DAN MILLMAN’S PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT IN
KEVIN BERNHARDT’S PEACEFUL WARRIOR MOVIE
SCRIPT
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree Sarjana Sastra
in English Letters
By
TIRZA GRACIA SUKENDRO
Student Number: 154214079
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS
UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA
YOGYAKARTA
2019
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
ii
DAN MILLMAN’S PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT IN
KEVIN BERNHARDT’S PEACEFUL WARRIOR MOVIE
SCRIPT
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree Sarjana Sastra
in English Letters
By
TIRZA GRACIA SUKENDRO
Student Number: 154214079
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS
UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA
YOGYAKARTA
2019
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
A Sarjana Sastra Undergraduate Thesis
DAN MILLMAN'S PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT INKEVIN BERNHARDT'S PEACEFUL WARRIOR MOVIE
SCRIPT
ByTIRZA GRACIA SUKENDRO
154214079
Approved by
~Drs. Hinnawan Wijanarka, M. Hum.Advisor
Dr. Tatang IskarnaCo-Advisor
III
13 JUDi 2019
13 JUDi 2019
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
A Smjana Sastra Undergraduate Thesis
DAN MILLMAN'S PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT INKEVIN BERNHARDT'S PEACEFUL WARRIOR MOVIE
SCRIPT
ByTIRZA GRACIA SUKENDRO
Student Number: 154214079
Defended before the Board of Examinerson July 8, 2019
and Declared Acceptable
BOARD OF EXAMINERS
NAME
Secretary : Dr. Tatang Iskama
Chairperson : Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M. Hum.
SIGN'ATURE
~
: Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M. Hum.
: Elisabeth Oseanita Pukan S.S., M.A
: Dr. Tatang Iskama
Member 2
Member 1
Member 3
atang Iskama
IV
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY
I certify that this undergraduate thesis contains no material which has been
previously submitted for the award of any other degree at any university, and that,
to the best of my knowledge, this undergraduate thesis contains no material
previously written by any other person except where due reference is made in the
text of the undergraduate thesis
June 12,2019
Tirza Gracia Sukendro
v
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAHUNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS
Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma
NamaNomor Mahasiswa
: Tirza Gracia Sukendro: 154214079
Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada PerpusatakaanUniversitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul
DAN MILLMAN'S PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT INKEVIN BERNHARDT'S PEACEFUL WARRIOR MOVIE
SCRIPT
Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas SanataDharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain,mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, danmempublikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademistanpa perlu meminta ijin kepada saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada sayaselama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis.
Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya.
Dibuat di YogyakartaPada tanggal 12 Juni 2019
Yang menyatakan,
Tirz Gracia Sukendro
VI
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
vii
“The fear of the Lord
is the beginning of
knowledge: but fools
despise wisdom and
instruction.”
Proverb 1:7
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
viii
I dedicated this
Undergraduate Thesis
to my beloved Parents.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Praise to my God, my Lord, and my Savior, Jesus Christ, for his
blessing and wisdom He has given to me, therefore I finally carry out this
undergraduate thesis.
This research would have never been accomplished without the support
from people behind my back. I would like to express my biggest gratitude to my
thesis advisor Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M. Hum and my co-advisor Dr.
Tatang Iskarna who have been so kind and patient to guide and correct me when
I do some mistakes in this research. Special thanks go to my academic advisor
Mrs. Adventina Putranti, M.Hum. as my mother in Class B 2015.
I also want to say my biggest gratitude to my beloved parents, Herry
Sukendro and Sifora Suhartati, who always got my back and support me
through the good and bad times, especially to the love, prayer, patience, and
everything I could carry out this thesis. I will not forget to say thank you to my
beloved dogs, Cebi and Lulu, that are never bored and tired to accompany me
doing this research day and night.
