National research university “Higher School of Economics”
Department of Psychology
Course syllabus for the discipline
“Environmental Psychology”
For the students of the MSc program “Applied social psychology”
(specialization 03300.68 “Psychology”)
Author:
Kirill Ilnitski, PhD, [email protected]
Scope of application and reference to regulatory documents
This syllabus establishes the requirements for the knowledge and skills of the students, and defines
the content of the course and the forms of evaluation.
The syllabus is designed for the teachers, teaching assistants, and the students of the MSc program
«Applied social psychology».
The program is designed in accordance with:
Educational standard of HSE;
Educational program for the specialization 030300.68 Master of Psychology;
The curriculum of the University for the Program «Applied social psychology».
1. Course objectives
The main objectives of the course are:
1) Introduce students to the main problems and the latest developments in the field of
Environmental Psychology – explore various aspects of the interrelationships of human
experience and behavior with the environment.
2) Study methodological tools of Environmental Psychology – learn to gather, analyze, and
respond to patterns of human experience and behavior in a variety of contexts
3) Explore the possible fields of application of Environmental Psychology – learn to inform
design solutions in the context of various thematic environments (working, home, learning
etc.)
2. Student’s competences after the course
General competencies Specific competencies
Student has profound knowledge in the field
of contemporary environment psychology
Student is capable to define theoretical and
applied aspects of environmental psychology
Student knows main theoretical approaches,
fundamental research questions and concepts
of environmental psychology
Student has systematic knowledge of main
categories of environmental psychology and
methods of research
Student is capable to give definitions of main
categories and to estimate methods of social
psychological research
Student knows different theoretical
approaches in the field of environmental
psychology
Student is capable to present the results of
his/her research in English, both in public
and individually
Student knows the international standards of
presenting the results of the socio-
psychological research in English in written
and verbal forms
Student has skills of presenting different tasks
prepared at home in English
Student is able to use the specific concepts,
models, and methods to solve complex
problems in governmental, social and
business organizations, administration
bodies, and in the areas of research and
consulting
Student knows criteria of good study in the
field of environmental psychology
Student can apply different statements of
psychological theories to solve problems
arising in the field of environmental
psychology
Student is capable to organize by himself any
project, scientific, research, consulting and
applied work on the basis of legal and
professional standards and responsibilities
Student is capable to use methods of carrying
out socio-psychological research
3. Place of the course in the structure of the educational program
The discipline is optional for all 1st year master students of the MSc program “Applied social
psychology”.
The discipline builds on the previously learned general theories within the courses:
General psychology;
Social psychology;
Experimental psychology;
Advanced social psychology.
This course provides an overview of theory, research, and methods in environmental psychology,
examining the interrelationship between humans and the physical environment. A strong practical
module grounded on the solid theoretical and methodological preparation will enable students to
inform design solutions in the context of various thematic environments. Each student will prepare
a trial design researches dedicated to the thematic environments of choice.
4. Course schedule
№ Section title Class hours
Lectures Seminars Practical
1 Introduction to Environmental Psychology 2 2
2 Environmental Perception and Cognition 1 1
3 Proxemics and personal space 1 1
4 Environmental Psychology and Culture 1 1
5 Phenomenological Approach 1 3
6 Place attachment 1 3
7 Objects and Technologies 1 1
8 Well-Being and Stress 1 1
9 Health benefits of nature and biophilia hypothesis 1 3
10 Scenic beauty and landscape perception 1 1
11 Urban Planning 1 2 1
12 Public spaces 1 2 1
13 Architecture 1 1
14 Design 1 1
15 Home and Work Environments 1
16 Learning and children environments 1 3
17 Environments for Elderly and Disabled 1
18 Retail and Service Environments 1
19 Healthcare Environments 1
ВСЕГО 13 24 11
ИТОГО 48
5. Course content
1. Introduction to Environmental Psychology
Human Behavior and Environment. History of the Field. Conflicting views. From Architectural to
Ecological Psychology. Current scope and characteristics. Interactive approach. Interdisciplinary
collaboration. Problem-focused approaches. Diversity of methods. Practical applications.
Obligatory readings:
Steg, Linda, Agnes E. van den Berg, and Judith IM De Groot, eds. Environmental psychology: An
introduction. John Wiley & Sons, 2012. 1-12
Stokols, Daniel. "Origins and directions of environment-behavioral research." Perspectives on
environment and behavior. Springer US, 1977. 5-36.
