![Page 1: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)
![Page 3: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)
![Page 4: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
MY FATHER, RABBI ISRAEL SARNOFF
![Page 7: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
,
THE CINIiJfA IN SURGERY
Recording in JIOtion picturea the operation tor the removal. ot a twiated ovarian qat
![Page 8: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
NES INFLATED BY TH E MO-V! MEiHOD
![Page 9: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
1896First commercial film exhibition
![Page 14: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
1898
Eugène-Louis Doyen begins making surgical films
1896First commercial film exhibition
![Page 15: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
1898
Eugène-Louis Doyen begins making surgical films
1896First commercial film exhibition
1915
AMA introduces motion picture theaters
![Page 16: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
1898
Eugène-Louis Doyen begins making surgical films
1917Sarnoff begins making films
1896First commercial film exhibition
1915
AMA introduces motion picture theaters
![Page 17: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
1898
Eugène-Louis Doyen begins making surgical films
1921
AMA bans surgical films
1917Sarnoff begins making films
1896First commercial film exhibition
1915
AMA introduces motion picture theaters
![Page 18: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
1898
Eugène-Louis Doyen begins making surgical films
1921
AMA bans surgical films
1924Sarnoff makes “Circulatory System”
1917Sarnoff begins making films
1896First commercial film exhibition
1915
AMA introduces motion picture theaters
![Page 19: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
1928
AMA closes motion-picture theaters altogether
1898
Eugène-Louis Doyen begins making surgical films
1921
AMA bans surgical films
1924Sarnoff makes “Circulatory System”
1917Sarnoff begins making films
1896First commercial film exhibition
1915
AMA introduces motion picture theaters
![Page 20: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
1928
AMA closes motion-picture theaters altogether
1935American College of Surgeons begins endorsing films
1898
Eugène-Louis Doyen begins making surgical films
1921
AMA bans surgical films
1924Sarnoff makes “Circulatory System”
1917Sarnoff begins making films
1896First commercial film exhibition
1915
AMA introduces motion picture theaters
![Page 21: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
1928
AMA closes motion-picture theaters altogether
1935American College of Surgeons begins endorsing films
1941
AMA reintroduces motion-picture theaters
1898
Eugène-Louis Doyen begins making surgical films
1921
AMA bans surgical films
1924Sarnoff makes “Circulatory System”
1917Sarnoff begins making films
1896First commercial film exhibition
1915
AMA introduces motion picture theaters
![Page 22: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Eugène-Louis Doyen separating “Siamese twins” Radica and Doodica in 1902
![Page 23: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
“There is a personal flavor about the photograph which is absent in the drawing or the outline.”
![Page 30: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
“spoiled by beautiful photoengravings”
![Page 32: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
“spoiled by beautiful photoengravings”
“simple diagrams would have been most instructive”
![Page 33: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
“depriving us of diagrams”
![Page 35: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
“depriving us of diagrams”
“due place”
![Page 36: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
“connected sequence”
![Page 39: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)
![Page 40: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)
![Page 41: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Animation frames, 1951
![Page 42: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
“We need diagrams ...
![Page 44: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
“We need diagrams ...
...that will show the actual technic”
![Page 45: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
“interpolate animation where [photography] fails”
![Page 47: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
“your own ability to think in diagram”
![Page 49: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)
![Page 50: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)
![Page 51: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
American College of Surgeons Multimedia Atlas of Surgery (2006)
![Page 52: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
American College of Surgeons Multimedia Atlas of Surgery (2006)
![Page 53: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)
![Page 54: Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050613/554cc4ceb4c905a5208b48f5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)