Download - Diaphragm Wall Construction Work
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Diaphragm Wall Work forDiaphragm Wall Work for
the Proposed Residential Developmentthe Proposed Residential Development
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Project DescriptionProject Description
Approximate Value: HK$214M
Contract Duration: 390 days
Commencement Date : 03 May 2010
Completion Date: 27 May 2011
Client: Sino Group / Hopewell Holdings
Ltd. / URA
Consultant: CM Wong
Main Contractor: Gammon Construction Ltd
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IntroductionIntroduction
Diaphragm Wall is generally reinforced concrete
wall constructed in the ground using under slurry
technique which was developed in Europe. e tec nique invo ves excavating a narrow trenc
that is kept full of an engineered fluid (Bentonite) of
slurry.
Walls of thickness between 300 and 1200 mm can
be formed in this way up to a depth of 45 meters.
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Advantage of Diaphragm WallAdvantage of Diaphragm Wall
Diaphragm walls are underground structural
elements commonly used as retention systems and
permanent foundation walls. They can also be used
as groundwater barriers. The primary advantage of
a diaphragm wall over a secant wall is the reduced
number of joints in the wall which ultimately
improves the walls water tightness. Diaphragm walls
tend to be used for retaining very deep excavations
as they can be designed to take very high structural
loads.
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Conceptual sketch showing the RCC Diaphragm WallConceptual sketch showing the RCC Diaphragm Wall
Excavation of
Panel
Installation of
Rebar Cage
Concreting
of Panel
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Project DescriptionProject Description
Scope of Work:Scope of Work:
Bored Piles WorkBored Piles Work
Diaphragm Wall WorkDiaphragm Wall Work
Utilities DiversionUtilities Diversion
Hoarding ModificationHoarding Modification
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Project Description (Diaphragm Wall Work)Project Description (Diaphragm Wall Work)
Total LengthTotal Length : 420m (approximate): 420m (approximate)
ThicknessThickness : 800mm, 1000mm and 1200mm: 800mm, 1000mm and 1200mm
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Construction SequenceConstruction Sequence
Grout Curtain WallGrout Curtain Wall
Near Historical BuildingNear Historical Building
Diaphragm Wall ConstructionDiaphragm Wall Construction
Contact Grout (for Load Bearing Panels only)Contact Grout (for Load Bearing Panels only)
Shear Pin InstallationShear Pin Installation
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Grout Curtain WallGrout Curtain Wall
Near Historical BuildingNear Historical Building
TubeTube--AA--Manchettes (TAM) Grouting MethodManchettes (TAM) Grouting Method
Spacing @ 1.5 c / c down to rockhead /Spacing @ 1.5 c / c down to rockhead / --40mPD40mPD
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Grout Curtain WallGrout Curtain Wall
Carry out in Rises from the bottom upCarry out in Rises from the bottom up
to Exiting Ground Levelto Exiting Ground Level
Grout in 2 stagesGrout in 2 stages
BentoniteBentonite -- Cement GroutCement Grout
Chemical GroutChemical Grout
(Solution A + Solution B)(Solution A + Solution B)
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Diaphragm Wall ConstructionDiaphragm Wall Construction
Total LengthTotal Length :: 420m (approximate)420m (approximate)
ThicknessThickness :: 800mm, 1000mm and 1200mm800mm, 1000mm and 1200mm
Total PanelTotal Panel : 83no.s: 83no.s
Normally construction period :Normally construction period :
around 7 ~ 10 days for eacharound 7 ~ 10 days for each
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Diaphragm Wall ConstructionDiaphragm Wall Construction
Wall ThicknessWall Thickness 800mm, 1000mm and 1200mm800mm, 1000mm and 1200mm
Type of DType of D--Wall PanelWall Panel Load Bearing Panel /Load Bearing Panel /
NonNon--Loading Bearing PanelLoading Bearing Panel
Panel DepthPanel Depth Type 1:Type 1: --1212 mPDmPD
Type 2:Type 2: --2020 mPDmPD
Type 3:Type 3: --2727 mPDmPD
Type 4:Type 4:-- 2525 mPDmPD
500mm key500mm key--in into Bedrockin into Bedrock