Wapner, Seymour, and Jack Demick. "The increasing contexts of context in the study of
environment behavior relations." Bechtel, R.B., & Churchman, A. Handbook of environmental
psychology. New York: John Wiley & Sons. (2002). 3-15
Proshansky, Harold M. "The pursuit of understanding." Environment and Behavior Studies.
Springer US, 1990. 9-30.
Additional readings:
Bechtel, Robert B. Environmental Psychology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002. 129 — 190
Lawson, Bryan. Language of space. Routledge, 2007. 14 — 41
2. Environmental Perception and Cognition
Theories of the Human-Environment Relationship. The Biology of Sensation. Theories of
Environmental Perception. Process of Perception. Perceptual Responces. Illusions. Gestalt Theories
of Perception. Cognitive interpretations. Berlyne's Collative Properties. Kaplan and Kaplan
Preference Framework. Lynch's Elements of Legibility.
Obligatory readings:
"Perception of Environmental Quality – Environmental Evaluation and Preference" Rapoport,
Amos. Human aspects of urban form. Vol. 3. Oxford: Pergamon, 1977. 48-107
"Environmental Cognition" Rapoport, Amos. Human aspects of urban form. Vol. 3. Oxford:
Pergamon, 1977. 108-177
Lawson, Bryan. Language of space. Routledge, 2007. 14 - 99
Additional readings:
"The Importance and Nature of Environmental Perception". Rapoport, Amos. Human aspects of
urban form. Vol. 3. Oxford: Pergamon, 1977. 178-247
Boothe, Ronald G. Perception of the visual environment. Springer Science & Business Media,
2001.
3. Proxemics and personal space
Evolutionary Theories. Ethology and Ethnology. Territoriality. Types of Territories. Territorial
Infringement. Personal Space and Communication. Abstract and Meaningful Distances. Distance
Zones. Angulation. Proxemics. Privacy. Crowding and Density. Spatial Roles.
Obligatory readings:
Hall, Edward Twitchell. The Hidden Dimension. Anchor, 1990. 41 — 130
Lawson, Bryan. Language of space. Routledge, 2007. 100 - 193
Additional readings:
Low, Setha M., and Denise Lawrence-Zúñiga. "Locating culture." The anthropology of space and
place: Locating culture (2003): 1-47.
Tringham, Ruth, ed. Territoriality and proxemics: archaeological and ethnographic evidence for
the use and organization of space. Warner Modular Publications, 1974.
Le Bon, Gustave. The crowd: A study of the popular mind. Fischer, 1897.
4. Environmental Psychology and Culture
The uses of cross-cultural environmental research. Culture-universal and culture-specific
frameworks. Emic-Etic conceptualisation. Social construction of reality. House form and culture.
Agency. Traditional ecological knowledge. Risk perception. Values and attitudes. Blame-Affixing
Adversarial Model. Beyond-Blame Model. Lifestyle variability. Perceptual distortions. Crowding
and culture. Spatial behavior and culturally sensible Environmental Design.
Obligatory readings:
Rapoport, Amos. "Cross-cultural aspects of environmental design." Environment and culture.
Springer, 1980. 7-46.
"The City in Terms of Social, Cultural and Territorial Variables". Rapoport, Amos. Human
aspects of urban form. Vol. 3. Oxford: Pergamon, 1977. 248-315
"The Distinction Between Associational and Perceptual Worlds". Rapoport, Amos. Human aspects
of urban form. Vol. 3. Oxford: Pergamon, 1977. 316-384
Additional readings:
Ingold, Tim. The perception of the environment: essays on livelihood, dwelling and skill.
Psychology Press, 2000.
Hall, Edward Twitchell. The Hidden Dimension. Anchor, 1990. 131 - 164
Berger, Peter L., and Thomas Luckmann. The social construction of reality: A treatise in the
sociology of knowledge. No. 10. Penguin UK, 1991.
5. Phenomenological Approach in environmental psychology
Phenomenological method. Phenomenological approach. Various ramifications. Focus on meaning.
The concept of intentionality. The recovery of Lifeworld. Umwelt. Situatedness. Human space.
Reflexive data collection.
