![Page 1: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so
nutrients can be absorbed
![Page 2: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Mechanical Digestion: *teeth chewing breaks ↓ food into
smaller pieces (prepares for chemical
digestion by ↑ing SA for enzymes to work
in chemical digestion)
*churning of stomach (sm muscles)
![Page 3: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Chemical Digestion: Enzymes further break ↓ food particles
so nutrients can be absorbed
![Page 4: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4 Layers of Digestive Tract
![Page 5: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
*Frenulum: attaches tongue to floor of mouth
![Page 7: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Epiglottis: closes off trachea and bolus passed into
esophagus (behind trachea) when you swallow
![Page 11: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Salivary Glands: In mouth start chemical digestion of carbs
![Page 13: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Pharynx (throat)
![Page 15: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Esophagus
and Cardiac Sphincter
cardiac sphincter
![Page 16: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Stomach
*
*
![Page 17: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Small Intestine: ABSORPTION of
nutrients
Duodenum
1st part of sm intestine is where most digestion takes place
Rest of sm intestine
absorption
![Page 21: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Villi/Microvilli
Of Sm Intestine
↑ SA for absorption of nutrients
![Page 22: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Liver and Gall Bladder
![Page 25: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Lg Intestine:
Fx Absorption of H2O
![Page 30: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
jejunum
![Page 34: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Peritoneum: Serous moist membrane lines abdominal cavity
& covers organs
(remember Epi membranes serous, cutaneous, mucous
connective tissue membranes synovial
no Epi component
Shiny surface of the organs is the visceral peritoneum; shiny lining the abdominal wall is the parietal peritoneum
![Page 35: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Mesentary: Extension of Parietal Peritoneum
Anchors Sm Intestine to abdominal wall
![Page 36: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Greater Omentum: Extension of parietal peritoneum
Envelopes inflamed appendix
CAT
M
E
O
W
![Page 37: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Digestion of Carbs: major source of energy
Starts in mouth w/salivary amylase
Sm Intestine: pancreatic & intestinal juices digest starch & sugars
____________ase (enzyme for what it works on)
Amylase breaks ↓starch & sugars
Maltase breaks ↓maltose (gal + gal)
Sucrase breaks ↓ sucrose (glu + fru)
Lactase breaks ↓ lactose (glu + gal)
* Starches polysaccharides disaccharides monosaccharides
![Page 38: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Carbs: preferred energy food
Glycolysis: glucose metabolism (catabolic)
CR: w/ O2 = lots of ATP
Glycogenolysis: glu glycogen for storage (an anabolic)
Pancreas: Alpha Cells glucagon hormone
glycogen glucose ↑’s BS
Beta Cells insulin hormone
carries glucose across CM ↓BS
Antagonists
Hypoglycemia: low BS vs Hyperglycemia: high BS
Diabetics metabolize fats vs glucose byproduct ketones
Ketoacidosis affects blood pH diabetic coma
![Page 39: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Proteins: Growth & development, repair, enzymes (catalysts)
Can be broken ↓ for energy
Starts in stomach
Enzymes Renin & Pepsin in gastric juice
Sm Intestine: Trypsin in pancreatic juice
Pepsidase in intestinal juice
![Page 40: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Fats: store energy (2x more than carbs) impt in cm’s
Saturated, Unsaturated, Polyunsaturated
No C=C 1 C=C >1 C=C bond
Animals Plants
Solid @ RT Liquid @ RT
Gastric lipase in gastric juice digests some fat in stomach
Most fat undigested until of sm Intestine
Bile salts (aid enzyme Fx) made in liver stored in gall bladder, released into duodenum to emulsify fats (mechanical)
Pancreatic enzymes splits fats into glycerol & 3 fa’s
![Page 41: Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf991a28abf838c916eb/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Food Undergoes: Digestion, Absorption (↑ SA) Metabolism
*Metabolism = anabolic + catabolic Rx’s (dehy synth & hydro)
H2O = most of body wt (blood plasma >90% H2O
Minerals: Inorganic & req’d by body
(to make Hgb, DNA, RNA, ATP)
Ca: teeth, bones, nerve, muscle fx
Vitamins: Help enzymes fx
K & some B complex made in liver
D made in skin (w/ sunlight)
A, D, E, K, fat soluble & stored in fatty tissue
C & B H2O soluble, need daily