(Grade III/IV)(Grade III/IV)
non-loadbearing
load /non-loadbearing
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Elevation View AElevation View A
VIEW AVIEW A
+5.0+5.0
+0.0+0.0
--5.05.0
--10.010.0
--15.015.0
--20.020.0
--25.025.0
--30.030.0
Grade III / IVGrade III / IV
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Elevation View BElevation View BVIEW BVIEW B
+5.0+5.0
+0.0+0.0
--5.05.0
--10.010.0
--15.015.0
--20.020.0
--25.025.0
--30.030.0
--35.035.0
--40.040.0
--45.045.0
--50.050.0
--55.055.0
Grade III / IVGrade III / IV
SoilSoil
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Elevation View CElevation View C
VIEW CVIEW C
+5.0+5.0
+0.0+0.0
--5.05.0
--10.010.0
--15.015.0
--20.020.0
--25.025.0
--30.030.0
--35.035.0
--40.040.0
--45.045.0
--50.050.0
--55.055.0 Grade III / IVGrade III / IV
SoilSoil
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Guide Wall ConstructionGuide Wall Construction
EnsureEnsure TrenchTrench ExcavationExcavation RemainsRemains withinwithin AllowableAllowable ToleranceTolerance
SupportSupport ReinforcementReinforcement Cages,Cages, TremieTremie PipesPipes andand OtherOther EquipmentEquipment
MaintainMaintain BentoniteBentonite MudMud LevelLevel
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Diaphragm Wall ExcavationDiaphragm Wall Excavation
UsingUsing ClamshellClamshell toto ExcavateExcavate SoilSoil
DifferentDifferent ThicknessThickness toto SuitSuit DD--WallWall ThicknessThickness
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Diaphragm Wall ExcavationDiaphragm Wall Excavation
HydromillHydromill
UsingUsing CutterCutter forfor ExcavationExcavation
AdjustableAdjustable CutterCutter ThicknessThickness toto
SuitSuit DD--WallWall ThicknessThickness
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Diaphragm Wall ExcavationDiaphragm Wall Excavation
ControlledControlled ChiselingChiseling forfor RockRock SocketSocket
andand RemovalRemoval ofof ObstructionsObstructions
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Joint CleanerJoint Cleaner
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Stopend and Waterstop InstallationStopend and Waterstop Installation
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RemoveRemove SoilSoil DebrisDebris ininthethe returnedreturned BentoniteBentonite
DesandingDesanding
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LapLap Length,Length, StartersStarters //CouplersCouplers LocationLocation AreAreClearlyClearly MarkedMarked onon SteelSteelCagesCages
StartersStarters // CouplersCouplers AreAre
Steel Cage InstallationSteel Cage Installation
ConnectionConnection ofof SteelSteel
CagesCages byby UU--boltsbolts
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PouringPouring ConcreteConcrete toto CompleteCompletethethe PanelPanel byby TremieTremie MethodMethod
Concreting of PanelConcreting of Panel
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Typical Panel ArrangementTypical Panel Arrangement
WATER
STOP
STOP
END
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Construction SequenceConstruction Sequence
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Construction SequenceConstruction Sequence
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Contact GroutContact Grout
CarriedCarried outout forfor LoadingLoading PanelPanel OnlyOnly
DrillDrill ThroughThrough ReservationReservation TubeTube toto aa
DepthDepth 11mm belowbelow ToeToe ofof DD--WallWall
CarryCarry outout ContactContact GroutGrout toto ProvideProvide
GoodGood ContactContact betweenbetween DD--WallWall //
BedrockBedrock
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Shear Pin InstallationShear Pin Installation
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Provision of Shear PinProvision of Shear Pin
RockheadRockhead wouldwould bebe encounteredencountered atatmuchmuch shallowershallower depths,depths, AsAs such,such, duedue totothethe difficultiesdifficulties forfor excavationexcavation intointo rockrockforfor thethe constructionconstruction ofof diaphragmdiaphragm wall,wall,
shearshear pinpin isis adoptedadopted asas anan extensionextension ofofap ragmap ragm wawa n on o e roce roc en anceen ance
thethe toetoe stabilitystability ofof thethe DD--wallwall..