Obligatory readings:
Graumann, Carl F. "The phenomenological approach to people-environment studies." Handbook of
environmental psychology 5 (2002): 95-113.
Bollnow, Otto Friedrich. Human space. Ed. Joseph Kohlmaier. London: Hyphen, 2011. (choose one
chapter)
Bachelard, Gaston, and Maria Jolas. The poetics of space. Vol. 330. Beacon Press, 1994. (choose
one chapter)
Additional readings:
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. Phenomenology of Perception. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1962.
Tuan, Yi-Fu. Space and place: The perspective of experience. U of Minnesota Press, 1977.
6. Place attachment
Definition and components of Place attachment. Difference between meaning and preference.
Multi-dimensional character. Tripartite model. Developmental theories. Predictors of attachment.
Measurement of attachment. Sense of place. Place identity. Memory association. Placemaking.
Obligatory readings:
Low, Setha M., and Irwin Altman. "Place attachment." Place attachment. Springer US, 1992. 1-12.
Riley, Robert B. "Attachment to the ordinary landscape." Place attachment. Springer US, 1992. 13-
35.
"Places of Affection". Ellard, Colin. Places of the heart: The psychogeography of everyday life.
Bellevue Literary Press, New York, 2015. 52 - 80
Additional readings:
Norberg-Schulz, Christian. Genius loci: Towards a phenomenology of architecture. Rizzoli, 1980.
Relph, E. C. Place and Placelessness, Pion, 1976.
7. Objects and Technologies
The concept of Technology. What is Innovation. The Dynamics of technical change. How
technologies change practices. What is the interrelation between processess, objects and
environment. Concept of modern Human. Medium is the message. Hot and cold media. Gutenberg
Galaxy. Electronic Age. System of Objects.
Obligatory readings:
"Space and Technology: the World in the Machine, Space and Technology: the Machine in the
World" Ellard, Colin. Places of the heart: The psychogeography of everyday life. Bellevue Literary
Press, New York, 2015. 174 — 217.
Belk, Russell W. "Attachment to possessions." Place attachment. Springer US, 1992. 37-62.
Additional readings:
Ingold, Tim. The perception of the environment: essays on livelihood, dwelling and skill.
Psychology Press, 2000. 289 - 420
McLuhan, Marshall. Understanding media: The extensions of man. MIT press, 1994.
McLuhan, Marshall. The Gutenberg galaxy: the making of topographic man. University of Toronto
Press, 1962.
8. Well-Being and Stress in Enivronmental Psychology
Conceptualisation of Stress. Environmental Stressors. General Adaptation Syndrome. Cognitive
Appraisal. Coping. Allostatic Load Theory. Effects of Environmental Stress. Housing quality.
Neighboorhood quality. Crowding and Traffic.
Obligatory readings:
Cohen, Sheldon, et al. Behavior, health, and environmental stress. Springer Science & Business
Media, 2013. 103 - 184
Lazarus, Richard S., and Judith Blackfield Cohen. "Environmental stress." Human behavior and
environment. Springer US, 1977. 89-127.
Additional readings:
Sapolsky, Robert M. Why zebras don't get ulcers. New York: WH Freeman, 1994.
9. Health benefits of nature and biophilia hypothesis
What is Health and how can it be measured? What is Nature and how can it be measured?
Mechanisms linking Nature to Health. Green Space and Public Health. Biophlia Hypothesis.
Biophilic patterns, forms, attributes. Biophilic design.
Obligatory readings:
Ulrich, Roger. "View through a window may influence recovery." Science 224.4647 (1984): 224-
225.
Steg, Linda, Agnes E. van den Berg, and Judith IM De Groot, eds. Environmental psychology: An
introduction. John Wiley & Sons, 2012. 47-57
"The Nature in Space". Ellard, Colin. Places of the heart: The psychogeography of everyday life.
Bellevue Literary Press, New York, 2015. 29 – 51
Wilson, Edward O. Biophilia. Harvard University Press, 1984.
Additional readings:
Kellert, Stephen R., and Edward O. Wilson. The biophilia hypothesis. Island Press, 1995.
Kellert, Stephen R., Judith Heerwagen, and Martin Mador. Biophilic design: the theory, science and
practice of bringing buildings to life. John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
10. Scenic beauty and landscape perception
Visual quality assessment. Theories explaining landscape preferences. Objectivist and subjectivist
approaches. Positivistic and Phenomenological models. Evolutionary theories. Prospect and Refuge.