I would also like to express my sweetest thanks to my dearest friends in
Campus: Deany, Eduardine, Yostin, Adel, Sekar, Angel, Tirza, and everyone
which I cannot mention it here. You guys have made my days in campus
awesome. Also to my Buddies in AIESEC: Diana, Vatma and Dila, thank you
for making it wonderful as well. My sweetest thanks go to my squad GGJ: Sola,
Putri, Mega, Yessa, Tasya, Iccha, Selin, Anita, and Agnes for always
supporting each other to complete our study. YOU GUYS ARE AWESOME!
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE.............................................................................................. ii
APPROVAL PAGE.................................................................................... iii
ACCEPTANCE PAGE.............................................................................. iv
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY......................................................... v
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI
ILMIAH....................................................................................................... vi
MOTTO PAGE........................................................................................... vii
DEDICATION PAGE................................................................................ viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS....................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................... x
ABSTRACT................................................................................................ xii
ABSTRAK.................................................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION.............................................................. 1
A. Background of the Study.................................................................. 1
B. Problem Formulation........................................................................ 4
C. Objective of the Study...................................................................... 4
D. Definition of Terms.......................................................................... 4
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE......................................... 6
A. Review of Related Studies............................................................... 6
B. Review of Related Theories............................................................. 8
1. Theory of Character and Characterization................................ 9
2. Theoory of Personality Development....................................... 11
C. Theoretical Framework..................................................................... 17
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY.......................................................... 18
A. Object of the Study........................................................................... 18
B. Approach of the Study...................................................................... 19
C. Method of the Study......................................................................... 19
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS....................................................................... 21
A. The Description of Dan Millman’s Characteristics.......................... 21
1. Arrogant and Selfish................................................................... 23
2. Grumpy..................................................................................... 25
3. Stubborn...................................................................................... 27
4. Fearful......................................................................................... 27
5. Curious........................................................................................ 30
6. Depressed.................................................................................... 31
B. Personality Development of Dan Millman....................................... 33
1. Regretful.................................................................................... 33
a) Self-concept.......................................................................... 35
2. Fearless and Strong.................................................................... 36
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a) Strong Motivation................................................................. 37
b) Changes in Roles................................................................. 38
3. Unyielding................................................................................. 39
a) Changes in Significant People............................................. 41
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION............................................................... 44
REFERENCES........................................................................................... 47
APPENDICES............................................................................................. 49
1. The Summary of Peaceful Warrior............................................ 50
2. About the Author........................................................................ 53
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ABSTRACT
Sukendro, Tirza G. (2019). Dan Millman’s Personality Development in Kevin
Bernhardt’s Peaceful Warrior Movie Script. Yogyakarta: Departement of
English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University.
This research is aimed at discussing the personality development and
characteristics as seen in Dan Millman. The object of the research is based on the
movie script that was written by Kevin Bernhardt entitled Peaceful Warrior.
There are two goals of this research. The first is to reveal the
characteristics Dan Millman based on the movie script. The second is to find out
the personality developement of Dan Millman. These goals are summarized into
two main problem formulation in this research. They are: How is the character
Dan Millman described in the movie? and How is Dan Millman’s personality
develop?
The researcher uses library research by collecting the data from a movie
script. In analyzing the research, the researcher uses psychological approach to
find out the personality development of Dan Millman. As the theory, the
researcher uses a theory of personality development of Elizabeth Hurlock.
In the analysis, the researcher applied the theory of character and
characterization, and personality development. It helps the researcher to find out
the answer easily. According to Rohrberger and Woods, Dan Millman is a
protagonist character and dynamic character based on Griffith. It is because Dan
Millman is the focus character. The researcher states that Dan Millman is an
arrogant and selfish, grumpy, stubborn, fearful, curious, and depressed character
as it is described in the beginning of the story.
The conclusion of this study is that Dan Millman has experienced some
events which undergoes his personality development. The main point is that after
he meets Soc, his personality begins to develop. He becomes regretful, fearless
and strong, and unyielding person. These personalities are influenced by some
factors based on Hurlock’s theory, they are: changes in self concept, changes in
significant people, changes in role, and strong motivation.
