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Definitions
• Atom: smallest particle of an element that can exist and still have the properties of the element.
• Compound: A pure substance that can be broken down into two or more simpler pure substances by chemical means
• Molecule: group of two or more atoms that function as a unit because the atoms are tightly bound together
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• MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
• All atoms are nonmetals• Electrons are shared to
form a bond
• IONIC COMPOUNDS• Metal and a non metal• Electrons are
transferred to form cations and anions
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Ionic vs molecular compounds
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Molecular orCovalent bond
ValenceElectrons areshared
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Homonuclear molecules (diatoms)and Heteronuclear molecules(polyatomic
molecules)
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Homonuclear molecules
HONFIBrClI never fly high over brown clouds
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Molecule is the smallest particle of a compound capable of a stable, independent
existence
Phosphorus exists in a stable form of P-P-P-P
Sulfur exists in a stable form of S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S
What would be an easier way to write these symbols?
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Compounds
• H2O # H ____, # O ___
• C6H12O6 # C______, # H _____, # O____
• Mg(OH)2 # Mg_____, # H_____, # O____
• Ca10(PO4)6(OH)10
• 2 H2O #H in each molecule? _____________
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Tell whether the following have ionic or covalent bonds
• CaCl2 MgO
• CO2 NH4Cl
• H2O HCl
• BaSO4 KI
• K2O NaOH
• NaF NO2
• Na2CO3 AlPO4
• CH4 FeCl3
• SO2 P2O5
• LiBr N2O5
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Naming Molecular compounds
• Binary compounds (not hydrocarbons)• Two nonmetals• Shared electrons• Name ends in ide• No ions formed• Use Greek prefixes• Mono*, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa,
nona, deca
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Naming molecular compounds
formula nameP2O5
Dinitrogen trioxideNO
Sulfur trioxidePI3
SCl6
Silicon dioxide
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Lewis structures
• Atoms combine to form molecules so they will have lower energy
• Using only valence electrons try and give each atom a complete valence shell (complete octet except Hydrogen)
• Then try and give them the number of bonds they want : called covalency
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Lewis structuresgroup 1 simple structures
Formula Lewis structureNH3
H2O
N2H4
CH4O
PF3
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Lewis structuresgroup 2: polyatomic ions
formula Lewis structure
OH-
NH4+
NO3-
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Lewis structuresgroup 3: multiple bonds
Formula Lewis structure
H2CO
HCN
CO
CO2
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Molecular geometryis not shown by Lewis structures
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VSEPR
• Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
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Give the molecular geometry and bond angles of each structure