Measuring and mapping Scenic beauty. Scenic beauty estimation method. Methodological
developments.
Obligatory readings:
Wohlwill, Joachim F. "The concept of nature." Behavior and the natural environment. Springer US,
1983. 5-37.
Ulrich, Roger S. "Aesthetic and affective response to natural environment." Behavior and the
natural environment. Springer US, 1983. 85-125.
Kaplan, Rachel. "The role of nature in the urban context." Behavior and the natural environment.
Springer US, 1983. 127-161.
Additional readings:
Daniel, Terry C., and Joanne Vining. "Methodological issues in the assessment of landscape
quality." Behavior and the natural environment. Springer US, 1983. 39-84.
Kaplan, Rachel, and Stephen Kaplan. The experience of nature: A psychological perspective. CUP
Archive, 1989.
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS (readings for on-site practical excercises)
11. Urban Planning
Recommended readings:
Churchman, Arza. "Environmental psychology and urban planning: Where can the twain meet."
Handbook of environmental psychology (2002): 191-200.
Lynch, Kevin. The image of the city. Vol. 11. MIT press, 1960.
Optional readings:
Lynch, Kevin. Good city form. MIT press, 1984.
Hall, Edward Twitchell. The Hidden Dimension. Anchor, 1990. 165 - 180
12. Public spaces
Recommended readings:
Whyte, William Hollingsworth. The social life of small urban spaces. 1980. 10 – 119
"Boring Places, Places of Anxiety". Ellard, Colin. Places of the heart: The psychogeography of
everyday life. Bellevue Literary Press, New York, 2015. 107 – 150
Augé, Marc. Non-Places: An Introduction to Supermodernity. London and New York: Verso, 2008.
Optional reading:
Low, Setha M. On the plaza: The politics of public space and culture. University of Texas Press,
2010.
13. Architecture
Recommended readings:
Groat, Linda N., and Carole Després. "The significance of architectural theory for environmental
design research." Advances in environment, behavior, and design. Springer US, 1991. 3-52.
Stamps, Arthur. Psychology and the aesthetics of the built environment. Springer Science &
Business Media, 2013. 38 — 70
Optional reading:
Alexander, Christopher. A pattern language: towns, buildings, construction. Oxford University
Press, 1977.
14. Design
Recommended readings:
Lang, Jon. "Design theory from an environment and behavior perspective." Advances in
environment, behavior, and design. Springer US, 1991. 53-101.
Norman, Donald A. Emotional design: Why we love (or hate) everyday things. Basic books, 2005.
Optional reading:
Kopec, David Alan. Environmental psychology for design. New York: Fairchild, 2006.
15. Home and Work Environments
Recommended readings:
Altman, Irwin, and Carol Werner. Home environments: Human behavior and environment. New
York, 1985 (choose one chapter)
"Healthy Residential Environments". Bechtel, Robert B. Environmental Psychology. John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., 2002. 536-555.
McCoy, Janetta Mitchell. "Work environments". Bechtel, Robert B. Environmental Psychology.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002. 443-460.
Spivack, J. A., A. D. Askay, and G. S. Rogelberg. "Contemporary physical workspaces: A review
of current research, trends, and implications for future environmental psychology inquiry."
Environmental psychology new developments 2009. 37-62.
16. Learning and children environments
Recommended readings:
Graetz, Ken A. "The Psychology of Learning Environments From Diana G. Oblinger, ed., Learning
Spaces." Educause Review 41.6 (2006): 74 - 87
Chawla, Louise. "Childhood place attachments." Place attachment. Springer US, 1992. 63-86.
Korpela, Kalevi. "Children’s environment." Bechtel, Robert B. Environmental Psychology. John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002. 363-373.
17. Environments for Elderly and Disabled
Recommended readings:
Rubinstein, Robert I., and Patricia A. Parmelee. "Attachment to place and the representation of the
life course by the elderly." Place attachment. Springer US, 1992. 139-163.
Frumkin, Howard. "Healthy places: exploring the evidence." American journal of public health 93.9
(2003): 1451-1456.
