![Page 1: Diffraction Enhanced Imaging at the UK Synchrotron Radiation Source M.Ibison, K.C.Cheung, K.Siu, C.J.Hall, R.A.Lewis, A. Hufton, S.J.Wilkinson, K.D.Rogers,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d825503460f94a67edb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Diffraction Enhanced Imaging at the UK Synchrotron Radiation
Source
M.Ibison, K.C.Cheung, K.Siu, C.J.Hall, R.A.Lewis, A. Hufton, S.J.Wilkinson, K.D.Rogers, A.Round
![Page 2: Diffraction Enhanced Imaging at the UK Synchrotron Radiation Source M.Ibison, K.C.Cheung, K.Siu, C.J.Hall, R.A.Lewis, A. Hufton, S.J.Wilkinson, K.D.Rogers,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d825503460f94a67edb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Principal Objectives of DEI Development Activities at the SRS
reduce the proportion of available time spent on alignment, in preparation for useful imaging
increase reliability and stability in mechanics and software, to improve image quality
approach a ‘turn-key’ facility for DEI users without need for expertise in the detailed method.
Also:- obtain useful experience for designing 2nd generation DEI on higher-energy SRS station.
![Page 3: Diffraction Enhanced Imaging at the UK Synchrotron Radiation Source M.Ibison, K.C.Cheung, K.Siu, C.J.Hall, R.A.Lewis, A. Hufton, S.J.Wilkinson, K.D.Rogers,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d825503460f94a67edb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
DEI System – Station 7.6• High precision optics required• 2-crystal monochromator and 2-crystal analyser• Si 311 crystals give sharper x-ray extinction• Higher contrast, higher resolution images.
![Page 4: Diffraction Enhanced Imaging at the UK Synchrotron Radiation Source M.Ibison, K.C.Cheung, K.Siu, C.J.Hall, R.A.Lewis, A. Hufton, S.J.Wilkinson, K.D.Rogers,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d825503460f94a67edb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
X-Ray Optics Alignment Laser
• red beam ( = 623nm), <1 mW output
• compact (2.5cm x 1cm), power source = 2 x 1.5V batteries
• micrometer adjustments, Vertical & Horizontal angle & displacement
• spot of 2mm x 1mm at working range of 2m
![Page 5: Diffraction Enhanced Imaging at the UK Synchrotron Radiation Source M.Ibison, K.C.Cheung, K.Siu, C.J.Hall, R.A.Lewis, A. Hufton, S.J.Wilkinson, K.D.Rogers,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d825503460f94a67edb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Monochromator and 4-Crystal Alignment using Laser Assistance
Monochromator Alignment Analyser Alignment
NOTE: Vertical Spacing between crystals exaggerated for clarity.
![Page 6: Diffraction Enhanced Imaging at the UK Synchrotron Radiation Source M.Ibison, K.C.Cheung, K.Siu, C.J.Hall, R.A.Lewis, A. Hufton, S.J.Wilkinson, K.D.Rogers,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d825503460f94a67edb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Laser Method for Determination of Motor Drive Calibration Factors
Laser laser
Monochromator crystal cage scale
rotation
deflection
Tangent Arm
Motor Drive
![Page 7: Diffraction Enhanced Imaging at the UK Synchrotron Radiation Source M.Ibison, K.C.Cheung, K.Siu, C.J.Hall, R.A.Lewis, A. Hufton, S.J.Wilkinson, K.D.Rogers,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d825503460f94a67edb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Laser Method for Determination of Motor Drive Calibration Factors
Laser laser
Monochromator crystal cage scale
rotation
deflection
Tangent Arm
Motor Drive
![Page 8: Diffraction Enhanced Imaging at the UK Synchrotron Radiation Source M.Ibison, K.C.Cheung, K.Siu, C.J.Hall, R.A.Lewis, A. Hufton, S.J.Wilkinson, K.D.Rogers,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d825503460f94a67edb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Ionisation Chamber for X-Ray Beam Location
• polymer window (5cm x 1cm)
• thickness = 70m• atmospheric pressure
![Page 9: Diffraction Enhanced Imaging at the UK Synchrotron Radiation Source M.Ibison, K.C.Cheung, K.Siu, C.J.Hall, R.A.Lewis, A. Hufton, S.J.Wilkinson, K.D.Rogers,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d825503460f94a67edb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Silicon p.i.n. PhotoDiodefor DEI Alignment
• Sensitive Area: 3.5mm x 3.5mm
