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By Aroua Taamallah and Dr. Maha Khemaja
TEEM 2014, Salamanca, Spain,1-‐3 Octobre 2014
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§ Introduction ü Purpose ü Internet of things ü e-Learning standards
§ State of the Art § Challenges to overcome § Proposal § A Use case for validation § Conclusions
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} Our purpose is to use physical objects in learning processes
} IoT and learning environments could be the enabling technologies
} Internet of things and e-Learning are two different domains based on several different standards
} Is it possible to combine IoT and e-Learning standards as IMS LD and xAPI?
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} A paradigm introduced by Kevin Ashton in 1999 } Related to ubiquitous computing } Used to connect a physical objet to the Internet
Figure 1: Internet of things
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IMS Learning Design (IMS LD): } is a specification developed by IMS GLC (IMS Global
Learning Consortium) in 2003 } enables a formal description of learning processes.
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eXperience API (xAPI) } is a specification that enables tracking of learning experiences } It is based on an LRS (Learning Record Store)
ü Is a repository ü Allows to collect one’s learner data from any physical or digital
learning environment. ü Stores data in learning statements formats.
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Works xAPI IMS LD IdO Applica6on Domain Smart Objects Interaction types with
objects [Gómez, et al.,
2013] -‐ -‐ + Experimentation
Laboratory
Tablet, PC, QR CODE and R F I D Ta g s , Mobile phones
Object - Object Human- object
[Chin, J., & Callaghan, V. 2013]
-‐ -‐ + Living Lab S e n s o r s , R F I D t a g s , Bozz-Board- Smart -Boxes
Human- object
[Domingo, M.
C. ,2012] -‐ -‐ + School primary R F I D Embedded into books
Human- object
[Borrego-Jaraba et al.,2013] -‐ Level A + University
Library RFID tags embedded into mobile phones
Human- object
[Anasol et al.,2012] -‐ Level A + Mixed Reality
xReality objects Virtual objects, Buzz-board
Human- object
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} There is a strong requirement to use standards that: ü Support a range of pedagogical scenarios in a
formal way. ü Adapt these scenarios based on learners’ tracked
experiences.
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} Three aspects: 1. Extending the IMS LD with IoT 2. Using xAPI specification to keep tracks of the learners’
experiences 3. Adapting the learning scenarios based on historical information.
Heterogeneity of the standards prevent the combination
to take effect } We need a unified and semantic language to overcome those
drawbacks } Ontologies are considered as a promising solution
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} Contains IMS LD specification’s main concepts, and their metadata ü Describes formally, explicitly learning scenario.
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} IMS LD extension provides three kinds of extensions : ü Extending a learning environment with smart objects ü Extending learning objects with physical learning objects (PLO) ü Extending learner’s activities with physical activities : interaction
with physical objects
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} IoT model illustrates the IMS LD extension which ü includes smart objects into physical learning environment ü describes semantically the smart objects ’ profiles.
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} xAPI model ü provides xAPI specification concepts ü tracks learner’s learning experiences
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IoT concepts IMS LD concepts xAPI concepts
Learner Learner Actor
AcKvity Verb
Smart Learning Object Learning Object Object
Service Service
Outcome Result
Environment Context
Staff
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} Michael, a computer science student } Proposed Unit Of Learning : Distinguishing between computer building blocks and understanding their functionalities } Used components: ◦ Computer components (MotherBoard, RAM memory…) ◦ Mobile devices equipped with NFC modules ◦ Augmented objects with NFC tags
} Learning activities: Touching IoT components, doing an evaluation task…
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} Instantiation of IMS LD and IoT ontologies allows describing formally the scenario } Contextual data is therefore captured
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} Example 1: illustrates the list of subjects and objects related with has friend property :
} It is used to express the relationship between smart objects
Example2: illustrates historical xAPI data
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} Example3 : illustrates an adaptation rule : } When Michael do not understand a component and its
functionalities, he sends a message using his Smartphone R1 to augmented objects.
} Augmented objects send hyperlink for course explanation
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Our aim was to: } 1) use e-Learning standards with smart objects to design complex
learning scenarios } 2) keep track of the learner’s learning experience. } We have used ontologies to: } 1)grant interoperability between standards } 2)provide context-aware activities to learners. We aim in the future to : } extend our ontologies with additional rules related to context
awareness and adaptability. } Experiment the proposal with an extended learning environment
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