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Secretaries’ Science Advisory BoardMeeting
December 4, 2017
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SECRETARIES’ SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD
AGENDA
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Interim Report
• Regulatory framework
• Latest surface water monitoring results
• Additional emerging compounds
• Enforcement action update
• Latest groundwater monitoring results
• Information on air emissions from the Chemours Fayetteville Works facility
• Next steps on emerging compounds
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Divisions
• Division of Water Resources
• Division of Waste Management
• Division of Air Quality
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Division of Water Resources
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Regulatory Program Overviews
• Toxic Substance Control Act
• Clean Water Act
- NPDES permit (wastewater)
• Safe Drinking Water Act
- Contaminant Candidate List
- Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule
• State Surface water and Groundwater Standards
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Recent History of the Cape Fear River Data
• EPA’s Third Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR) monitoring during 2013-2015 for 28 chemicals including PFOA, PFOS and 1,4-Dioxane.
• NCSU and EPA’s National Exposure Research Lab study PFOA, PFOS and other per- and poly-fluorinated chemicals in the Cape Fear River.
• DEQ 2014-2016 study on 1,4-Dioxane, focusing on the Cape Fear River after results indicated higher concentrations than other river basins.
• EPA NERL published a report in 2015 including the presences two compounds attributed to being byproducts of Nafion® manufacturing. Research findings published in Nov. 2016 on PFOA/PFOS, GenX and other related chemicals attributed to the Chemours facility.
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DuPont/Chemours
• DuPont began chemical manufacturing at the plant along the
border of Cumberland and Bladen Counties in 1971.
• Around1980 DuPont began manufacturing products using
fluorinated compounds.
• GenX manufacturing began after a 2009 Consent Agreement
under TSCA was signed by EPA and the company. GenX has
been a byproduct of the vinyl ether production line, and the
wastewater discharged through the NPDES outfall into the Cape
Fear River.
• DuPont transitions site ownership to Chemours. The NPDES
permit includes receives wastewater from tenants at the property,
Kuraray and DuPont.
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DEQ Sampling June 19 – August 4, 2017
●Weekly sampling at the Chemours
NPDES outfall 002.
●Weekly sampling of raw water and
finished drinking water upstream and
downstream of the Chemours facility.
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Cape Fear River - Sampling
https://files.nc.gov/ncdeq/GenX/GenX%20
Sampling%20Map%2020170906_3.pdf
Insert map
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Cape Fear River - Sampling
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Current Weekly Sampling
Division of Water Resources Staff Conduct Weekly Sampling
• The Chemours outfall 002 has two composite samples:
Monday - Thursday and Friday - Sunday
• Drinking water facilities downstream are sampled weekly:
Bladen Bluff
International Paper
NW Brunswick
Pender County
CFPU Sweeney
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Historic Comparison
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0
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100
150
200
250
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400
450
500
9/27/2017 2014*(max)
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Data at Chemours Outfall 002 (parts per trillion)
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100
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400
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600
700
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PFBA PFPeA PFHxA PFHpA PFOA PFNA PFDA PFBS PFHxS PFOS GenX
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Site inspection
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Area of Chemours plant
where Oct. 6th release
occurred and entered the
waterway that discharges to
outfall 002.
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Enforcement Summary
• Sept. 5th - 60-day Notice of Intent to Suspend NPDES Permit
• Sept. 6th - NOV & Intent to Assess Civil Penalty for Groundwater Violation
• Sept. 8th – Partial Consent Order, Bladen County Superior Court
• Oct. 24th – Lifted Sept. 5th Intention to Suspend NPDES Permit
• Nov. 13th – NOV & Intent to Assess Civil Penalty related to release on Oct. 6th
• Nov. 16th – Notice of Partial Suspension and 60-Day Notice of Intent to Partially Revoke NPDES Permit
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Division of Waste Management
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Groundwater Data at Chemours
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Private Well Sampling Results
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Private Wells Sampled (Phase 1): 141
Total # wells with exceedance of the GenX NCDHHS provisional health goal: 51
Total # wells reported as non-detect (ND): 35
Total # wells with a GenX detection (including those above the health goal): 106
Total # wells with a GenX detection less than the health goal: 55
The maximum detected GenX concentration (ppt) is: 1300
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Private Well Sampling Results (Phase 2)
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Private Wells Sampled: 107
Total # wells with exceedance of the GenX NCDHHS provisional health goal: 34
Total # wells reported as non-detect (ND): 25
Total # wells with a GenX detection (including those above the health goal): 82
Total # wells with a GenX detection less than the health goal: 48
The maximum detected Gen X concentration is: 1200 ppt
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Chemours Sampling Map (Northern Area)
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Chemours Sampling Map (Central Area)
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Chemours Sampling Map (Southern Area)
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Additional DEQ Sampling
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• Two Cumberland County Elementary school wells were sampled. (Gen x levels of 5 ppt and Non detect)
• Surface water samples were collected at Camp Dixie in Bladen County and Marshwood Lake In Cumberland County. (Gen x levels of 620 and 915 ppt)
• DEQ has worked collaboratively with DHHS to address use of recreational areas.
