Download - Deformation
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Part 1: Deformation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DppbibMhAXU
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Earth’s Changing surface
I. Crust – the surface layer of the earthA. Continental: land not under the oceansB. Average of 32km, but can be as thick as
70kmII. Oceanic
A. Ocean floorB. Average of 8km thick
Review: Which one is denser?
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a. The forces that pull and push on the earth’s crustb. Causes deformation – the tilting, breaking or folding of rock
III. STRESS
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i. Compression
Compression – squeezes the rocks of the
crust, decreasing
volume, increasing
density
Think: Covergent
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ii. Tension
Tension – pull the rocks of the crust, increasing volume,
decreasing density Think: Divergent
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iii. Shearing
Shearing – the crust being pushed in opposite directions
causing the rocks to tear
and twistThink: transform
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Review #1. Match the set of arrows to the 3 stress
a. Shearing
b. Tension
c. Compression
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Fractures and Faults
c. Fracture – cracks in rocks
d. Fault – crack along which rocks move sideways, up, or down.i. Fault block mountains form from
the normal faults pushing up rockii. Rift valleys form when land
between normal faults slide down
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San Andres
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Folding
e. Folding – a bend in the rocki. Anticline – an upward foldii. Syncline – a downward foldiii. Appalachian mountains are made from folds
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The Appalachians
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f. Factors that affect faulting or folding
i. Higher temperatures will cause folding/lower temps. cause faultingii. Greater pressure causes folding/lower pressure causes faulting
Rock typeiii. Brittle rock will more likely faultiv. Ductile (bendable) rock will more likely foldv. Pressure applied gradually will cause folding/fast will cause faulting
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Review #2
What’s the difference between anticline and
syncline folding?!