Download - Deformation of Crust
Deformation of Crust
By Spenser Bryant, Paige Johnson, Dakota Brown, Lauren Johnston
S.1 2011
DefinitionsSection One
• Deformation: Bending, tilting, breaking of crust
• Isostasy: equilibrium between lithosphere/athenosphere
• Stress: amount of force on an area
• Strain: Change rocks by shape/volume
• Fold: Ductile strain; rock layers bend
• Fault: Break in body of rock
What is…?
• Compression: Squeezes and shortens• Tension: Stretches and pulls• Shear Stress: Distorts in opposite
directions• Fracture: Break along rock that doesn’t
move• Fault Plane: Surface along which motion
occurs• Hanging Wall: Rock above fault plane
What is…? Cont.
• Foot Wall: Rock below fault plane
• Normal Fault: Hanging wall moves down
• Reverse Fault: hanging wall moves up
• Thrust Fault: Reverse, but low angled
• Strike-Slip: Rock slides horizontally
Anatomy/Types of Folds
• Limbs: Sloping sides of the fold
• Hinge: Where the limbs meet
• Overturned: Lying on side
• Anticline: Oldest layer in center
• Syncline: Youngest in center
• Monocline: Limbs are horizontal
Questions• 1.) Difference between fold/fault?
A.) Fault: Break; Fold: BendB.) Fault: Bend; Fold: Break C.) Fault: Rat; Fold: Hippopotamus
2.) Definition of strain:A.) Pulled muscleB.) Bending, tilting, breaking of crustC.) Change rocks by shape/volume
• 3.) Definition of DeformationA. When two tectonic plates shiftB. Bending, tilting, breaking of crustC. Magma turns to lava
4.) What is Isotasy?A. A balance between the Sun and MoonB. equilibrium between
lithosphere/athenosphere C. An Elephant balancing on a ball
Questions cont.5.) How many faults are there?
A.) 3B.) 4C.) 5
6.) Difference between anticline/syncline?A.) Anticline: Old center; Syncline: YoungB.) Anticline: Young center; Syncline: Old center
7.) Difference between Normal/Reverse faults?A.) Normal: H-wall up; Reverse: H-wall downB.) Opposite A.)
8.) What are Strike-Slip faults?A.) Rock slides then pushes upB.) Rock slides then slips downC.) Rock slides horizontally
Answers
• 1.) A• 2.) C• 3.) B• 4.) B• 5.) B• 6.) A• 7.) B• 8.) C
Section 2: Definitions
• Mountain Range: Grouping of adjacent mountains
• Folded: Tectonic movements push together; Accordion
• Fault-Block: Faults break Earths crust; some drop
• Dome: Circular structure that slope
What is…?
• Mountain System: Groups of adjacent mountains
• Mountain Belts: Two large systems; Eurasian-Melanesian/Circum-Pacific
• Collisions:
Continental-Oceanic- Oceanic subducts
Oceanic-Oceanic- Denser subducts
Continental-Continental- Denser subducts
What is…? Cont.
• Plateau: Large flat areas above sea-level
• Grabens: Long and narrow valleys
• Volcanic Mountains: Formed when magma reaches surface
• Hot Spots: Volcanic areas far from tectonic activity
Questions1.) Definition of Mountain Range?
A.) Grouping of adjacent mountainsB.) Mountains surrounding a plainC.) A range on a mountain
2.) Difference between Folded/Fault-Block?A.) Fold: pull apart; Fault-Block: slideB.) Fold: slide; Fault-Block: pull apartC.) Fold: pushed; Fault-Block: sides drop
3.) What is a dome mountain? A.) A mountain in the shape of a dome.B.) A plate shiftC.) The Palomar Observatory
4.) When Oceanic/Continental plates collide…?A.) Oceanic subductsB.) Continental subducts
Questions… Cont.
5.) What is a plateau?
A.) A rocky domed area
B.) Sandy mountain
C.) Flat topped figure above sea level
Answers
• 1.) A
• 2.) C
• 3.) A
• 4.) A
• 5.) C