Download - Digital electronics - Basics
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DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
R.NEELAVATHY(ECE-II YEAR)115011013896
All Rights reserved. Not for distribution. Single user license
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ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNALS
A continuously varying signal is called an analog signal.1
A signal that can have only two discreteValues is called a digital signal.
2
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DIGITAL CIRCUIT
An electronic circuit that handles only a
digital signal.
1The output voltage of a digital circuit is either low or high
and no other value.
2These states are
expressed as (High or Low) or (ON or OFF) or (1 or 0)
3
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Hexadecimal - 16
Decimal - 10
Octal - 8
Binary - 2
NUMBER SYSTEM
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LOGIC GATES1 A digital circuit with one or
more input signals but only one output signal . Some examples here,
2 When A&B are open, the bulb is OFF.
3 When A is open and B closed, the bulb is OFF.
4 When B is open and A closed, the bulb is OFF.
5 When both A&B are closed, the bulb is ON.
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THREE BASIC LOGIC GATES
1
OR gate
2
AND gate
3
NOT gate
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OR GATE
1An OR gate is a logic gate that has two or more inputs but only one output.
2However, the output Y of an OR gate is LOW when all inputs are LOW.
3The output Y of an OR gate is HIGH if any or all the inputs are HIGH.
4
FOR EXAMPLE
A+B=Y
5A B 0 00 11 01 1
6 Y 0 1 1 1
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AND GATE
1The AND gate is a logic gate that has two or more inputs but only one output.
2The output Y of AND gate is HIGH when all inputs are HIGH.
3However, the output Y of AND gate is LOW if any or all inputs are LOW.
4
FOR EXAMPLE
A.B
5A B0 00 11 01 1
6 Y 0 0 0 1
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NOT GATE
The NOT gate or inverter is the simplest of all logic gates.
1It has only one input and one output, where the output is
opposite of the input.
2
The NOT gate is often called inverter because it inverts the input.
3
FOR EXAMPLE
A Y 0 11 0
4
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ENCODE, DECODE, RECODE
ENCODING
“Creation of text with specific messages”
DECODING
“Perception & interpretation of messages”
RECODING
“Appropriation & application of messages”
Your text b Term 4
Your one sentence definition
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BOOLEAN THEOREMS
Boolean theorems that are useful in manipulating and simplifying Boolean expressions.
For convenience, we divide the theorems into two groups:
Single variable theoremsMulti variable theorems
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SINGLE VARIABLE THEOREMS EXAMPLESTH
EORE
MA + 0 = A
A . 1 = A
A + Á = 1
A . Á = 0
THEO
REM A + A = A
A . A = A
A + 1 = 1
A . 0 = 0
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MULTI VARIABLE THEOREMS EXAMPLES
1
Commutative Law
2Associative Law
3Distributive Law
4De Morgan’s
Theorems
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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
1 The real world is mainly analog. However, the digital circuits can handle only digital signal.
2 Digital systems are generally easier to design.
3 Information storage is easy with digital circuits.
4 There are situations where using only analog techniques is simpler and more economical.
5 Digital circuits are less affected by noise.
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THANKING YOU