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Describing and using carrot genetic
diversity for breeding and research
Charlotte Allender
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Outline
• Carrot Diversity Set -
background and rationale
• Field trial 2011
• Molecular Marker data
• Variation in seed/seedling vigour
• Future work
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Warwick GRU Carrot Collections
Total Number of Accessions available 1533
Wild species 243
Landraces/Traditional Varieties 266
Advanced Cultivars 974
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Diversity in Carrot
Taken from Rubatzky et al (1999)
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Wild populations
Landraces
Advanced cultivars
Parental lines of genetic
mapping populations
Composition of Carrot Diversity Set
•Material from 35 countries
•77 accessions from WGRU
•10 experimental lines (parents of genetic mapping populations)
•Space for 7-9 elite cultivars
16 wild Daucus
31 landraces/traditional varieties
30 advanced varieties
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Seed Production - Managing genetic diversity within accessions
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Field Trial 2011
• Describe range of phenotypic variation in
CDS using standard descriptors
• Sown May 2011
• Harvested November 2011
• Stakeholder Open Day in October 2011
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Characters Scored in Field Trial
Descriptors
Leaf colour
Leaf shape
Petiole Anthocyanin
Bolting tendency
Root length
Root shape
Root shoulder and tip shape
Root skin/core/flesh colour and intensity
Position of root in soil
based on standard ‘IPGRI’ descriptors
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Open Day October 2011
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Variation in root colour and shape
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Investigating variation in seed vigour
• Rapid establishment essential
to compete with weeds
• Look at variation in germination
and seedling growth in diversity
set
• Seed tested produced in 2010 –
seed from primary umbels used
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Methods
• Slope test – carried out at 15 oC
• Recorded time taken for:
– Germination
– Root to reach 30mm in length
– Shoot to reach 20mm in length
• Seed weight and length also
recorded
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Relationship between seed weight and germination time
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Relationship between seed weight and time taken for root to
reach 30mm in length
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Relationship between seed weight and time taken for shoot to
reach 20mm in length
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Variation between the slowest and fastest growing
accessions – days taken for roots to reach 30mm
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Variation between the slowest and fastest growing
accessions – days taken for shoots to reach 20mm
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Variation between the slowest and fastest germinating
accessions
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Genetic Marker Analysis of Carrot
Diversity Set
• DArT markers
– Cover whole genome (data set contained
2770 markers)
– Presence/absence
• Investigate genetic structure of Diversity
Set
– Relationship of wild species to cultivated
types
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Wild D. carota and other
species
Asian, Japanese,
Turkish
European, Australasian,
American, African, Japanese
PCO of data from 1899 DArT Markers
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Further Work
• Molecular markers – genetic diversity in
chloroplast genome
• Production of S2 lines 2012
• Comparison of field trial results with DArT data
• Completion of seed vigour tests
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Acknowledgements
• Dave Pink
• Brian Thomas
• Ann Baker
• Mariatereasa de Cesare
• Horticultural Services Staff
• Thomas Nothnagel
• Phil Simon
• Brian Smith
• Defra