• Thickness (effective): 250m
• Window: 10m Al foil (for 14keV X-rays)
![Page 10: Diffraction Enhanced Imaging at the UK Synchrotron Radiation Source M.Ibison, K.C.Cheung, K.Siu, C.J.Hall, R.A.Lewis, A. Hufton, S.J.Wilkinson, K.D.Rogers,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d825503460f94a67edb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Medical Applications of DEI: Mouse Feet Study
Refraction Images
Normal Diseased
• vertical view• through sole of foot
Absorption Images
Normal Diseased
![Page 11: Diffraction Enhanced Imaging at the UK Synchrotron Radiation Source M.Ibison, K.C.Cheung, K.Siu, C.J.Hall, R.A.Lewis, A. Hufton, S.J.Wilkinson, K.D.Rogers,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d825503460f94a67edb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Mouse Feet Study (2)
Normal Diseased
Refraction
Images
• horizontal view• through side of foot
Absorption Images
Normal Diseased
![Page 12: Diffraction Enhanced Imaging at the UK Synchrotron Radiation Source M.Ibison, K.C.Cheung, K.Siu, C.J.Hall, R.A.Lewis, A. Hufton, S.J.Wilkinson, K.D.Rogers,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d825503460f94a67edb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
DEI Insect Studies
Refraction
Image
Absorption
Image
Beetle Earwig
![Page 13: Diffraction Enhanced Imaging at the UK Synchrotron Radiation Source M.Ibison, K.C.Cheung, K.Siu, C.J.Hall, R.A.Lewis, A. Hufton, S.J.Wilkinson, K.D.Rogers,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d825503460f94a67edb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Computerised Tomography – Principles
![Page 14: Diffraction Enhanced Imaging at the UK Synchrotron Radiation Source M.Ibison, K.C.Cheung, K.Siu, C.J.Hall, R.A.Lewis, A. Hufton, S.J.Wilkinson, K.D.Rogers,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d825503460f94a67edb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Examples of CT Reconstruction
Input to Reconstruction = Set of Projections (Sinogram)
Results of Reconstruction = Cross-Section (Slice)
![Page 15: Diffraction Enhanced Imaging at the UK Synchrotron Radiation Source M.Ibison, K.C.Cheung, K.Siu, C.J.Hall, R.A.Lewis, A. Hufton, S.J.Wilkinson, K.D.Rogers,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d825503460f94a67edb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Effect of Filtering on Reconstructed Image
Unfiltered
Filtered
![Page 16: Diffraction Enhanced Imaging at the UK Synchrotron Radiation Source M.Ibison, K.C.Cheung, K.Siu, C.J.Hall, R.A.Lewis, A. Hufton, S.J.Wilkinson, K.D.Rogers,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d825503460f94a67edb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Volume Visualisation
• 3-D Rendering of a Mouse Liver, based on CT dataset (ELETTRA)• Uses Volume/Surface modelling features of software packages
![Page 17: Diffraction Enhanced Imaging at the UK Synchrotron Radiation Source M.Ibison, K.C.Cheung, K.Siu, C.J.Hall, R.A.Lewis, A. Hufton, S.J.Wilkinson, K.D.Rogers,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d825503460f94a67edb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Second-Generation DEI System:Some Design Considerations
higher energy and greater flux (on wiggler Station) - better penetration, lower subject dose
channel-cut crystals - facilitate alignment, reduce drift rigidity and anti-vibration built into support structure mountings optimize use of existing framework - station
sharing remains feasible vacuum enclosure of the monochromator - avoids
convection currents and ozone damage risk cooling provision for the 1st crystal - highest heat loading
from ‘white’ beam.
![Page 18: Diffraction Enhanced Imaging at the UK Synchrotron Radiation Source M.Ibison, K.C.Cheung, K.Siu, C.J.Hall, R.A.Lewis, A. Hufton, S.J.Wilkinson, K.D.Rogers,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d825503460f94a67edb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank:-
Medical Research Council- for funding this research programme
Giuseppe Salvini and Janet Groves (CLRC Daresbury)- design and construction of the p.i.n. diode device
Greg Johnson (CLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory)- design and implementation of DSP reconstruction system
Andrew Mather (Liverpool University)- Java implementation of the FBP reconstruction software.