Download - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Physical Biometrics Matthew Webb ECE 8741
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Introduction
• Identity authentication is used in all aspects of present day life– ATM, car, house, work, computer
• Biometrics are a convenient and secure way of producing valid ID
• Can never forget it or lose it
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Biometrics
• What is biometrics?– The study of automated identification by use of
physical or behavioral traits– Growing field due to applicability to many
aspects of everyday life– Very popular since the events of 9-11
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Physical vs Behavioral
• Physical– Fingerprint– Iris – Ear– Face– Retina– Hands
• Behavioral– Signature– Walking gait– Typing patterns
• Both– Voice
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Essential Properties of a Biometric
• Universal– Everyone should have the characteristic
• Uniqueness– No two persons have the same characteristic
• Permanence– Characteristic should be unchangeable
• Collectability– Characteristic must be measurable
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Pattern Recognition
• Description and classification of measurements taken from physical or mental processes
• Examination of pattern characteristics
• Formulation of the recognition system
• Important part of any biometric system
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Key Measures of a Biometric System
• False Acceptance Rate (FAR)– Rate of imposters being accepted as genuine user
• False Rejection Rate (FRR)– Rate of genuine users being rejected
• Equal Error Rate (EER)– Point at which the FAR and the FRR are equal
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Fingerprint
• Oldest known method of biometrics
• Skin has ridges that are non-continuous and form a pattern
• Used in criminal databases
• Used for security on laptops
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Fingerprint Recognition
• Two main types– Minutia matching
• Galton features– dots, islands, ponds, spurs, bridges, crossovers, and
bifurcations
– Pattern matching• Henry system
– left loop, right loop, arch, whorl, and tented arch
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Hand Geometry and Palmprints
• Palmprints are an extension of fingerprint
• Hand shape new technique of identification
• Uses features such as finger position, shape, length, width, and curvature
• Used in multimodal systems right now
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Face
• Most widely used and distinctive way humans recognize each other
• Quite popular research subject
• Used in casinos, large sporting events, and galas
• Takes many images over time as opposed to a single capture
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Types of Facial Recognition Systems
• Feature based– Finds certain points such as tip of nose, eyes, and
ends of mouth– Creates a geometric map of the face
• Global– Uses the entire face image
• Eigenface technique and neural networks
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Ears
• One of the better biometrics
• Does not change with age, facial expression
• Does not wear out
• Normally found in the same basic spot for all
• Immature technique
• Used in bimodal systems with facial profile
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Iris
• Perhaps the most reliable of all biometrics
• Completely random
• Also an immature technology
• Characteristics include rings, furrows, freckles, striations, crypts, and the iris corona
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Iris Recognition Techniques
• Phase-based method
• Zero-crossings representation
• Texture analysis
• Local intensity variation