Download - Diatoms Bio1 Camia (7,14,27)
DIATOMS
INTRODUCING ME…
CHARACTERISTICS
Characteristic # 1
Diatoms are…
the most abundant species in AQUATIC/
moist ecosystems
http://www.jm-derochette.be/images/Diatoms/Diatoms_1.jpg
Characteristic # 2
Diatoms are…
Photosynthetic autotrophs
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/16036/enlarge, http://berryberryeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Photoautotrophs.jpg
Azp
eit
ia t
ab
ula
ris
Important:• Fucoxanthin
Characteristic # 3
Diatoms are…
UNICELLULAR PROTISTS/ alga/
phytoplanktonhttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/_C97NrIblNPQ/TTkPj0DIgZI/AAAAAAAAB38/QYLupyEthaw/s640/Diatom007.jpg, http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/botanicalsciences/majordivisions/kingdomprotista/Protists/98258d.jpg
Psammodictyon panduriforme
Characteristic # 4
Diatoms are…
The most beautiful creatures on earth
http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/15909/350wm/B3050211-Diatom_alga,_SEM-SPL.jpg, http://cdn.indulgy.com/78/b3/Q8/210684088788027965687KsAPSc.jpg
Biddulphia tridens
Triceratium sp.
THAT’S WHAT MAKES THEM BEAUTIFUL!
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS
Structural Characteristic # 1
Diatoms have…
Glass-like Cell walls(Frustule)with
silica (siO2)http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/15918/530wm/B3050220-Diatom_alga,_SEM-SPL.jpg
Epitheca
Hypotheca
Functions:• Filtration/ Disinfection• Industry (eg. toothpastes, soap)• Gives them shape (boat-like, rod-like, disk-like, triangle-like)• Gives them color
Stichodiscus sp.
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/GeolSci/micropal/images/diat/diadiag01.gif
Structural Characteristic # 1
Structural Characteristic # 2
Diatoms have…
Chlorophyll-like plastids inside their
cells
http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/chlorophyll/chphyll.gif
Functions:• Photosynthesis• Primary Food Source• Vitamin D Source
Structural Characteristic # 3
Diatoms have…
Oil drops made of sugar & starch and volutin inside their
cells
Functions:• Oil production• Floating• Oil Deposits under the
ocean fuel• Storage of chemical
energy from photosynthesis
• Nitrogen production
Structural Characteristic # 4
Diatoms have…
Pores with patterns on
their frustules
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_C97NrIblNPQ/TTkbPZID0nI/AAAAAAAAB4s/cyjz8FLyF_g/s640/rad_diatoms.jpg
Functions:• Oxygen and Nitrogen Distribution• Exchange of materials
Structural Characteristic # 4
Diatoms have…
NO cilia and flagella
http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/15915/530wm/B3050217-Diatom_alga,_SEM-SPL.jpg
Effects:• Immobility
Aulacodiscus oregonus
Structural Characteristic # 5
Diatoms have…
Different sizes and shapes
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_C97NrIblNPQ/TTkiNLuvrEI/AAAAAAAAB5c/9KwK--vMrG8/s400/Diatom-2.jpg, http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/15921/530wm/B3050223-Diatom_alga,_SEM-SPL.jpg
Types:• Centric• Pennate
Nitzschia reinholdii
Actinocylcus sp.
SOMEWHERE ONLY THEY KNOW
HABITAT
Habitats
Diatoms live in…
http://www.allabouthappylife.com/wallpaper/widescreen_wallpapers/blue_water/blue_ocean-dsc05506.jpg, https://cmsdata.iucn.org/img/freshwater_6352.jpg
Marine Freshwater
Moist/Watery Areas
Habitats
Diatoms live in…
NO cilia and flagella
http://www.scienceclarified.com/images/uesc_04_img0211.jpg
Habitats
http://cornellbiochem.wikispaces.com/file/view/Picture_1.png/139679067/301x313/Picture_1.png
Habitats
NUTRITION
MAKULAY ANG BUHAY SA SINABAWANG GULAY!
Diatoms are…
PHOTOSYNTHETIC
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__xEh1FrhLM, http://mrhartansscienceclass.pbworks.com/f/1328587105/10-20-PhotosynthesisRev-L.gif
Nutrition
REPRODUCTION
I JUST HAD… (BLEEP)!
Asexual Reproduction
The shrinking phase
1. Cell division takes place.2. The two valves (epitheca and hypotheca)
separate.3. Each valve forms an epivalve of the daughter
cell while hypovalves are secreted from the parent cells.
4. This results to one cell being the same size as the parent cell while the other is smaller.
5. This process continues until cells reach about 30%-40% of their original size.
http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/phytoplankton/images/diatom_asexual.jpg
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
The growth phase1. Meiotic Cell division• Formation of eggs and monoflagellated
sperms in the parent cell2. Fertilization• Union of egg and sperm produces auxospore
3. Auxospore/Zygote Formation (Growth Phase)• Splitting of the parent cell while continuing
to grow4. Test Secretion• End of growth phase; new parent cell
develops
Sexual Reproduction
http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/algae/auxospores/auxospore_files/cycle_reproduction.jpg
Reproductive Cycle
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Centric_diatom_life-cycle.jpg/580px-Centric_diatom_life-cycle.jpg
Resting Spores
The inactivity phaseSkeletonema marinoi When: Times of low
nutrients and low sunlight
What: Metabolically inactive spores
How: Stored energy from photosynthetic products & thick and tough cell walls
Where: At the bottom of the oceanhttp://images.sciencedaily.com/2011/03/110301111658-large.jpg
ECOLOGY
I WAS BORN THIS WAY!
