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AoIR 2017
Panel 17 Dorpat-Ewers, Tartu 9-10:30AM
Data Driven Ontology PracticesThe Real world objects of Ordnance Survey
Ireland
Dr. Tracey P. LauriaultAssistant Professor of Critical Media and Big Data
School of Journalism and CommunicationCarleton University, Ottawa, ON, [email protected]
ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-1847-2738
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Table of Contents
• Introduction
• Case Study & Data Collection
• Methods• Assemblage
• Making up Spaces
• Genealogy
• Preliminary Observations
• Acknowledgement
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Social-shaping qualities of data
(Rob Kitchin, 2012)
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Programmable City
Translation:
City into code & data
Transduction:
Code & data reshape city
Understanding the
city(Knowledge)
How are digital data materially &
discursively supported &
processed about cities & their
citizens?
How does software drive public
policy development &
implementation?
Managing
the city(Governance)
How are discourses & practices of
city governance translated into code?
How is software used to regulate &
govern city life?
Working
in the city(Production)
How is the geography & political
economy of software production
organised?
How does software alter the form
& nature of work?
Living
in the city
(Social Politics)
How is software discursively
produced & legitimated by vested
interests?
How does software transform the
spatiality & spatial behaviour of
individuals?
Creating the
smart city Dublin Dashboard
Rob Kitchin, National University of Ireland, Maynooth
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OSi Technological Transformation
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Socio-Technological Transformation
The objective is the provision of a single vision of the geographic
‘truth’ of the state, one that is standardized to align with OSi’s
mission “to create, maintain and provide the State’s definitive
mapping and geospatial information services to support citizens,
business and government”, and its vision to be “the national
provider of trusted, maintained geospatial data and platforms
to ensure the State’s location data is easy to find, share and
use” (OSi 2016).
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Polygon
Ireland
Reference
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Data Models are deceptively simple looking
Ireland becomes a real-
world, feature-based
information, national-
scale spatial data
platform which consisted
of the sum of its
materially defined parts
defined by rules with
topologically accurate,
uniquely identified
objects with spatial
coordinates, attributes
and spatial relations.
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A intersects B
A
BB A
A
B
A is within B A touches B
A crosses B
A is Z+1 over BA = B+C+D+E
A
B
C
DE
A
B
Topology
In the database objects are described in code as having geometry,
coordinates and attributes. In the OSi model, objects can be
contained within objects.
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Ontologizing the City - From Old School National Cartographic Based Classification toward a Rules Based Real-World Object Oriented National Database
Object of Study• Data assemblage of OSi PRIME2• Examine how ‘real’ things are
understood in the new object oriented data model
• Assess if these change how space is modelled and then acted upon
Time frame • Jan. 2015-2018
Data Management and Ethics• ERC• Maynooth University• SSHRC Tri-Council
Case Study Outputs• Case study report • Data assemblage• Tracing the production of space • Genealogy from class to object• Academic publications
Funding• Programmable City Project
• P.I. Prof. Rob Kitchin• NIRSA, Maynooth University
• European Research Council Advanced Investigator Award
• ERC-2012-AdG-323636-SOFTCITY
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Data Collection
Attend OSi & 1Spatial Road shows and public speaking events
• One day coordinated field trip & group interviews at OSi Sligo(survey data capture unit)• Examine the Prime & Prime2 flow lines• Real-time survey and data update of a building
• 1.5 months as an embedded researcher, OSi in Phoenix Park• One-on-one interviews with key actors (Transcribed audio recordings) • Group interview
• Document Collection
• Collection of objects across time for Dublin
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Heuston station across time
Cassini, 6”, 1st ed. Circa? Cassini 6”, 1943-44Cassini 25”, 1st ed, Circa?