Keywords: characteristics, personality development, Peaceful Warrior
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ABSTRAK
Sukendro, Tirza G. (2019). Dan Millman’s Personality Development in Kevin
Bernhardt’s Peaceful Warrior Movie Script. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Sastra
Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan mengenai Perkembangan
Kepribadian dan karakteristik dari karakter utama dalam film tersebut yaitu Dan
Millman. Obyek dari penelitian ini adalah naskah film Peaceful Warrior yang
ditulis oleh Kevin Bernhardt.
Terdapat dua tujuan dalam penelitian ini. Yang pertama mencari
karakteristik Dan Millman berdasarkan naskah film. Kemudian yang kedua adalah
menjabarkan perkembangan kepribadian dari Dan Millman. Kedua tujuan ini
dirangkum menjadi dua pemecahan masalah: Bagaimana karakter Dan Millman
diceritakan dalam naskah film? dan Bagaimana kepribadian Dan Millman
berkembang?
Dalam menganalisis penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan penelitian
pustaka dengan mengumpulkan data dari naskah film. Peneliti menggunakan
pendekatan psikologi untuk menganalisis perkembangan kepribadian. Teori yang
digunakan yaitu teori perkembangan kepribadian dari Elizabeth Hurlock.
Hasil dari pemecahan masalah dalam penilitian ini, peneliti menerapkan
teori karakter dan karakterisasi, dan perkembangan kepribadian. Berdasarkan
Rohberger dan Woods, Dan Millman merupakan karakter protagonis dan dinamis
menurut Griffith. Ini karena Dan Millman adalah tokoh utama dalam naskah film.
peneliti mengungkapkan bahwa di awal cerita, Dan Millman digambarkan sebagai
karakter yang sombong dan egois, pemarah, keras kepala, ingin tahu, dan depresi.
Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Dan Millman mengalami kejadian
yang membuat kepribadiannya berkembang. Terutama setelah dia bertemu Soc,
kepribadiannya mulai berkembang. Kemudian dia menjadi orang yang mau
mengakui kesalahan, pemberani dan kuat, dan pantang menyerah. Kepribadiannya
dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor: perubahan pada konsep diri, perubahan
signifikan pada individu, perubahan pada peran, dan motivasi yang kuat.
Kata kunci: characteristics, personality development, Peaceful Warrior
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter consists of four parts. They are background of the study,
problem formulation, objectives of the study, and definition of terms. The
researcher wants to explains the reason of this research which is disscussed in the
background of the study. Next, the researcher states about the problem
formulation based on the topic. In objectives of the study, the researcher explains
about the goal of this research based on the problem formulation. The last part of
this chapter is definitons of terms. In this part, the researcher explain about the
meanings of some definition that is used in this research.
A. Background of the Study
Literature is the study of words and the sense of its words. The result of
the study called literary works. Pickering & Hoeper (1981) states that “literature is
a uniquely human activity, born of man's timeless desire to understand, express,
and finally share experiences” (as cited in Mahani, 2016). Literary works have
been identified as something which deals with words and feelings. Talking about
literary works, there are some examples: poem, poetry, play, novel, short story,
and drama. Film is also a part of literary work. Boggs (1978) states that “literature
and films do have many elements in common, and though they are different
mediums, they communicate many things in similar ways” (p. 20). Therefore it is
not surprising if a lot of films which adapted from books or novels. Geiger and
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2
Rutsky (2005) states that movie is visualization of pictures that makes a story.
While Boggs (1978) also explains that film communicates visually through
dramatic action, gesture, and expression, and verbally through dialogue (p. 4). It
means that film is a kind of visualization of the imagination of the readers.
In order to analyze a character in a film, it is not only watching the movie
but it is needed to look farther to the movie script and be able to reveal someone’s
characteristics. This helps a researcher to easily analyze the whole characteristics
of a particular character. Geiger and Rutsky (2005) states that “Reading a film is
not the same as simply viewing a film; it implies more active, critical approach”
(p. 19).