• DEQ has also sampled an athletic field in Cumberland County that used well water onsite.
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Alternate Water Update
• Bottle water is currently being provided to Bladen and Cumberland County residents who have GenX above the state’s provisional drinking water health goal of 140 parts per trillion.
• Chemours delivers a letter to each residence that has an exceedance with 5 cases of water.
• DEQ reviews lab data and sends a health risk evaluation letter to each well owner noting appropriate uses of the water.
• Each residence is then set up with Cyrstal Springs who provides water dispensers.
• Bottle water is also available at the Chemours plant after an exceedance is detected.
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Groundwater – Next Steps
• Chemours On-Site Investigation
• Sample some 40 additional on-site monitoring wells for GenX and other compounds of concern to determine groundwater contamination on-site.
• Install both shallow and deep monitoring wells to refine the groundwater flow model for the site.
• Conduct shallow and vertical soil profiling of GenX into deeper areas of the subsurface to learn the extent of soil contamination and the ability to impact the groundwater through leaching.
• Determine if Willis Creek is a discharge point for groundwater.
• Conduct Aquifer tests to determine transport characteristics of the subsurface.
• Determine the areas of the site that caused the releases of contaminants.
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Division of Air Quality
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Department of Environmental QualityDivision of Air Quality
Chemours reported air emissions (pounds per year)
• All data based on chemical process computational model.
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
C3 dimer acid fluoride 500 539 545 669 591
C3 dimer acid (GenX) 1 3 4 3 3
C3 dimer acid ammonium salt 1 3 3 2 2
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Department of Environmental QualityDivision of Air Quality
What’s the role of air emissions?
• Wind data
• Air dispersion modeling
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Department of Environmental QualityDivision of Air Quality
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Department of Environmental QualityDivision of Air Quality
Air Dispersion Modeling
• Chemours actual air emissions for 2012-2016
• GenX compounds only
• Actual stack characteristics
• Actual hourly meteorology over the 5-year period
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Department of Environmental QualityDivision of Air Quality
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Department of Environmental QualityDivision of Air Quality
Air Emissions Testing or “Stack
Testing”
Capture and quantification of
specific pollutants being emitted
to the atmosphere from a process
through the stack.
Chemours has submitted a
protocol to define which sources
they will test, which test method
they will use and which
contaminant they will target for
quantification.
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Department of Environmental QualityDivision of Air Quality
Target contaminant - HFPO Dimer Acid (GenX)
Test method – EPA M0010 Modified Method 5 with XAD traps for the capture of volatile and semi-volatile organics
Three 180 minute test runs will be performed during normal process operations
Analysis –liquid chromatography with two mass spectrometry analyzers (LC/MS/MS)
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Department of Environmental QualityDivision of Air Quality
Sources to be tested:
Fluoromonomers, Nafion, and Polymer Processing Aid (PPA) Processes
Test Locations - Division, VE South Scrubber and PPA Stacks
Testing will be performed post – scrubber. The goal of the test is to quantify the emissions of GenX to the atmosphere during the test period.
The emissions testing will help verify emissions estimates previously submitted
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Recap Activities
• Monitoring the Facility for surface water and groundwater
• Air emissions evaluation and deposition modeling
• Continuing to delineate off-site groundwater contamination and its potential sources
• Reviewing private well water data from Chemours and DEQ for data analysis, data QC, HREs, planning and mapping
• Evaluating chemical pathways (chemicals created and transformed)
• Determine future sampling needs
• Continuing to host community meetings
• Engaging Federal/State and International partners
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Next Steps – Emerging Compounds
• Secretaries’ Science Advisory Board
• UCMR
• NPDES Permitting – Disclosure Requirements
• Lab Test Standards
• Health Risk Information
• General Public Education
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SECRETARIES’ SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD
AGENDA
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Questions?Sheila Holman
Assistant Secretary
NC Department of Environmental Quality
919-707-8619
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Secretaries’ Science Advisory BoardPublic Forum
December 4, 2017