Altman, Irwin, M. Powell Lawton, and Joachim F. Wohlwill, eds. Elderly people and the
environment. Vol. 7. Springer Science & Business Media, 2013. (choose one chapter)
18. Retail and Service
Recommended readings:
Wener, Richard E. "The environmental psychology of service encounters." The service encounter,
1985. 101-112.
Zomerdijk, Leonieke G., and Christopher A. Voss. "Service design for experience-centric services."
Journal of Service Research 13.1 (2010): 67-82.
Robert, Donovan, and Rossiter John. "Store atmosphere: an environmental psychology approach."
Journal of retailing 58.1 (1982): 34-57.
Optional reading:
Kopec, David Alan. Environmental psychology for design. New York: Fairchild, 2006.
19. Healthcare Environments
Recommended readings:
Ulrich, Roger S. "Effects of healthcare environmental design on medical outcomes." Design and
Health: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Health and Design. Stockholm,
Sweden: Svensk Byggtjanst. 2001.
Pati, Debajyoti, and Paul Barach. "Application of environmental psychology theories and
frameworks to evidence-based healthcare design." Environmental psychology: New developments
(2010): 1-36.
Optional reading:
Kopec, David Alan. Environmental psychology for design. New York: Fairchild, 2006.
6. Education technologies
The interactive forms of teaching are used in the course: group discussion, braistorming, case
analysis (life stories, book or video materials). Practical classes will take place on-site in the
selected environments. 3-D visualization technologies will be extensively used to reconstruct
environmental features.
7. Forms of evaluation for the current assessment and attestation1
Form of the assessment Criteria
Colloquium
We expect that all students read recommended
literature prior to the seminar and/or practical
class and are ready to give a talk on the topic
of the seminar. The groups of presenters (3-4
people) and discussants (3-4 people) will be
chosen randomly at the seminar and must give
a presentation on the topic (10-20 minutes).
Discussants have to prepare questions and
critique on the topic for the presenters (10-20
minutes). Each group will have 30 minutes
for preparation. The presentation is followed
by the discussion and question session. Each
student will be chosen as a presenter and
discussant at least twice a module. Colloquia
will be graded on a 10-point scale and
contribute 20% to the final grade.
1) Depth and thoroughness of literature
overview and analysis
2) Clear structure of report (critical parts of
presentation: research problem, method,
substantial results and conclusion)
3) Consistency and logical structure of the
presentation
4) Consistency and clarity of the
critique/questions
5) Quality of answers to the
questions/critique (comprehensive and
detailed answers)
Course written assignment
Home assignment is a trial design proposal of
1 Developed on the basis of the syllabus “Theory and Methodology of Modern Psychology: Advanced Social
Psychology” (authors Tatarko Alexander, Poluektova Olga, Maria Efremova)
an applied study of the human-environment
interaction. The scope of the study would be
to inform certain design solutions:
1) Part 1 (1st module). Bibliography
overview
It is the first part of your proposal. You should
clearly state the problem and its significance,
the goal of the project, and provide a brief, yet
comprehensive, theoretical overview of
academic social psychological literature
(3000 – 5000 words).
2) Part 2 (2nd module). Design of the
intervention
Based on the literature overview, the students
propose the design of the intervention. The
design should contain the description of the
target audience, a detailed plan of activities,
and the description of the expected results.
The projects should be uploaded to LMS in
written and presented on the last class of
research seminar.
The project will contribute 30% to the final
grade for the course.
1) Student wrote the overview in full;
2) Content of the overview corresponds to
selected topic;
3) Results of the most recent research in the
selected area are used in the overview;
4) Student’s own analysis of material is
presented in the the project overview.
1) Goal and objectives of project are clear;
2) Project has a clear socio-psychological
orientation;
3) Project is based on knowledge of
environmental psychology;
4) Presentation contains all necessary
descriptive elements of project;
5) Project has a clear and precise practical
result.
The final exam.
The final exam is held in the form of a test.
Students are given 20 single choice questions.
Each question contains four answer options.
10-point scale will be used in assessment of
the test results.
The project will contribute 30% to the final
grade.
Final grade is proportional to the number of
correct answers to test questions.
