2
22%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Ca
lifo
rnia
Ore
go
n
Min
ne
sota
Wis
con
sin
Uta
h
Iow
a
Ne
w M
exi
co
Ida
ho
Rh
od
e Is
lan
d
Wa
shin
gto
n
Te
nn
ess
ee
Ala
ba
ma
Ari
zon
a
Ind
ian
a
Ne
vad
a
Pe
nn
sylv
an
ia
Co
nn
ect
icu
t
Na
tio
na
l pu
bli
c
Co
lora
do
Illi
no
is
Ark
an
sas
Okl
ah
om
a
Te
xas
Dis
tric
t o
f C
olu
mb
ia
Oh
io
Ka
nsa
s
Mic
hig
an
No
rth
Ca
roli
na
Ne
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Ne
w Y
ork
Sou
th C
aro
lin
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Vir
gin
ia
Sou
th D
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ta
Wyo
min
g
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rth
Da
kota
De
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are
Ha
wa
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s
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ri
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ers
ey
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ipp
i
Ge
org
ia
Ne
w H
am
psh
ire
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rid
a
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ntu
cky
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ryla
nd
Figure 1: Hispanic Students Scoring "Proficient or Better" on the 2011 4th
Grade Reading NAEP
23%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Mic
hig
an
Ark
an
sas
Te
nn
ess
ee
Iow
a
Lou
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ipp
i
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con
sin
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tric
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th C
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ine
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st V
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th D
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ork
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an
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org
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cky
Ca
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rnia
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gin
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ssa
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sett
s
Ve
rmo
nt
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w J
ers
ey
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wa
ii
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rth
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kota
Figure 2: Black Students Scoring "Proficient or Better" on the 2011 4th
Grade Reading NAEP
425441
466
525 539
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Mexico (lowest in
OECD)
American Blacks American
Hispanics
American White
Students
South Korea
(highest OECD)
American Racial/Ethnic Subgroup PISA Performance Relative to the Highest
and Lowest Scoring Nations, 2009
$2,763
$7,434
$14,923
$0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 $14,000 $16,000
Mexico
South
Korea
United
States
Total annual expenditure per student by educational
institutions from primary through tertiary education,
by type of services in 2008 (Source: OECD)
268 273 271
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
12th Grade African Americans 12th Grade Hispanics 8th Grade Whites
NAEP Reading Scores for 8th Grade White Students
and 12th Grade African Americans and Hispanics
9
Florida Student Population
• 2.7 million students
• Majority minority student population
• Large population of students learning English as a second language
• About half of students are eligible for free and reduced priced lunch
10
• Require basic competency for every student
– End social promotion for third graders who can’t read
– Require high school seniors to demonstrate basic competency in reading and math
• Hold schools accountable for results
– Grade Schools on Scale of A-F
– Reward schools and teachers for student success
• Create incentives for rigor and college readiness
– Reward teachers with cash bonuses for every student who passes an Advanced Placement exam
– Provide free PSATs for all 10th Graders
– Increase access to Advanced Placement courses for minority students.
11
12
A-F School Grades
13
School GradesEach category has 100 possible points (percent of students)
ReadingReadingReadingReading MathMathMathMath WritingWritingWritingWriting ScienceScienceScienceScience
ProficiencyProficiencyProficiencyProficiency ProficiencyProficiencyProficiencyProficiency ProficiencyProficiencyProficiencyProficiency ProficiencyProficiencyProficiencyProficiency
ProgressProgressProgressProgress(all students)(all students)(all students)(all students)
ProgressProgressProgressProgress(all students)(all students)(all students)(all students)
ProgressProgressProgressProgress(lowest 25%)(lowest 25%)(lowest 25%)(lowest 25%)
ProgressProgressProgressProgress(lowest 25%)(lowest 25%)(lowest 25%)(lowest 25%)
14
Results of Florida A+ Plan
School Grades in Florida 1999-2009 Number of A & B versus D & F schools
2,317
2,1251,952
2,077
1,8441,8021,809
1,447
845
515
1,004
217199299143
308233173249307
401
677
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Nu
mb
er
of
Sch
oo
ls
A and B Schools D and F Schools
15
Choices
(Lots and Lots of Choices)
CHOICE
Students with
Disabilities
Tax Credit Tax Credit ScholarshipsScholarships
Digital Learning
Pre-K Vouchers
17
Charter
Schools
18
5%
20
10 points approximately equals a grade level worth of progress
21
22
23
Curtailing Social Promotion
88%
11%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
19 year old Dropouts by 3rd Grade Reading Scores (Source: Annie E. Casey
Foundation Longitudinal Study)
Non-Proficient Readers in third Grade Proficient Readers in Third Grade
When we promote a child from grade to
grade who hasn't mastered the work, we
don't do that child any favors.
It is time to end social promotion in
America's schools. -President Bill Clinton, 1998 State of the Union Address
2927
2322
2019
1617
16
2.8 3.1
13.2
10.2 9.88.1
6.6 6.4 5.9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
Percent of Third Graders Scoring Level 1 Who Were Retained
2001-2010
Percent of 3rd graders Level 1 on Reading FCAT Percent of 3rd graders retained
A Command Focus on Reading
First Year
of Policy
28
Incentivize Rigor
Florida Partnership for Minority & Underrepresented Students:
• Free PSATs for all 10th Graders
• Professional Development for teachers to teach AP
• School Bonus for AP passage: $700 (created in the early ’90’s)
• AP Teacher Bonus: $50 for every passing student score, up to $2,000
• AP Teacher Bonus: $500 for first passing score in D or F school, up to $2,000
Figure 7: Florida AP Passing Scores- Hispanics and African
Americans, 1999-2008
5,6116,400
7,234
9,061
10,702
12,754
14,002
15,822
17,697
18,882
1,314 1,503 1,6552,214 2,450
2,794 3,059 3,3264,080 4,401
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Hispanic African-American
30
Digital Learning
31
32
33
34
35