Cassini25”, 1936
Heuston Station, Prime2 MapGenie Heuston Station, Prime2 SOE
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Ireland
Reference
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
1. Way
2. Water
3. Vegetation
4. Artificial
5. Exposed
PolygonSuperimposed
Networked
Sites
Locals
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Objects Skin of the Earth Objects
Reference Object
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Seamless, topologically consistent blanket of polygons that cover the entire surface of Ireland w/no holes or gaps
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Evolution
• Institutionally• Colonial surveyor
• Military Mapping Organization
• Civil Service National Mapping Organization (NMO)
• State Body NMO
• Will become a NMO w/in Tailte Éireann
• Technologically• Data collection
• Techniques
• Scale
• Geometry
• Skill
• Technologies
• Dissemination
• Scope• Colonial mapping
• National mapping
• Post Colonial mapping
• OSi/OSNI/OSGB
• EU / Inspire / NSDI
• Global
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Socio-technological transformation
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Etymology
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Relationality
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Genealogy of a model
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Genealogy of a Model
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Genealogy of a model
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Genealogy of a data model
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Models are also actors
• Models shape • how the world is viewed
• the world of work
• tools & techniques
• the structure of an organization
• how organizations interconnect with others
• Models augment space
• Models are socially constructed
by people
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Skin of the Earth Object Modelling
5 skin of the earth objects • Ways• Water• Vegetation• Artificial• Exposed
• Z-Layer
• Superimposed
• Networked
• Grouped
• GDF1 GDF2 centrelines
• Sites
• Locales
• Boundaries
Seamless, topologically consistent blanket of polygons that
covers the entire surface of Ireland w/no holes or gaps
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3 Methods
• Assemblage
• Making Up Spaces
• Genealogy
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Material Platform
(infrastructure – hardware)
Code Platform
(operating system)
Code/algorithms
(software)
Data(base)
Interface
Reception/Operation
(user/usage)
Systems of thought
Forms of knowledge
Finance
Political economies
Governmentalities - legalities
Organisations and institutions
Subjectivities and communities
Marketplace
System/process
performs a task
Context
frames the system/task
Digital socio-technical assemblage
HCI, Remediation studies
Critical code studies
Software studies
New media studies
Game studies
Critical Social Science
Science Technology Studies
Platform studies Places
Practices
Flowline/Lifecycle
Surveillance Studies
Critical data studies
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Mapping out the Assemblage
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2. Genealogy of a Data Model
Material Platform
(infrastructure –
hardware)
Code Platform(operating system)
Code/algorithms
(software)
Data(base)
Interface
Reception/Operation (user/usage)
Systems of thought
Forms of knowledge
Finance
Political economies
Governmentalities &
legalities
Organisations and institutions
Subjectivities and
communities
Marketplace
System/process performs a task
Contextframes the system/task
Digital socio-technical assemblage
HCI, remediation studies
Critical code studiesSoftware studies
Critical data studies
New media studiesgame studies
Critical Social ScienceScience Technology Studies
Platform studies
Places
Practices
Flowline/Lifecycle
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Data Model Genealogy
20151995 2000 2005 2010
Launch
Prime2
Requirements
Workshop
Award
of bid
RMDS
Production
Freeze
Prime
Restructuring
Prime 1
RMSI data
Re-
engineering
EU
Procurement
Directive
RatifiedOsi
ACT
Tender for
Conceptua
l Model
Inspire
Contract
Awarded,
3 companies
build
prototypes
Data
modelling
discussions
w/OSNI, OS
UK
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3. Making up Spaces
(Modified Ian Hacking Framework of Making Up People, Lauriault 2012)
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Iconic City Things
Prime2 Data
Model
Iconic Object
Way M50 – Red Cow interchange
Water Docklands – Samuel Beckett Bridge / Gasometers
Vegetation Collins Barracks / Esplanade
Building Observatory, GPO, Liberty Hall, Heuston Station, Connelly Station, Collins Barracks, OSI, Conference Centre, Digital hub Guinness Factory, Ivy trust Guinness – flat complexes, park area beano, public baths, Hilton Hotel / Rowntree Sweets, Kilmainham jail & museum, Croke Park / Lansdowne Road
Artificial Bull Wall island
Z-Order Priority Samuel Becket Bridge,Kings Bridge, Halfpenny Bridge (Way & Structure)
Superimposed Objects -
Structure
Nelsons pillar blow up in 1966/Spire? Stiletto in the Ghetto, Wellington monument – obelisk
Divisions City Walls / Antiquity, The Pale, Guinness Walls
Networks – water, rail,
roads
Liffey & Grand Canal, M50, North & South Circular, Heuston, Connelly, Luas
Grouped Objects M50 road network Names. N & S Circular Road, Rivers & Canals
Sites, Locals Trinity (Site), Temple Bar (Locale)
Boundaries Dublin, EDs in Dublin, Baronies, County, Parish
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Multi-scaled Nested Approach
2
0
1
5
1
9
9
5
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
5
2
0
1
0
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1. Classification
2. Object of Study
3. Institutions4. Knowledge
5. Experts
Looping Effect
a. Counting b. Quantifying
c. Creating Norms d. Correlation
e. Taking Action f. Scientification
g. Normalization
h. Bureaucracy i. Resistance
Engines of Discovery
Derived Engines
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OSi Index of Map Sheets
(Pictures of vector lines)
Extract of OSi real-world object database,
PRIME2 Model
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I would like to express my gratitude to all at the Ordnance Survey Ireland (OSi) for generously sharing their knowledge and time.
The research for this paper was funded by a
European Research Council Advanced Investigator
award (ERC-2012-AdG-323636-SOFTCITY.