![Page 1: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning
Gloria Maccow, Ph.D.Gloria Maccow, Ph.D.Assessment Training ConsultantAssessment Training Consultant
![Page 2: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Objectives
• Describe the top ten predictors for identifying children at risk for learning difficulties.
• Describe the use of assessment data to identify needed intervention and support.
![Page 3: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors
______________________________ ______________________________
______________________________ ______________________________
______________________________ ______________________________
______________________________ ______________________________
______________________________ ______________________________
![Page 4: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Essential Foundational Skills
Success in Kindergarten requires– pre-academic skills,– social-emotional, and – behavioral competencies.
![Page 5: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors
Extremely restless and easily distracted.
Difficulties following directions or routines.
Difficulties interacting with peers.
Clumsy (gross and/or fine motor skills.)
Poor articulation.
Slow vocabulary growth.
Talked late compared to peers.
Poor phonological awareness skills.
Poor letter-naming ability.
Difficulty naming known objects quickly.
![Page 6: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Behavioral Competence
. . . higher levels of self-control and lower levels of acting out among young children predict their academic performance in first grade, over and above their cognitive skills and family backgrounds.
Raver & Knitzer, 2002
![Page 7: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Oral Language: Critical to Reading
Reading and writing float on a sea of talk.J. Britton (Quoted by Lance Gentile)
![Page 8: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Oral Language: Critical to Reading
Children learn word meanings through conversations with other people.
– They often hear adults repeat words and use new and interesting words.
– The more words they hear, the more word meanings they learn.
(National Reading Panel Report, 2000)
![Page 9: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Language Differences
At 11At 11--18 months of age18 months of age
Children in poverty—heard 250,000 wordsper year
Children in homes of professionals—heard 4 million words per year
Hart & Risley (2002)
![Page 10: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Use This Assessment to Determine
the Strengths and Needs of
Children Ages 2:6 Through 5:11.
![Page 11: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
DIAL-4 Quick Facts
Individually administered developmental screening test designed to identify young children in need of further diagnostic assessment
– Appropriate for children ages 2:6 through 5:11
– Administration Time 30 to 45 minutes– English and Spanish versions
![Page 12: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
DIAL-4 Quick Facts
Screens in five areas in both the English and Spanish versions
– Motor – Concepts– Language
– Self-Help Development– Social–Emotional
Development
Performance-based measures
Ratings based on teacher/caregiver observation
![Page 13: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
DIAL-4 Quick Facts
• Each performance area provides a rating scale of psychosocial behaviors that must be observed during the screening to help determine if the child is in need of further assessment in that domain (Behavioral Observations).
• The Speed DIAL-4 contains a subset of items from the DIAL-4 test that can be administered in approximately 20 minutes.
![Page 14: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Stations Approach to Testing A Unique Feature of the DIAL-4
![Page 15: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Using the Screening Area
![Page 16: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
DIAL-4 Components
![Page 17: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Parent Questionnaire
Self-Help Development
Social-Emotional Development
[Overall Development]
![Page 18: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Teacher Questionnaire
Self-Help Development
Social-Emotional Development
[Overall Development]
![Page 19: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Speed DIAL-4
10 Core items from Motor, Concepts, and Language areas.
![Page 20: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Speed DIAL-4
![Page 21: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
DIAL-4 Kit English and Spanish
![Page 22: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Motor Area
![Page 23: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Motor Area Items1. Throwing2. Stand, Hop, and Skip
Standing on One Leg, Hopping, Skipping3. Building
Tall Tower, Bridge, Pyramid4. Thumbs and Fingers
Wiggling Thumbs, Twiddling Thumbs, Touching Fingers to Thumbs
5. CuttingStraight Line, Curved Line, Dinosaur
6. Copying7. Writing Name
Behavioral Observations and Intelligibility
![Page 24: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Concepts Area
![Page 25: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Concepts Area Items1. Body Parts2. Colors3. Rapid Object Naming
Object Identification, Rapid Naming4. Rote Counting
Counting Forward, Counting Backward, Number Identification
5. Meaningful CountingCounting Blocks, Number Relationships
6. Concepts7. Shapes
Identifying Shapes, Sorting by Shape, Sorting by Color and Size
Behavioral Observations and Intelligibility
![Page 26: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Language Area
![Page 27: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Language Area Items
1. Personal Information2. Articulation3. Objects and Actions
Objects and Actions (Expressive), Objects and Actions (Receptive)
4. Letters and SoundsAlphabet Song, Letter Naming, Letter–Sound Correspondence
5. Rhyming (English only) and I Spy6. Problem Solving
Behavioral Observations and Intelligibility
![Page 28: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Speed DIAL-4 Items
1. Stand, Hop, and SkipStanding on One Leg, Hopping, Skipping
2. Body Parts3. Rapid Object Naming
Object Identification, Rapid Naming4. Colors5. Meaningful Counting
Counting Blocks, Number Relationships6. Articulation7. Actions8. Letters and Sounds
Alphabet Song, Letter Naming, Letter–Sound Correspondence9. Problem Solving10. Copying
![Page 29: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
What do the Data Mean?
![Page 30: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
![Page 31: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Making a Decision (Potential Delay or OK)
![Page 32: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Selecting a Cutoff
Percent (%)Standard Deviation (SD)
below the mean
16 1
10 1.3
7 1.5
5 1.7
2 2
![Page 33: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Potential Delay or OK?Performance Area Standard Score
Motor 85Concepts 77
Language 75
![Page 34: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Potential Delay or OK?Performance Area Standard Score
Motor 71Concepts 68
Language 65
![Page 35: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors
Extremely restless and easily distracted.
Difficulties following directions or routines.
Difficulties interacting with peers.
Clumsy (gross and/or fine motor).
Poor articulation.
Slow vocabulary growth.
Talked late compared to peers.
Poor phonological awareness skills.
Poor letter-naming ability.
Difficulty naming known objects quickly.
![Page 36: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
When We Understand the Strengths and Needs of Young Children, We Are Able to Provide the Early
Intervention and Support That Will Allow Every Child to Develop Academic, Behavioral, and Social
Competence.
![Page 37: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37 | Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved.
References
Gentile, L. (2003). The Oral Language Acquisition Inventory & The Oracy Instructional Guide. Minneapolis, MN: Pearson.
Hart, B., & Risley, T. (2002). Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experience of Young American Children. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
National Reading Panel (2000). Put Reading First. www.nationalreadingpanel.org.
Raver, C. C. & Knitzer, J. (2002). Ready to Enter: What research tells policymakers about strategies to promote social and emotional school readiness among three- and four-year-old children. New York, NY: National Center for Children in Poverty, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health.
![Page 38: Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning€¦ · Identifying Young Children at Risk: Top 10 Predictors Extremely restless and easily distracted. Difficulties following](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071009/5fc6bd690be5d50caf5c544c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Customer ServiceCustomer Service1-800-627-7271 (USA)
1-866-335-8418 (Canada)
WebinarWebinar--Specific QuestionsSpecific QuestionsGloria Maccow, Ph.D.
[email protected] 724-766-7692
www.psychcorp.com