This research focuses in a film, especially in a movie script, which is
adapted from a novel entitled Way of Peaceful Warrior. This novel was written by
an author, Dan Millman which was published in 1980 and later adapted to a
movie in 2006. In a film, the screenplay was written by Kevin Bernhardt entitled
Peaceful Warrior. The author made his name as a main character in the story. The
genre of this movie is motivational and sports.
This story tells about Dan Millman who is a university student. Millman
is a gymnast and has this will to join an Olympic. At the beginning of the movie,
it looks like a horror movie because it shows Millman woke up from a nightmare.
It turns out that in his dream, he broke his leg while joining an Olympic that he
has dreamed to be a part of. At 3 a.m, he went for a jogging and stopped by in a
mini shop to buy some mineral water. He then met this guy who wore different
pair of shoes but he found a strange thing here. The man whom he saw was sitting
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3
on a bench, suddenly standing on a roof in just few seconds. Millman than later
questioning how this can happen quickly. Millman came to this man whom he
gave a name, Socrates or Soc and let Soc trains him to be a real warrior. The way
Soc trained Millman was more into finding what the meaning of life and each
moments were. Actually, this was not what Millman expected before because he
expected that Soc would more train him in physical. Soc explained that to be a
real warrior, he should avoid some factors as an example is no tv, no alcohol, no
drugs, and no sex. After all the training that he did with Soc, Millman happened to
fight his fear by doing a pommel horse. It turned him into arrogant when he told
to Soc. For Soc, this thing didn’t make him amazed because Millman could get
easily satisfied. One day, Millman was in a great anger to Soc and made him into
a motorbike accident. This was the turning point for his life, he broke his leg. He
had no chance to join the Olympic anymore. Thing this made him to break his
fear, therefore Millman kept practicing a lot and he got a motivation from Soc.
Shortly, Millman made him to the Olympic but Soc was missing to a place where
anyone has no idea about it.
The researcher is interested in analyzing and identifying the
characteristics and personality of the character Dan Millman in the movie script.
This research is using a psychological theory as the guidance. This research can
be seen through the personality of Dan Millman which develops in the end of the
story.
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B. Problem Formulation
This research is going to analyze the charateristics and personality
development of the character, Dan Millman. The problems are:
1. How are the characteristics of the character Dan Millman described in the
movie script?
2. How does Dan Millman’s personality develop?
C. Objectives of the Study
There are two objectives of the study. They are characteristics and
personality development. The first goal of this research is to reveal the
characteristics of Dan Millman as shown in the movie script. After discovering
the characteristics, the next objective is to find out personality development of
Dan Millman.
D. Definition of Terms
The researcher aims to give some brief explanations about the definition
of terms that is used in this research. These definitions of terms are needed to be
explained in order to avoid some ambiguous and unclearness meanings in this
research. There are character and personality development.
The first term is character. Abrams (1981) states that characters are the
persons presented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the
reader as being endowed with moral and dispositional qualities that are expressed
in the dialogue and their action. (p. 20). Rohrberger and Woods (1971) explains
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that a narrative is a story and stories involve persons who act out in a particular
time and place (p. 20). It means that character is a main point in the story because
it runs the whole story. “Characters must be credible, that is, readers must accept
them as believable people” (p. 20).
In this research, a character can be seen in Dan Millman. He is the one
that always shows from the beginning to the end of the story.
The second term is personality development. Alloport states that
personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those
psychophysical system that determine his characteristics behavior and thought
(Hurlock, 1974, p. 7). Heinstorm (2013) states that “personality is that pattern of
characteristic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that distinguish one person from
another and that persists over time” (as cited in Gopikrishnan, p. 4). It explains
that personality development points out to what is inside the human and how
human creates that behavior. Based on this research, Dan Millman is truly the one
and only character which show the development towards his personality.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter consists of three main parts. The first is review related
theories and the second part is theoritical framework. The review related theories
aims to dicuss some theories which are using in this study. In this part, the writer
is using two thesis and two journals articles. Next is theoretical framework
explains the contribution of the theories to solve the problems and the reason why
the writer applies those theories.
