Download - DIET AND DIABETES
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BY VINITA MEWADA BHOPAL
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Why Change Eating Habits?• To prevent complications of To prevent complications of
diabetesdiabetes– by keeping control of:
•Blood glucose•Cholesterol •Blood pressure
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Why Change Eating Habits?
• To improve your healthTo improve your health– by making healthy food choices– and being physically active
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Carbohydrate and Diabetes• Include foods containing
carbohydrate from whole grains, fruits, vegetables and low-fat milk in your diet
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Carbohydrate and Diabetes
• The amount of carbohydrate at a meal affects your blood glucose more
than the type– Sugar and starch have similar effects on
blood glucose
=
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Carbohydrate and Diabetes
• Consistency in carbohydrate intake is important from day to day– For people not taking diabetes
medication– For people taking a fixed dose of insulin
• Insulin should be adjusted based on amount of carbohydrate at meals– For people on varying doses at meal
times
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Carbohydrate and Diabetes
• Several things affect how much your blood glucose increases after you eat:– amount of carbohydrate– type of sugar or starch– cooking and food processing – food form– other foods in the meal that slow
digestion
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Carbohydrate and Diabetes
• Limited amounts of sugar or foods containing sugar can be used without affecting blood glucose– when substituted for other
carbohydrates at the meal
• Large amounts of sugar-containing foods are not recommended
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Substituting Sweets
Usual diet: 45 grams Usual diet: 45 grams carbohydrate carbohydrate (or 3 Carbohydrates (or 3 Carbohydrates Choices)Choices)
1 slice bread1/3 cup rice1/2 cup fruit3 ounces chickenVegetable salad
Substitute ice-cream Substitute ice-cream for 15 grams of for 15 grams of carbohydrate carbohydrate (or 1 (or 1 Carbohydrate Choice)Carbohydrate Choice)
1/2 cup ice-cream1/3 cup rice 1/2 cup fruit3 ounces chickenVegetable salad
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Carbohydrate and Diabetes
To observe effect of new food on To observe effect of new food on blood glucose:blood glucose:
• check blood glucose 2 hours after meal for several days
• substitute food containing sugar for other carbohydrate in meal
• check blood glucose 2 hours after meal and compare
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Sweeteners and Diabetes
Sugar alcohols (polyols):sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol• Used as sweeteners and bulking agents• Safe to use• May cause diarrhea, especially in
childrenFructose:• Not recommended as a sweetener
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Sweeteners and Diabetes Low calorie sweeteners:are safe for people with diabetes when consumed within recommended levels
Cans of soda(maximum/day)
Packets(maximum/day)
Acesulfame K 25 18Aspartame 15 86Saccharin 2 7.5Sucralose 4.5 60
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Carbohydrate and Diabetes
Fiber:• Fiber is encouraged for everyone: 20-35 grams/day• Good sources of fiber:
– Whole grain cereals– Fruits– Vegetables– Beans and peas
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Carbohydrate and Diabetes
Fiber:• Only large amounts (50 grams/day)
have shown improvement in blood glucose and cholesterol– Primarily soluble fiber (barley, oatmeal,
beans, apples, broccoli)– Side effects make this difficult for many
people
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Protein and Diabetes
• Protein has very little effect on blood glucose
• Avoid large amounts of protein– may promote kidney disease
• Restrict protein only if you have early kidney disease
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Protein and Diabetes
• Protein does not slow the absorption of carbohydrate– Adding protein to snacks does not
help prevent hypoglycemia – Fruit or crackers are good snack foods
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Protein and Diabetes
• Safety of high protein, low carbohydrate weight loss diets are unknown– do not promote long-term weight loss– may increase LDL cholesterol
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Dietary Fat and Diabetes
• Primary goal - Lower LDL Primary goal - Lower LDL cholesterol by:cholesterol by:–Eating less saturated fat and cholesterol
–Eating less trans fats
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Dietary Fat and Diabetes
Foods That Contain Saturated Fats:• Meat and meat fats (bacon, lard)• Dairy products (whole milk, butter, cheese, cream, ice-cream)• Palm and coconut oil• Baked goods made from these fats
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Dietary Fat and DiabetesFoods That Contain Trans Fats:• Formed when a liquid oil is made
more solid• Found in many types of stick
margarine, fast foods, and baked goods like cookies, crackers, snack foods, pastries and croissants
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Dietary Fat and Diabetes
Foods That Contain Cholesterol:• All animal foods• Organ meats like liver • Egg yolks
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Dietary Fat and Diabetes
• Choose monounsaturated fat in Choose monounsaturated fat in place of saturated:place of saturated:– olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil, olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil,
olives, avocados, nutsolives, avocados, nuts
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Dietary Fat and Diabetes
• Eat less total fat• Low-fat diets can help:
– with weight loss– improve cholesterol and other fats
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Dietary Fat and Diabetes
• Eat 2-3 servings fish per week– contain a type of fat protective
against heart disease– fatty fish especially beneficial
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Weight Loss and Diabetes
A small amount of weight loss can:A small amount of weight loss can:• improve insulin resistance• lower blood glucose• improve blood cholesterol• reduce blood pressure
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Weight Loss and Diabetes
Successful weight loss usually Successful weight loss usually requires:requires:
• a structured weight loss program• education• reduced fat and calories• regular physical activity• frequent follow-up
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Vitamins and Minerals and Diabetes
• Vitamins and minerals from foods important
• High doses of vitamin and mineral supplements can be toxic
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Vitamins and Minerals and Diabetes
People who may benefit from a People who may benefit from a multivitamin supplement:multivitamin supplement:
• persons deficient in a vitamin or mineral
• elderly• pregnant or nursing mothers• strict vegetarians• persons on calorie-restricted diet
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Vitamins and Minerals and Diabetes
• No clear benefit from vitamin and mineral supplements except– calcium for prevention of bone disease– folate for prevention of birth defects
• Use of antioxidants is not advised– vitamin C, E, selenium, beta carotene– long-term safety and effectiveness
unknown
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Alcohol and Diabetes
• If you choose to drink, limit to:– 1 drink/day for women– 2 drinks/day for men
• To reduce risk of hypoglycemia, consume alcohol with food
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High Blood Pressure and Diabetes
You can lower blood pressure by:You can lower blood pressure by:• Eating less salt • Losing a modest amount of weight
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Preventing Diabetes
Family members of people with Type Family members of people with Type 2 diabetes can prevent diabetes 2 diabetes can prevent diabetes by:by:
• Weight loss if overweight– using a structured weight loss program
• Regular physical activity
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The Bottom Line
Your lifestyle affects your healthYour lifestyle affects your health
Eat healthy foods
Daily Physical
Activity