Ecological Role # 1
Primary producers
http://oceansjsu.com/images/exped_ecoystems/arctic_marine_food_web_90.jpg
Ecological Role # 2
Important resource
• 20%-25% of the world’s carbon fixation• 40% of the world’s oxygen (in the atmosphere)• Vitamin D• 23% of primary productivity in the world• Oil/Fuel• Silicon (SiO2)
Ecological Role # 3
Nutrient detector
PLANKTON BLOOM – when there is an abundance of nutrients and excessive amount of sunlight in the oceanhttp://oceansjsu.com/images/exer8/plankt1.gif
EXAMPLES
I ’M NEVER CHANGING WHO I AM!
Example # 1
Triceratium moreirae
http://www.scielo.br/img/fbpe/rbbio/v61n1/a20fig6b.gif
Where: (mentioned) Southern BrazilWho: L.F. Fernandes and R.M. Sousa-NosimannWhen: 2001What: 47-61 μm; convex, tripolar valves; elevated with ocellus and rimoportula
Example # 2
Lithodesmium undulatum
http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/15919/530wm/B3050221-Diatom_alga,_SEM-SPL.jpg
Where: warm, temperate seasWho: C.G. EhrenbergWhen: 1839What: 37-93 μm; marginal ridge with clear pattern of perforation; undulated sides; ‘wavy’
Example # 3
Baceteriastrum delicatulum
http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/15931/large/B3050233-Diatom_alga,_SEM-SPL.jpg
Where: (mentioned) Mexico, Lebanon, UK,Red SeaWho: CleveWhen: 1897What: 20-40 μm; circular valves with bristles; ‘spider-like’
Sources
Becker, J. (1996). Diatom Reproduction. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute: http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/diatoms/john/basics/repro.htmBiggs, A., Kapicka, C., & Lundgren, L. (1995). Biology: The Dynamics of Life. Ohio: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill.Braby, C. E. (2001). Diatoms. Retrieved October 27, 2012, from Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute: http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/phytoplankton/phytoplankton_diatoms.htmBraby, C. E. (2001). Diatoms Asexual Reproduction. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute: http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/phytoplankton/phytoplankton_diatom_asexual.HTM
http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/diatoms/jennifer/scan11.jpg
Sources
Cuvelier, D. (2005, July 8). Bacteriastrum delicatulum Cleve, 189. Retrieved October 27, 2012, from World Register of Marine Species: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1641
08Essenfield, B., Gontang, C., & Moore, R. (1996). Biology, 2nd Edition. US: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.Fernandes, L., & de Souza-Mosimann, R. (2005, May 22). Triceratium moreirae Sp Nov And Triceratium dubium Triceratiaceae Bacillariophy. Retrieved October 27, 2012, from Biblioteca: http://biblioteca.universia.net/html_bura/ficha/params/title/triceratium-moreirae-sp-nov-and-triceratium-dubium-triceratiaceae-bacillariophyta-from/id/272002.html
http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/diatoms/jennifer/scan11.jpg
Sources
Frazer, & Jennifer. (2010, March 28). Diatoms, or The Trouble With Life in Glass Houses. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from The Artful Amoeba: http://theartfulamoeba.com/2010/03/28/diatoms-or- the-trouble-with-life-in-glass-houses/Guiry, M. (2004, October 11). Triceratium moreirae. Retrieved October 27, 2012, from Seaweed Africa: http://www.seaweedafrica.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=140330Guiry, M., & Guiry, G. (2002, April 23). Species Detail. Retrieved October 27, 2012, from Algaebase: http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=38373Kaskel, A., Hummer, P. J., & Daniel, L. (1992). Biology: An Everyday Experience. USA: Merrill Publishing Company.
http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/diatoms/jennifer/scan11.jpg
Sources
Kuylenstierna, M., & Karlson, B. (2006, September 15). Lithodesmium undulatum. Retrieved October 27, 2012, from SMHI: http://www.smhi.se/oceanografi/oce_info_data/plankton_checklist/diatoms/lithodesmium_undulatum.htmLife XMU. (n.d.). Centric & Pennate template. Retrieved October 27, 2012, from Life XMU: http://life.xmu.edu.cn/diatom/diatomphoto/Centric%20diatoms/htmldir/0000008e.htmMiller, K., & Levine, J. (2008). Biology: the Dragonfly Book. US: Prentice Hall.Oktar, A. (2011, April 1). The Microscopic living being that forms the oil fields: Diatom. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from Harun Yahya: http://harunyahya.com/en/works/40358/the-microscopic-living-being-that
http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/diatoms/jennifer/scan11.jpg
Sources
Pece. (2011, January 20). PSYCHEDELIC DIATOMS. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from Predict Weather @ Blogspot: http://predictweather.blogspot.com/2011/01/psychedelic-diatoms.htmlPrescott, L. M., Harley, J., & Klein, D. (2005). Microbiology. New York: McGraw-Hill.Science Photo Library. (n.d.). Jewels of the Sea. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from Science Photo Library: http://www.sciencephoto.com/set/1277/jewels-of-the-seaSeeberg-Elverfeldt, I. A. (2004). Laminated diatomaceous sediments of the Red Sea, their composition and significance as recorders of abrupt changes in productivity and circulation during the Late Quaternary. Bremen, Germany.
http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/diatoms/jennifer/scan11.jpg
Sources
Shin, J. (1999). Intro to Diatoms. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute: http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/diatoms/jennifer/introa.htm
* Photo sources are inserted in the slides.
http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/diatoms/jennifer/scan11.jpg