A. Review of Related Studies
The writer reviews two kinds of studies: thesis and journal article. The
first is a thesis entitled Personality Development of Edmund Pevensie As Seen In
C.S Lewis The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe.
This thesis was written by Antonia Rosa Gravita, English Language Education
Study Program, Sanata Dharma University, 2012. The writer, Antonia, discusses
the character of Edmund Pevensie based on his personality development.
Moreover, the object of this study is to reveal the personality development of
Edmund Pevensie along with the process and factors that can be seen in the novel.
The problem formulation itself is about how Edmund Pevensie’s personality
development is depicted in the novel according to Hurlock’s theory. Then, the
writer analyzes Edmund Pevensie based on Personality Development, character,
and characterization. The writer uses Hurlock’s theory as the reference while
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analyzing the character. Moreover, the psychological approach is also added into
the theory of critical approach. The writer states that:
By using psychological approach, the writer would like to understand the
description of the character which had personality and the character itself
(p. 8)
Finally, Edmund’s personality developments are he becomes loving, he
becomes regretful, and he becomes brave. His personality develpments
are influenced by the changes in significant people, changes in self-
concept, changes in roles, and stong motivation. (pp. 47-48.)
The next is from a thesis entitled An Analysis of Nydia’s Character in
Lytton’s The Last Days of Pompeii Based on the Theory of Personality
Developement. This thesis was written by Lily Subrata, English Language
Education Study Program, Sanata Dharma University, 2009. This study focuses
on the character Nydia as a central character. This thesis consists of three major
problem formulation. They are the characteristic of Nydia as a central character
based on Murphy’s theory, personality development of Nydia based on Hurlock
theory, and the message of the novel conveyed Nydia as a central character. This
thesis is also using psychological approach in order to reveal the first research
question.
The second study is from a journal. This journal was written by Iline
Megale and F.X. Dono Sumardi, Faculty of Language and Arts, Ma Chung
Universiy, 2017, Malang. The title of the journal is The Development of Bilbo
Baggins’ Character through Leadership in J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Hobbit.
The finding confirms the presumption that Bilbo Baggins is a round and
dynamic character because of its complexities and development
throughout the story (p. 113).
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The writers explain that Bilbo, as the character that is explained, happens
to have a development in his personality. The changing begins when he started his
journey with the dwarves.
But after taking the adventure and meeting with lots of unpredictable
things and real challenges, like Trolls, Gollum, Big Spiders, Smaug, and
The Dragon, Bilbo becomes a solid servant leader (p. 142).
The next is a journal article entitled Willy Wonka’s Narcisstic Personality
in Roald Dahl’s Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. This journal article was
written by Bovis Narendra Pratama and Gabriel Fajar Sasmita in 2017. This study
aims to reveal the characteristic and personality disorder of the character Willy
Wonka. The writer is using a theory of Psychoanalitical by Sigmund Freud to
reveal the personality disorder (p. 38).
The researcher is using different studies from the related studies. The
researcher is more into analyzing and focusing to a character Dan Millman. The
researcher also tries to figure out the personality development of Dan Millman as
his hard work to achieve his dream joining an Olympic. The data is collected by
watching the movie and reading the movie script. Furthermore, the analysis are
analyzed by seeing into Dan Millman himself in the script that always shows from
the beginning to the end of the story.
B. Review Related Theories
The theories which are used in this research are theory of personality
development and theory of character and characterization. The aims of having
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these two theories are to analyze and to get a deep understanding of the character
Dan Millman.
1. Theory of Character and Characterization
This study deals with the character and characterization. A character is
described as someone who leads the story. Then, characterization is how the
character described in the story.
a. Theory of Character
Rohrberger and Woods (1971) classify a character into protagonist and
antagonist (p. 20). A protagonist character becomes the focus attention of the plot
of the story. While antagonist character is the opposite of the protagonist
character. In addition, Perrine (1959) explains that a character can be classified
into two. They are static character and dynamic character (as cited in Arp and
Johnson, 2009, pp. 164-165).
