Download - Diabetes Mellitus Lora Stowitzky
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Diabetes MellitusLora Stowitzky
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Statistics
Affects 23.6 million people in the U.S.
- Diagnosed: 17.9 million people
- Undiagnosed: 5.7 million people
7th leading cause of death in the U.S
(2006)
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What is Diabetes?
A chronic disease in which the body can not properly use or make insulin.
Insulin- a hormone made in the pancrease that turns sugar (glucose) into energy for the body to use
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What happens without insulin?
Lack of insulin
Build up of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia)
Symptoms of Diabetes
Mellitus
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Symptoms
Frequent urination Excessive thirst Extreme hunger
- Cells are starved for energy Unexplained weight loss
- Insulin can not trigger the storage of fat Fatigue Delayed wound healing
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Type I Diabetes Mellitus Juvenile diabetes Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Autoimmune disorder The body destroys the cells that
make the insulin Thus, the body can no longer
produce insulin
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Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Usually diagnosed in children & young adults ( <30 years old)
5-10% of diabetics
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Type I Diabetes Mellitus
RISK factors:
- Genetics
- Autoimmune history
Type I is not preventable
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Type I Treatment
Glucose monitoring often Insulin injections Exercise Diet Follow up with doctor Educate yourself!
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Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
Body makes insulin but most cells do not use insulin properly
Insulin resistance Slowly, the pancreas stops making
insulin.
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Type II Diabetes Mellitus
90-95 % of diabetics RISK factors
- Older age
- Family history
- Obesity
- Physical Inactivity
- Race and Ethnicity
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Type II Risk Factors
Obesity & Inactivity
- Studies find a relationship between
weight/activity level and Type II
- Seeing an increase in Type II
diabetes in children
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Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Race & Ethnicity
- African Americans
- Hispanic/Latino Americans
- American Indians
- Asian Americans
- Pacific Islanders
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Type II Prevention
If have risk factors, prevent or delay the onset of Type II…
- Healthy diet
- Moderately intense exercise
(walking 2 1/2 hours each week)
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Type II Treatment
Goal: Control blood sugar (glucose)
- Glucose monitoring often
- Oral medicine / Insulin injections
- Diet
- Exercise / Weight management
- Follow up with doctor
- Educate yourself!
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Diet - Carb Counting
Carbohydrates raise blood glucose levels
Keep track of how many carbs you eat and set a limit for yourself
Limit depends on your activity level and medications
Talk to your doctor!
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Diet - Create your plate
Divide plate into 3 sections
- Large section - non-starch veggies
(spinach, cabbage, mushrooms)
- Small section - starch
(potatoes, whole grain breads)
- Small section - meat
(turkey, tuna, lean pork)
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Diet - Individualized
No one diet is appropriate for every diabetic person
Work with your doctor to come up with a diet that is right for your situation
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Complications of Diabetes
Heart disease Blindness Kidney damage Diabetic neuropathy / nerve damage
Prevent complications by managing your glucose level, diet, and activity!
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Diabetes Awareness
November is American Diabetes Month
November 14 is World Diabetes Day
For more information:
www.cdc.gov
www.diabetes.org
www.ndep.nih.gov
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Websites
http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/consumer/index.htm
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/diabetes/article_em.htm#Diabetes%20Overview
http://www.diabetes.org/