Download - Diabetes
What is diabetes?Defect in the body’s ability to convert glucose to
energy.Glucose is the main source of fuel for our body.Digested food is changed into, fats, proteins, or
carbohydrates.Food affecting body sugar are called, carbohydrates.
• Carbohydrates->digested-> change to glucose• Examples of carbohydrates;• Bread• Rice• Pasta• Potatoes• Corn• Fruit• Milk products
• The changed glucose is transferred to the blood• Cells use it for energy
• However, glucose needs a hormone to be transferred from blood to cells.
• The hormone is called, Insulin• Pancreas produces insulin.
Individual Diabetes• In most common diabetes, the process glucose-
>blood->by insulin->cells, is impaired.• Pancreas fails to produce insulin (or a sufficient
amount.)• Diabetes Develops
Two Main Types Of DiabetesType 1 diabetes
• Occurs mostly in;• Children• Adults• (any age)
• 5-10% of all diabetes • Maybe, a genetic
component (yet to be identified.)
Type 2 Diabetes• Occurs mostly in;• Adults• Recently developing in
children• More Common• 90-95% of all diabetes• Correlation;• Physical inactivity• Obesity
What are the symptoms of diabetes?• If you have more than one of these symptoms;
ask doctor!!!• Blurred Vision• Slow-Healing cuts• Erectile Dysfunction• Unusual Thirst• Unexplained tiredness• Numbness or tingling in hands or feet• Frequent urination• Rapid weight loss
• Type 1- Symptoms shown• Type 2- Symptoms are insidious
How is diabetes diagnosed?• Blood test• Measuring blood glucose level
• Repeated test on subsequent days• Types of test• an A1C test, also called the hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c, or
glycohemoglobin test• a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test• an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
• Not all test recommended. (different test for different type diabetes, or symptoms.)
Diabetes?! What should I do?• Referral to a certified diabetes educator or
dietician• Obtain prescription for a glucometer and testing
supplies• Life style changes;• Exercise program• Healthy food choices• Increase fiber intake• Decrease portion size• Limit concentrated sweets• Test blood sugar at varying times of the day
Treatment for diabetesNo “cure” yet!
BUT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!We can keep it under control!
Type 1 diabetes
• Requires insulin• Inject insulin• Helps replace missing
insulin in the body• Balance insulin with• Food intake• Physical activity
Type 2 diabetes• Varies dependent on blood
sugar levels• Change lifestyle• Loose weight• Changing certain food• Exercise program• Treatment might change
over time• Eventually start on injected
insulin• See doctor within 3-6 months
as advised
Working with the doctorYearly• Complete exams
• Physical• Foot• Creatinine• Cholesterol• Triglycerides• Urine micro albumin• Dilated eye exam
Every 3-6 months• A1C• Dental examEach Doctor Visit• Weight and blood
pressure• Review medications• Life style changes• Changes necessary in
the future• Review problems
HI! Had your apple today?