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Inspection and TestInspection and Test
Tests and Inspections Acceptance Criteria Frequency Method of Inspection
Setting Out D-Wall thickness +/-50mm Every Panel Surveying
D-Wall Rockhead Level As stated in drawing Every Panel Visual Inspection
D-Wall Toe Level As stated in drawing Every Panel Measuring tap
Fabrication of Steel Cage As stated in drawing Every Cage Measurement
Verticality Test 1:80 Every Panel Lowering of Chisel
Bentonite Testing Stated in drawing - Stated in drawing
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Verticality ControlVerticality Control
LoweringLowering ChiselChisel
inin DD--WallWall TrenchTrench
forfor CheckingChecking
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Testing of BentoniteTesting of Bentonite
Property to be Measure Test Method & Apparatus Fresh Bentonite Prior to Concreting Re-use
Density (g/ml) Mud Balance 1.01 to 1.03
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Monitoring (Bentonite Slurry Level)Monitoring (Bentonite Slurry Level)
ImmediateImmediate LossLoss ofof BentoniteBentonite SlurrySlurry duringduring ExcavationExcavation
PossiblePossible ResultResult inin TrenchTrench StabilityStability
TrenchTrench toto bebe ImmediatelyImmediately BackfilledBackfilled withwith ExcavatedExcavated SoilSoil
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Monitoring (Alert / Alarm / Action Level)Monitoring (Alert / Alarm / Action Level)
Alert Level Alarm Level Action Level
Ground Settlement Check Point (Sensitive) 5mm 8mm 12mm
Ground Settlement Check Point (General) 15mm 20mm 25mm
Buildin Settlement Check Point Sensitive 5mm 7mm 10mm
Building Settlement Check Point (General) 8mm 10mm 15
Vibration Check Point 3mm/s 5mm/s 7.5mm/s
Piezometer - 0.4m drop 0.5m drop
Tilting 1:1000 1:750 1:500
Water Main Check Point 10mm 15mm 20mm
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Sonic Logging TestSonic Logging Test
TheThe SonicSonic LoggingLogging TestTest cancan bebe thethe mostmost suitablesuitable methodmethod toto detectdetect thetheconcreteconcrete defectsdefects ofof thethe diaphragmdiaphragm wall,wall, suchsuch asas honeycombinghoneycombing duedue totoinadequateinadequate vibration,vibration, segregationsegregation duedue toto overover vibrationvibration andand improperimproperconcreteconcrete placementplacement method,method, washwash outout ofof cement,cement, crackscracks inin thethe wallwall..Therefore,Therefore, efforteffort mustmust bebe takentaken toto ensureensure eacheach wallwall buildbuild upup onon sitesite toto bebefreefree fromfrom anyany kindkind ofof defectsdefects duringduring thethe constructionconstruction..
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Interface Coring TestInterface Coring Test
TheThe purposepurpose ofof thethe testtest isis toto verifyverify thetheinterfaceinterface conditioncondition ofof thethe concreteconcrete andandbedrockbedrock..
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Daily Progress Report for Monitoring ofDaily Progress Report for Monitoring of
Diaphragm wallDiaphragm wall
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Daily Progress Report for Monitoring ofDaily Progress Report for Monitoring of
Diaphragm wallDiaphragm wall
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Thank YouThank You