Meanwhile, Forster (1974) mentions that there are two kinds of
character. They are flat and round character (p. 46). Flat charcters usually have
only one or two predominant traits; they can be summed up in a sentence or two.
Round characters are somplex and many-sided; they have the three dimensional
quality of real people.
b. Theory of characterization
Murphy (1972) states that there are nine ways to identify how the
character described in the story. They are:
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i) Personal Description
It gives a description towards person’s appearance in details; face, skin,
eyes, and clothing.
ii) Character as Seen by Another
By describing a character through the eyes and opinions of another. The
reader can get a reflected image.
iii) Speech
The author can give the readers perception of a character through what
other character says. When one character gives some opinions in a conversation
with another, that character is giving a clue to another character.
iv) Past Life
Murphy states that by letting the reader learn something about a person’s
past life the author can give us a clue to events that have helped to shape a
person’s character. This can be done by direct comment by the author, though the
person’s thoughts, through his conversation or through the medium of another
person. (p. 166)
v) Conversation of Other
By describing one character through other characters’ conversation and
things they say about him.
vi) Reactions
It is how a character reacts to a particular events, situations, and
conditions.
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vii) Direct Comment
It is commented directly from the author to a character in order to
describe the characteristic of one character.
viii) Thoughts
It is given by the author of a direct knowledge of a person’s thought.
ix) Mannerism
Murphy states that the author can describe a person’s mannerisms, habits,
or idiosyncraises which may also tell us something about his character (p. 173).
Murphy explains this theory to reveal a characteristics of a character in a
novel. Although this research is a movie script and this theory can be used as the
guidance. In terms of analyzing the charcteristics, the researcher is only using four
out of nine ways.
2. Theory of Personality Development
This research discuss about the personality development of the chracter
Dan Millman. Therefore, the researcher is using a theory of Hurlock (1974) which
are elaborated into three different parts. They are the meaning of personality, the
personality pattern, and the changes of personality.
a. The Meaning of Personality
Elizabeth Hurlock (1974) in her book Personality Development explains
about the meaning of personality. She explains that the term “personality” is
derived from the Latin words persona, which means “mask” (p. 6). Hurlock also
states that “personality is often confused with character” (p. 8). Dashiel states that
an individual’s personality is the total picture of his organized behavior, especially
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
12
as it can be characterized by his fellow men in a consistent way (as cited in
Hurlock, 1974, p. 6). Munn also states that personality is “the most charcteristics
integration of an individual’s structure and activities” (as cited in Hurlock, 1974,
p. 6). Meanwhile, Allport also states that personality is “the dynamic organization
within the individual of those psychophysical system that determine his
characteristics behavior and thought” (as cited in Hurlock, 1974, p. 7).
The researcher simplified these statements that personality is a cover for
human’s body, mind, and thought. Therefore, it impacts to their activities toward
society and environment. Character and personality are two different things that
are sometimes confusing. Character is the person who does something and
personality is the cover.
b. Personality Pattern
Hurlock (1974) states that personality pattern is composed of traits, or
spesific qualities of behavior, which characterized the individual’s unique
adjustment to life as shown in his behavior and thought (p. 19). Personality
pattern consists of self-concept and traits. These two things are needed to build a
personality of human. It is impossible that human has no self-concept and trait.
i) Self-Concept
Self-concept can be identified as how a person thinks toward themselves.
It is about their own physical appearance, characteristics, and feelings. It is needed
for human to know their own self-concept in order to discover their identity.
Jerslid clearly giving an understaning toward the meaning of self-concept.
