Download - Day 5.3 routercomponents
Router ComponentsRouter Components
Router ComponentsRouter Components
Back panel of router Router Booting Sequence. Router Modes of operation.
Table of Contents
ROUTER ROUTER BACKPANELBACKPANEL
AUI PORT Serial Port RJ-45 RJ-45 RJ-45
RJ-45
Powercord
BRI PORT (RJ-45)
USED TO CONNECT THE ISDN SWITCH
ETHERNET PORT (RJ-45)
USED TO CONNECT THE SWITCHOR PC’S
CONSOLE PORT (RJ-45)
USED TO CONNECT THE ROUTER TO PC’S COM PORT
ATTACHMENT UNIT INTERFACE63-PINS.
TRANSCEIVER
USED TO CONVERT SERIAL PORT TO RJ-45 TO CONNECT SWITCH OR PC’S
63-PINS USED TO CONNECT THE ROUTERS BACK -BACK
ON/OFF SWITCH
RJ-45
AUXILLIARY PORT
Router booting sequenceRouter booting sequenceInternal diagram of router.
RAM NVRAM Flash ROM
InterfacesConsoleAuxiliary
RAM NVRAM Flash ROM
InterfacesConsoleAuxiliary
As the router is booted, the following is loaded into RAM’s Working Storage.
RAM SpecificsRAM Specifics
RAMCommandExecutive
InternetworkOperating
System(IOS)
ProgramsActiveConfig
FileTables Buffers
Programs include the bootstrap program that • tests the equipment (POST) • and locates the IOS.
RAM SpecificsRAM Specifics
RAMPrograms
RAM SpecificsRAM Specifics
RAMInternetwork
OperatingSystem(IOS)
Programs
Once the IOS is located by the bootstrap program, it is loaded in to RAM.
RAM SpecificsRAM Specifics
RAMCommandExecutive
InternetworkOperating
System(IOS)
Programs
Part of the IOS is the Command EXEC. This is the program that translates the commands you type into a language that the IOS can understand.
RAM SpecificsRAM Specifics
RAMCommandExecutive
InternetworkOperating
System(IOS)
ProgramsActiveConfig
File
Once the IOS is initialized, it looks for an active configurations file (usually in NVRAM) and loads it. This file tells the router specifically what to do.
RAM SpecificsRAM Specifics
RAMCommandExecutive
InternetworkOperating
System(IOS)
ProgramsActiveConfig
FileTables
The tables are loaded from the configuration file including...• ARP Tables• Routing Tables
RAM SpecificsRAM Specifics
RAMCommandExecutive
InternetworkOperating
System(IOS)
ProgramsActiveConfig
FileTables Buffers
Finally, all leftover memory in RAM is used as the buffer for processing incoming and outgoing packets.
Router ModesRouter Modes
Router modes of Router modes of operationoperation
ROUTER BOOT UP PROCESSSETUP MODE PROMTED DIALOG
BOX TO ENTER THE CONFIGURATION
USER MODEENABLES USER TO LOGIN
ROUTER>
PRIVILEDGE MODE TESTING & TROUBLESHOOTING OF
ROUTER & REMOTE ACCESS.ROUTER#
GLOBAL CONFIGURATION MODEMAJOR COMMANDS RUN FROM HERE
ROUTER(CONFIG)#
Verification of router Verification of router components.components.
FlashNVRAMRAM
Internetwork Operating System
ProgramsActive
ConfigurationFile
Tablesand
Buffers
BackupConfiguration
File
OperatingSystems
Inte
rface
sRouter#show version Router#show flash
Router#show interfaces
Router#show processes CPURouter#show protocols
Router#show running-configRouter#write term
Router#show memRouter#show stacksRouter#show buffers
Router#show startup-configRouter#show config
Show Commands DefinedShow Commands Defined show version -- displays the configuration of the system
hardware, the software version, the names and sources of configuration files, and the boot image
show startup-config (show config on Cisco IOS 10.3 or earlier) -- displays the backup configuration file
show flash -- shows information about the Flash memory device
show interfaces -- displays statistics for all interfaces configured on the router
show processes -- displays information about the active processes
show protocols -- displays the configured protocols; shows the status of all configured Layer 3 protocols
Show Commands DefinedShow Commands Definedshow running-config (write term on
Cisco IOS 10.3 or earlier) -- displays the active configuration file
show memory -- shows statistics about the router's memory, including memory free pool statistics
show stacks -- monitors the stack use of processes and interrupt routines and displays the reason for the last system reboot
show buffers -- provides statistics for the buffer pools on the router