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December 9, 2014 Objective: To describe how joints function
and to differentiate between types of joints
Journal: Have you or someone you know ever had a knee injury? Explain what happened.
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Ligaments, Tendons, and Joints
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Joints
Aka articulations When two or more bones come together Allow the body to move
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Ligaments
Tough, connective tissue Connects bone to bone
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Tendons
Cordlike structures that attach bones to muscles
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Types of Joints
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Fibrous Joints Held together by
short connective strands
Immobile or slightly moveable
Ex: Sutures
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Cartilaginous Joints
Held together by cartilage disks Immovable or slightly movable Ex: Joints between your ribs and sternum
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Synovial Joints
Connected by a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid and lined with a synovial membrane
Freely moving
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Types of Synovial Joints
Pivot Joints: Can only rotate◦ Found in your neck
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Types of Synovial Joints
Ball and Socket Joints: Can move in all directions including rotation◦ Found in your shoulders and hips
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Types of Synovial Joints
Hinge Joints: Can either open or close◦ Found in your knees and elbows
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Types of Synovial Joints
Gliding Joints◦ Flat, slightly curved, plate like bones◦ Can only side back and forth◦ Found in your wrists and ankles
http://phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/skeletal_and_muscular/index.html
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Types of Synovial Joints
Saddle Joints◦ One bone shaped like a saddle and another
similar to a horse’s back◦ Rock up and down and side to side◦ Found in the base of your thumb
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Types of Synovial Joints Condyloid Joints
◦ Oddly shaped convex bones fitting into concave bones
◦ Can move in any direction, but cannot rotate
◦ Found in the knuckles of your fingers and wrists
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Movement Classification
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Flexion
When a joint is bent, decreasing the angle between the two bones
Ex: the leg bent at the knee
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Extension
Straightening a joint so the angle between the involved bones increases
Ex: kicking
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Plantar Flexion
When the toes are pointed
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Dorsiflexion
When the foot is bent upward toward the leg
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Hyperextension
When a joint is forced to straighten beyond its normal limits
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Abduction
To move away from the bodies midline Ex: Moving your arms up from resting
next to your body
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Adduction
To move toward the midline of the body Ex: Moving your arms from above your
head back down to your sides
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Inversion
When the sole of one foot is turned inward so it points to the other foot
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Eversion
The foot is turned outward, pointing away from the opposite foot
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Supination
The palm of your hand is turned upward
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Pronation
When the palm of the hand is turned down
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Circumduction
Circular arm motion
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Protraction
Drawing a part forward
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Retraction
Drawing a part backwards
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Rotation
When a bone spins on its axis Ex: Rotating your head
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Knee Joint Reading!!
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Knee Surgery Videos
ACL Reconstruction - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xsq0sQp6DwUMeniscus Reconstruction - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=444A9nPCPCA