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DesertRenée Nolan, Rachel Nauert, Christine Campbell,
Taylor Sutton
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Hot and Dry• There are 4 major North
American Hot and Dry Deserts. The Chihuahuan, Sonoran, Mojave, and Great Basin
• Outside of the US there are Hot and Dry Deserts in the Southern Asian realm, Neotropical (South and Central America), Ethiopian (Africa), and Australian
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Precipitation and Temperature
• Rainfall is lowest on the Atacama Desert of Chile, where it averages less than 1.5 cm. Some years are even rainless. Inland Sahara also receives less than 1.5 cm a year. Rainfall in American deserts is higher—almost 28 cm a year.
• Because the temperature is so high, evaporation exceeds precipitation and sometimes rain evaporates before it reaches the ground.
• The daily temperature is very extreme due to the low humidity, which allows more heat to come through the atmosphere during the day and escape at night
• Temperatures range from 20-25° C. The extreme maximum ranges from 43.5-49° C. Minimum temperatures can be as low as -18° C.
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Animals• The dominant animals are
small, nocturnal burrowers and kangaroo rats.
• There are also insects, arachnids, reptiles and birds.
• There are almost no large mammals.
• Most of the animals come out in search for food at dusk to avoid the heat.
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Vegetation• Mainly ground-hugging
shrubs and short woody trees.
• Leaves are very small and have water conserving characteristics. They have very thick cell walls that help prevent water loss.
• Dominant plants include yuccas, ocotillo, turpentine bush, prickly pears, false mesquite, sotol, ephedras, agaves and brittlebush.
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Cold Desert
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Cold Deserts
• Characterized by cold winters with snowfall
• In the Antarctic, Greenland and Nearctic Realm
• Short, moist, and fairly warm summers
• Fairly long, cold winters
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Temperature
• The mean winter temperature is between -2 to 4° C.
• The mean summer temperature is between 21-26° C.
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Rainfall• There is high overall rainfall
throughout the winter and occasionally over the summer.
• The mean annual precipitation ranges from 15-26 cm. It has been as high as 46 cm and as low as 9 cm.
• The heaviest rainfall of the spring is usually in April or May. In some areas, rainfall can be heavy in autumn.
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Plants• The plants are widely
scattered; about 10 percent of the ground is covered (but in some areas of sagebush it is about 85 percent)
• Plant heights vary between 15 cm and 122 cm.
• Most plants are deciduous and have spiny leaves.
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Animals• Widely distributed animals
are jack rabbits, kangaroo rats, kangaroo mice, pocket mice, grasshopper mice, and antelope ground squirrels. (All except the jack rabbits are burrowers.)
• In some areas, population density of these animals can range from 14-41 individuals per hectare.
• Deer are found only in the winter. Antelope Ground Squirrel
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Cities and Conservation Issues
• The cities in the cold desert biome are not very big. Nuuk, Greenland has a population around 14,000.
• Few conservation issues. Global warming affects the plants and animals.
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Coastal Desert
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Temperature and Precipitation
• Annual temperatures: maximum- 35C minimum- -4C
• Annual precipitation: maximum 37cm minimum 5cm
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Plants• Some plants have extensive
root systems close to the surface where they can take advantage of any rain showers.
• Plants have thick and fleshy leaves or stems that can take in large quantities if water for future use.
• The plants living in this type of desert include the salt bush, buckwheat bush, black bush, rice grass, little leaf horsebrush, black sage, and chrysothamnus.
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Animals
• Animals have specialized adaptations for desert heat and lack of water
• Animals include: insects, mammals (coyote and badger), amphibians (toads), birds (great horned owl, golden eagle and the bald eagle), and reptiles (lizards and snakes
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•A few Costal deserts are located in:
-Sechura Desert- South of Piura region in Peru
-Atamaca Desert- Northern Chile
-Namib Desert- Southern Africa
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Issues in the Desert• Sudden rain can cause flooding and a lack of rain, even in a Desert, can cause
changes in abundance and scarcity in resources
• Global warming is said to have something to do with this
• Human populations around deserts take this already scarce water
• Wildfires
• Desertification,the lack of ability to sustain life,has become more common
• Invasive creatures have been introduced to the desert
• Digging for fossil fuels
• Soil aridity can cause some plants/shrubbery to not be able to live in the desert biome anymore
• Some deserts have been used as nuclear testing areas
• Nuclear wastes have also been dumped in the desert
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Solutions
• Limit the taking of water, digging of fossil fuels, off roading vehicle misuse
• Not introducing invasive creatures
• Less disturbing of the biome