Download - Developmental Psychology
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DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGYR O M A N T I C L O V E & A T TA C H M E N T, P A R E N T I N G S T Y L E S , E G O C E N T R I S M , A N D C U L T U R A L D I V E R S I T Y A N D D E V E L O P M E N T
By Nicole Banting, Samaia Paler, Simran Asere
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ROMANTIC LO
VE ♥
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ROMANTIC LOVE AND ATTACHMENT
• The attachment of infants towards their parents may have an effect on their adult romantic relationships
• Remember that the correlation between infant attachment and romantic love style do NOT suggest causation
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• Have trouble trusting others
• Avoid intimacy• Rarely report
finding “true love”
AVOIDANT INFANTS ADULTS
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• Tend to be possessive
• Emotionally demanding towards their partners
• Fear their intense love will not be returned
ANXIOUS/AMBIVALENT INFANTS ADULTS
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• Closer to others
• Find others more trustworthy
• Most desired partner
• Foster long-term relationships
SECURELY ATTACHED INFANTS ADULTS
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PARENTI
NG STY
LES
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4 DIFFERENT PARENTING STYLES
(BAUMRIND’S RESEARCH)1. Permissive-Neglectful (cw)
2. Permissive- Indulgent (cW)
3. Authoritarian (Cw)
4. Authoritative (CW)
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PERMISSIVE-NEGLECTFUL“I don’t care about you—or what you do.”
• Low control, low warmth• Parents are not demanding and show
rejection
Results:o poor social skillso little self-control
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“I care about you—and you are free to do whatever you want.”
PERMISSIVE-INDULGENT
• Low control, high warmth
• Parents do not discipline enough, yet are caring and connected with their child
Results:o immature
o disrespectfulo out of control
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AUTHORITARIAN“I don’t care what you want. Just do it my
way, or else!”
• High control, low warmth
• Parents are strict but don’t care about their child
Results:o easily upseto moodyo aggressiveo fails to learn communications skills
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AUTHORITATIVE“I really care about you, but there are rules
and you need to be responsible.”
• High control, high warmth
• Parents set firm limits on their child, and are emotionally supportive and caring at the same time
Results:o self-relianto contento self-controlledo goal oriented
o high achievingo friendlyo emotionally well adjustedo socially competent
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3 MAJO
R ASPEC
TS T
HAT
AFFEC
T BAUM
RIND’S
RESEA
RCH
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CHILD TEMPERAMENT
• Chosen styles depend on child’s temperament and reactions to parental efforts
Example:
The Authoritative style is chosen
for a child that is already mature
and competent
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CHILD EXPECTATIONS
• Chosen styles depend on the child’s expectations of how their parent should behave
Example:Korean parents show strong control but they
are perceived as a sign of love
VS
Strong control in America would be perceived as rejection
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PARENTAL WARMTH
• The degree of warmth parents feel VS the degree of rejection parents feel
Example:Neglectful parents correlate
with hostile, aggressive children
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• The father’s role in child care used to be largely ignored
• Children do best with authoritative dads
• Fathers are just as responsive, nurturing, and competent as mothers
FATHER VS MOTHER PARENTING
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EGOCENTRIC
THIN
KING
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• Thinking only of yourself without considering the rights, needs, or point of view of others
Ex. Childhood egocentrism – a little boy unwilling to share his toys
Adolescent egocentrism – a teenager refuses to go to school because of the zit on her face
WHAT IS EGOCENTRIC THINKING?
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STANDARDS IN EGOCENTRIC THINKING
1.Innate Egocentrism
2.Innate Sociocentrism
3.Innate Wish-fulfillment
4.Innate Self- Validation
5.Innate Selfishness
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• Assuming personal beliefs are true without questioning the basis of those beliefs
INNATE EGOCENTRISM“It’s true because I believe it!”
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• Assuming beliefs within groups are true without questioning it
INNATE SOCIOCENTRISM“It’s true because we believe it!”
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• Believing whatever supports your beliefs and puts you in a positive light without considering the evidence
INNATE WISH-FULFILLMENT“Its true because I want to believe it!”
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INNATE SELF-VALIDATION
• Desire to maintain long-held beliefs without examining if those beliefs are justified
“It’s true because I have always believed it!”
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• Clinging to beliefs that give you personal advantages even if there is no evidence for those beliefs
INNATE SELFISHNESS“It’s true because it’s in my selfish interest to believe it!”
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CULTURAL
PSYC
HOLOGY’
S FOUR
MAIN G
UIDELIN
ES FOR
DEVELOPM
ENT
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• You can tell how most likely a child will develop by their culture
• Children who grow up in a more individualistic culture like North America will be more rebellious and competitive
• In a more collectivist culture like Africa they are more likely to be respectful and cooperative
1. CULTURE MAY BE THE MOST IMPORTANT DETERMINANT OF
DEVELOPMENT
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2. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CANNOT BE STUDIED OUTSIDE ITS SOCIOCULTURAL
CONTEXT
• Different places have different views on authoritative figures
• Researchers in child development believe that children should only be studied within their developmental niche
Developmental niche has three components: The physical/social contexts in the child’s life The culture and educational practices The psychological characteristics of parents
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• Each culture has a set of ideas and beliefs (ethnotheories)
• Ex. Specific cultures have different beliefs on how a child should be trained
3. EACH CULTURE’S ETHNOTHEORIES ARE IMPORTANT DETERMINANTS OF BEHAVIOUR
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• Culture consists of ideals, values, and assumptions that guide specific behaviours
4. CULTURE IS LARGELY INVISIBLE TO ITS PARTICIPANTS