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Daniela Maldini, Ph.D.Daniela Maldini, Ph.D.
Director of ResearchDirector of Research
Pacific Whale FoundationPacific Whale Foundation
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False killer whalePseudorca crassidens
Length: 11.5 – 19.5 ft (females up to 15 ft)Weight: avg. 1,500 lbGestation: 14-16 monthsLactation: 1.5-2 yearsCalving intervals: 7 yrsLife span: male 58 yrs, female 63 yrs
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Why is it called False Killer Whale?
7U-12L
10U-12L
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Close Relatives in HawaiiPygmy Killer Whales (Feresa attenuata)Melon Headed Whales (Peponocephala elctra)
Pygmy killer whale
Melon-headed whale
9 ft – 365 lbs
8 ft – 350 lbs
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Worldwide DistributionFalse Killer Whales
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Hawaiian Populations•“Pelagic” – offshore•“Insular” – island-associated
•estimated at only 123 animals• effective population size only is 46
• Insular population declined from 1989 to 2010• from 3rd common species in Hawaii• to 9th common species in Hawaii
Aerial survey data from Dr. Joe Mobley, UH
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Movements and Habitat Use
Baird et al. 2010. Movements and habitat use of satellite-tagged false killer whales around the main Hawaiian Islands. Endangered Species Research 10: 107-121.
• Applied satellite tags to 3 groups of insular and one group (1 ind.) of pelagic Pseudoorca;
• Groups from insular population regularly moved between leeward and windward side of the islands;
• Some individuals moved extensively and rapidly among islands;• Others remained associated with the island of Hawaii for longer periods;• Individuals within groups associated and dissassociated over periods of days
sometimes moving >100km apart;• The pelagic individual came within 62km of land (inshore of the longline fishery
exclusion boundary);• Insular groups stayed <100km from shore.
• Distance from shore cannot be used as a strict boundary between populations• Individuals from insular population may overlap with longline fisheries
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Social Structure
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Food Sharing
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Mass Strandings
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Threats
•Hunted in West Indies and Indonesia •Some killed every year in Japan –
•THE COVE – Iki Island•900 killed between 1965-1990
•Long-line fisheries in Hawaii•Persistent organic pollutants (e.g. PCBs, PBDEs)•Reduction in prey size•Deliberate shooting
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•Hawaii-based long-line fishery id the only fishery with an observer program•20% coverge in the deep-set tuna fishery
•False killer whale bycatch exceeded “sustainable levels” since at least 1999•Jan 2010- NMFS formed a Take Reduction Team
•Draft of Take Reduction Plan•Mandatory Circle Hooks•Weak Hooks•Year-round closure of area around main Hawaiian Islands
Measures Being ConsideredIn Hawaii
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PACIFIC WHALE FOUNDATIONPACIFIC WHALE FOUNDATION