1-2 correct answers – 1 point
3-4 correct answers – 2 points
5-6 correct answers – 3 points
7-8 correct answers – 4 points
9-10 correct answers – 5 points
11-12 correct answers – 6 points
13-14 correct answers – 7 points
15-16 correct answers – 8 points
17-18 correct answers – 9 points
19-20 correct answers – 10 points
8. Forms of knowledge assessment and grading procedures
Knowledge should be assessed in 10-point scale. The final grade will consist of colloquia, written
assignment, and exam. It will be calculated using the following formula:
Final grade = 0.2*Colloquium average + 0.4*Written assignment + 0.4*Final exam
9. Learning aids
Course books
Steg, Linda, Agnes E. van den Berg, and Judith IM De Groot, eds. Environmental psychology: An
introduction. John Wiley & Sons, 2012.
Bechtel, Robert B. Environmental Psychology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002.
Kopec, David Alan. Environmental psychology for design. New York: Fairchild, 2006.
Obligatory readings:
Bachelard, Gaston. The poetics of space. Vol. 330. Beacon Press, 1994. (choose one chapter)
Belk, Russell W. "Attachment to possessions." Place attachment. Springer US, 1992. 37-62.
Bollnow, Otto Friedrich. Human space. Ed. Joseph Kohlmaier. London: Hyphen, 2011. (choose
one chapter)
Cohen, Sheldon, et al. Behavior, health, and environmental stress. Springer Science & Business
Media, 2013. 103 — 184
Ellard, Colin. Places of the heart: The psychogeography of everyday life. Bellevue Literary Press,
New York, 2015. 52 — 80, 174 — 217.
Graumann, Carl F. "The phenomenological approach to people-environment studies." Handbook of
environmental psychology 5 (2002): 95-113.
Hall, Edward Twitchell. The Hidden Dimension. Anchor, 1990. 41 — 130
Kaplan, Rachel. "The role of nature in the urban context." Behavior and the natural environment.
Springer US, 1983. 127-161.
Lazarus, Richard S., and Judith Blackfield Cohen. "Environmental stress." Human behavior and
environment. Springer US, 1977. 89-127.
Lawson, Bryan. Language of space. Routledge, 2007. 14 — 193
Low, Setha M., and Irwin Altman. "Place attachment." Place attachment. Springer US, 1992. 1-12.
Proshansky, Harold M. "The pursuit of understanding." Environment and Behavior Studies.
Springer US, 1990. 9-30.
Rapoport, Amos. Human aspects of urban form. Vol. 3. Oxford: Pergamon, 1977. 7-177 248-384
Riley, Robert B. "Attachment to the ordinary landscape." Place attachment. Springer US, 1992. 13-
35.
Steg, Linda, Agnes E. van den Berg, and Judith IM De Groot, eds. Environmental psychology: An
introduction. John Wiley & Sons, 2012. 1-12, 47-57
Stokols, Daniel. "Origins and directions of environment-behavioral research." Perspectives on
environment and behavior. Springer US, 1977. 5-36.
Ulrich, Roger. "View through a window may influence recovery." Science 224.4647 (1984): 224-
225
Ulrich, Roger S. "Aesthetic and affective response to natural environment." Behavior and the
natural environment. Springer US, 1983. 85-125.
Wapner, Seymour, and Jack Demick. "The increasing contexts of context in the study of
environment behavior relations." Bechtel, R.B., & Churchman, A. Handbook of environmental
psychology. New York: John Wiley & Sons. (2002). 3-15
Wilson, Edward O. Biophilia. Harvard University Press, 1984.
Wohlwill, Joachim F. "The concept of nature." Behavior and the natural environment. Springer US,
1983. 5-37.
Additional readings:
Bechtel, Robert B. Environmental Psychology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002. 129 — 190
Lawson, Bryan. Language of space. Routledge, 2007. 14 — 41
"The Importance and Nature of Environmental Perception". Rapoport, Amos. Human aspects of
urban form. Vol. 3. Oxford: Pergamon, 1977. 178-247
Boothe, Ronald G. Perception of the visual environment. Springer Science & Business Media,
2001.
Low, Setha M., and Denise Lawrence-Zúñiga. "Locating culture." The anthropology of space and
place: Locating culture (2003): 1-47.
Tringham, Ruth, ed. Territoriality and proxemics: archaeological and ethnographic evidence for
the use and organization of space. Warner Modular Publications, 1974.
Le Bon, Gustave. The crowd: A study of the popular mind. Fischer, 1897.