The self, as it finally evolves, is made up of all that goes into a person’s
experiences of his individual existence. It is a person’s “inner world.” It
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is a composite of a person’s thoughts and feelings, strivings and hopes,
fears and fantasies, his view of what he is, what he has been, what he
might become, and his attitudes pertaining to his worth. (as cited in
Hurlock, 1974, p. 21)
Self concept has three kinds. They are real self, ideal self, and social self
(p. 22). Hurlock states that “The real self, for example, is what a person really
believes he is, his ideal self is the person he aspires to be, and his social self is
what he believes others think of him an how they percieve him” (p. 22).
ii) Traits
Hurlock (1974) explains that “The major function of traits is to integrate
lesser habits, attitudes, and skills into larger thought-feeling-action patterns.” (p.
35). It means that traits is the potrayed of human’s components of behavior or
spesific quality of someone’s behavior.
c. Changes in Personality
Personality change toward human’s life happens everytime. This change
means that the person is always growing especially in social life. The change is
starting from teenager to adulthood. In the stage of teenager, a person starts to
wonder about their self-image whether they have achieved the self-image that they
want or not. Wyllie (1957) explains that the biggest problem in teenager is about
the ideal of self-image
By the time a child has reached adolescene he has formed a more or less
precise image of what he and his culture expect of him as an adult. One
of the principal problems for an adolescent then is to conduct his life so
that he has the feeling he is achieving this ideal image of himself. (as
cited in Hurlock, 1974, p. 119)
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d. Characteristics of Change in Personality
The change in personality also has characteristics which are divided into
three important parts as follows:
i) Better versus worse
It is not a rare phenomena that the personality of a person changes into
good or bad. It depends on how they react to the event occurs on their
environment in a particular time. The changing can be in physical or social
change.
ii) Quantitative versus qualitative
According to Hurlock (1974), “qualitative changes are either the
complete replacement of desirable trait by an undesirable one or vice versa, do not
normally occur even in the early years of life. For the most part, changes are
quantitative: Characteristics already present are reinforced, strengthened, or
weakened.”
iii) Slow versus rapid changes
Changes are regarded as slow if they are perceptible while rapid changes
are readily apparent to all. Normally, personality changes are slow and gradual
(pp. 121-122).
e. Conditions responsible for personality change
There are some important points about the conditions responsible for
personality change. They are physical change, changes in environment, changes in
significant people, changes in social pressures, changes in roles, strong
motivation, changes in the self concept, and psychotherapy (p. 24).
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i) Physical change
Hurlock (1974) states that “Physical change may come from maturation
and decline or from illness, organic, and glandular disturbances, injuries, or some
other conditions resulting from the person’s life pattern but unrelated to the
normal changes in the body structure” (p. 124).
ii) Changes in environment
According to Hurlock (1974), changes are always affect to someone’s
behavior in characteristics. Therefore, the changes in environment have some
important things.
To have a favorable effect on the personality pattern, changes in
environment must do four things. First, they must improve the status of
the person, and by doing so, enable him to feel more secure and
adequate. Second, the changes must enable the person to be more in
equilibrium with his environment in the sense that the environment meet
his need at that time. Third, the changes must enable him to come closer
to his ideal. And fourth, by providing opportunities for broader social
experiences with people of different cultural backgrounds and with
different valies and ideals, they must help the person see himself more
realistically and revise his goals and aspirations in keeping with his
abilities (p. 125).
The changes in environment happens in all ages of life. Starting from
chilhood, adolescence, and adulthood or old age. The changing depends on where
the people grow. Whether the place that they grow are in the same neighborhood
or not because it affects to the self-concept of the changes in environment.
iii) Changes in significant people
Hurlock states that “When the significant people in individual’s life
change, and when he tries to to adapt his pattern of behavior and his attitudes,
beliefs, values, and aspirations to theirs changes in his personality is inevitable”
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(p. 126). It means that changes in significant people gives a great effect to
someone’s personality.
