post offices How many people have access?
Transportation Planes, trains, automobiles
Information & Communications Radios, TVs, computers, telephones, cell
phones, newspapers, addresses
NEGOTIATIONS2-Level Games Constrained by both domestic
and international factors/ influences
One level Between two or more state’s diplomats
Another level Between the diplomat and the domestic
population Intermestic issues
Let’s build a road in Kentucky Both levels affect decisions
NEGOTIATIONS
II II
I
Negotiations take place on two levels:Diplomat
Diplomat with hat
One level of negotiations: between diplomats
One level of negotiations: between diplomat & people
One level of negotiations: between diplomat & people
NEGOTIATIONSExample of 2-level game
situation: Eurozone crisisDomestic Level-Greeks
International Level
Domestic Level-Germans
Protesting against changes; government needs to act to save Greek economy
Need to coordinate economic policy
Germans upset their country/ money has to bailout irresponsible members
WHO INFLUENCES
NEGOTIATIO
NS?
INFLUENCESWho’s involved in policy
making?1. Executive branch2. Legislative branch3. Bureaucrats4. Interest groups5. Population6. Media7. Political opposition
NEGOTIATION
SETTINGS
NEGOTIATION SETTINGSDifferent Negotiation
Environments Hostile Diplomacy
Armed/potential armed Adversarial Diplomacy
Little chance of conflict Coalition Diplomacy
Cooperation to solve issue Mediation Diplomacy
Third party to help in stalemate
DIPLOMACY & NEGOTIATION
About diplomacy What do diplomats do? What influences
negotiations? Who’s influences foreign
policy making? What are the different
negotiation settings?