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DENSITY
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There are three states of matter:
solid
liquid
gas
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Density – the amount of matter that occupies space
Solids Liquids Gas
Molecules close together
Molecules spread out further
Molecules spread far apart
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To determine density, you must divide the mass by the volume.
D = m÷v
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Mass is measured in grams using a triple beam balance…
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or a digital scale.
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750 g
We can determine the mass of the box using the digital scale.
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Volume of a regularly-shaped object can be measured using a ruler.
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If the object has smooth sides where a ruler can be used to measure the length, width, and height, it is considered regular-shaped.
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Volume = length x width x height
15 cm
5 cm
2 cm
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V = l x w x h
V = 15 cm X 5 cm X 2 cm
V = 150 cm3
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Determine the volume of the cube.
3 cm
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V = l x w x h
V = 3 cm X 3 cm X 3 cm
V = 27 cm3
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Volume of a liquid is measured in mL using a graduated cylinder or a beaker.
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Objects that do not have smooth sides to measure are called irregular-shaped.
To measure the volume of these objects we use water displacement.
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Water is put into a graduated cylinder and the volume of the water is measured. 10
20
30
40
50
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The object is placed in the graduated cylinder.
10
20
30
40
50
The volume of the water and the object is determined.
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The first volume is subtracted from the second volume.
40 mL – 29 mL = 11 mL
The volume of the object is 11mL.
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Density does not depend on the amount of the substance.
The density of the block is 16 g/cm3
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If it is cut in half, what happens to the density?
Density of block is 16 g/cm3
Density of block is 16 g/cm3
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Sulfur Hexafluoride & Density
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Sulfur Hexafluoride & Density
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The density of water is 1g/mL.
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If an object with a density of less than 1g/mL is placed in the water, it will float.
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If an object with a density of greater than 1g/mL is placed in the water, it will sink.
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Water Density = 1g/mL
Oil
Alcohol
DENSITY COLUMN
Can you give an estimation of the density of the alcohol and the oil?
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Water
Density = 1g/mL
Oil
Alcohol
DENSITY COLUMN
The density of the oil is less than 1 g/mL. The density of the alcohol is less than the density of the oil.
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Water Density = 1g/mL
Oil
Density = .96 g/mL
Alcohol
Density = .75 g/mL
DENSITY COLUMN
Estimate the density of the piece of wood.
The density of wood is .8 g/cm3.
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Water Density = 1g/mL
Oil
Density = .96 g/mL
Alcohol
Density = .75 g/mL
DENSITY COLUMN
Estimate the density of the piece of ice.
The density of ice is .9 g/cm3.