Ingold, Tim. The perception of the environment: essays on livelihood, dwelling and skill.
Psychology Press, 2000.
Hall, Edward Twitchell. The Hidden Dimension. Anchor, 1990. 131 - 164
Berger, Peter L., and Thomas Luckmann. The social construction of reality: A treatise in the
sociology of knowledge. No. 10. Penguin UK, 1991.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. Phenomenology of Perception. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1962.
Tuan, Yi-Fu. Space and place: The perspective of experience. U of Minnesota Press, 1977.
Norberg-Schulz, Christian. Genius loci: Towards a phenomenology of architecture. Rizzoli, 1980.
Relph, E. C. Place and Placelessness, Pion, 1976.
Ingold, Tim. The perception of the environment: essays on livelihood, dwelling and skill.
Psychology Press, 2000. 289 - 420
McLuhan, Marshall. Understanding media: The extensions of man. MIT press, 1994.
McLuhan, Marshall. The Gutenberg galaxy: the making of topographic man. University of Toronto
Press, 1962.
Sapolsky, Robert M. Why zebras don't get ulcers. New York: WH Freeman, 1994.
Kellert, Stephen R., and Edward O. Wilson. The biophilia hypothesis. Island Press, 1995.
Kellert, Stephen R., Judith Heerwagen, and Martin Mador. Biophilic design: the theory, science and
practice of bringing buildings to life. John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
Daniel, Terry C., and Joanne Vining. "Methodological issues in the assessment of landscape
quality." Behavior and the natural environment. Springer US, 1983. 39-84.
Kaplan, Rachel, and Stephen Kaplan. The experience of nature: A psychological perspective. CUP
Archive, 1989.
Recommended and optional practical readings:
Churchman, Arza. "Environmental psychology and urban planning: Where can the twain meet."
Handbook of environmental psychology (2002): 191-200.
Lynch, Kevin. The image of the city. Vol. 11. MIT press, 1960.
Lynch, Kevin. Good city form. MIT press, 1984.
Hall, Edward Twitchell. The Hidden Dimension. Anchor, 1990. 165 - 180
Whyte, William Hollingsworth. The social life of small urban spaces. 1980. 10 – 119
"Boring Places, Places of Anxiety". Ellard, Colin. Places of the heart: The psychogeography of
everyday life. Bellevue Literary Press, New York, 2015. 107 – 150
Augé, Marc. Non-Places: An Introduction to Supermodernity. London and New York: Verso, 2008.
Low, Setha M. On the plaza: The politics of public space and culture. University of Texas Press,
2010.
Groat, Linda N., and Carole Després. "The significance of architectural theory for environmental
design research." Advances in environment, behavior, and design. Springer US, 1991. 3-52.
Stamps, Arthur. Psychology and the aesthetics of the built environment. Springer Science &
Business Media, 2013. 38 — 70
Alexander, Christopher. A pattern language: towns, buildings, construction. Oxford University
Press, 1977.
Lang, Jon. "Design theory from an environment and behavior perspective." Advances in
environment, behavior, and design. Springer US, 1991. 53-101.
Norman, Donald A. Emotional design: Why we love (or hate) everyday things. Basic books, 2005.
Altman, Irwin, and Carol Werner. Home environments: Human behavior and environment. New
York, 1985 (choose one chapter)
"Healthy Residential Environments". Bechtel, Robert B. Environmental Psychology. John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., 2002. 536-555.
McCoy, Janetta Mitchell. "Work environments". Bechtel, Robert B. Environmental Psychology.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002. 443-460.
Spivack, J. A., A. D. Askay, and G. S. Rogelberg. "Contemporary physical workspaces: A review
of current research, trends, and implications for future environmental psychology inquiry."
Environmental psychology new developments 2009. 37-62.
Graetz, Ken A. "The Psychology of Learning Environments From Diana G. Oblinger, ed., Learning
Spaces." Educause Review 41.6 (2006): 74 - 87
Chawla, Louise. "Childhood place attachments." Place attachment. Springer US, 1992. 63-86.
Korpela, Kalevi. "Children’s environment." Bechtel, Robert B. Environmental Psychology. John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002. 363-373.
Rubinstein, Robert I., and Patricia A. Parmelee. "Attachment to place and the representation of the
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