iv) Changes in social pressures
Children who is in the stage of growing up, especially adolescene, like to
imitate from the significant people. This thing happen when those people are
trying to change their personality trait. The phenomena also happen to a person
who wants to be accepted in one particular place. It means that they want to adapt
in a new place and environment then it results a social pressure. The social
pressure affects to their characteristics.
v) Changes in role
The role in changes reflect to the status and position. Hurlock (1974) said
that “If role changes result in a more favorable status, there will be a change for
the better in the person’s self-concept” (p. 127).
vi) Strong motivation
According to Hurlock “When the motivation to improve the personality
pattern is strong enough, changes can be affected. Ordinarily people are more
strongly motivated to change those traits which they believe will improve their
social relationships and earn them greater social acceptance. Even then, the
changes are mainly quantitative; existing socially approved traits are strengthened
and socially disapproved traits are weakened” (p. 127).
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vii) Changes in the self-concept
Hurlock states that “Changing one’s self-concept requires tremendeous
self-insight. This means that a person must be able and willing to see himself as he
actually is, not as he would like to be or as others perceive him” (p. 128).
viii) Psychotherapy
After someone has been motivated, then he is trying to change the self-
concept and even change the bad habit. Then, he also starts to find a new thought
about himself. “Psychotherapy is based on the assumption that a poorly adjusted
person can make better adjustments if he is helped to develop a more favorable
self-concept” (p.129).
C. Theoretical Framework
In this study, the researcher will explain the theories that are used in
order to answer the research questions. The theories that are used in this study are
theory of character and characterizations, and theory of personality development.
The first one is theory character and characterizations. This theory is
used to reveal the character Dan Millman. The theory of characterization is aim to
describe what character of Dan Millman looks like. The theories that are used are
from Rohrberger and Woods (1971) and Murphy (1972). The second is theory of
personality development. The researcher is using a theory of Elizabeth Hurlock
(1974) which is used to reveal the development of personality of Dan Millman.
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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter is divided into three parts. They are object of the study,
approach of the study, and method of the study. In object of the study, the
researcher would like to explain about the data and source that is used in this
research. In approach of the study, the researcher would like to explain about the
approach that is used as the guidance to this research. Next is method of the study.
In this part, the researcher explains about the method that can be used to analyze
this research.
A. Object of the Study
The object of this research is a movie script of Peaceful Warrior. This
movie script is adapted from a book entitled Way of Peaceful Warrior which was
written by Dan Millman. The movie was directed by Victor Salva and the
screenplay was made by Kevin Bernhardt. The movie itself was released in 2006.
The author’s name and the character’s name are the same, Dan Millman.
There are some important characters in the movie Peaceful Warrior but the
character Dan Millman is the central character. Millman is always in the
beginning to the end of the story. The other characters are Socrates, Trevor,
Tommy, and Joy.
This story is about Dan Millman who is a gymnast who has a big will to
join an Olympic. There is a character Soc as a trainer and motivator for Millman
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to be a real warrior. Being a real warrior, it is needed to know the meaning of life
and has a big will.
B. Approach of the Study
The researcher is using psychological approach because this is related to
the study about personality development. Psychological approach is a study of
human, behavior and habits, along with the thought and interpretation. Rohrberger
and Woods (1971) states that the psychological involves the effort to locate and
demonstrate certain recurrent pattern and the complexity of thought, behavior, and
actions (p. 13). Hurlock (1974) in her book Personality Development explains that
psychological system is composed of habits, attitudes, emotional states,
sentiments, motives, and beliefs (p. 7). In terms of using the psychological
approach in this research, it guides the researcher directly to a strong
understanding of the meaning of a literary work. Hurlock (1974) identifies that the
psychological self-concept includes the person’s attitudes toward his abilities and
disabilities (p. 26). While discussing psychological approach in literature, it is
actually also discussing about the imagination thought and feeling of the author.
C. Method of the Study
This research is analyzing the character Dan Millman in the movie script.
The researcher is using library research because the data is collected by the
sources, they are watching movies and reading the movie script.
In this section, the researcher did several steps in terms of analyzing the
character Dan Millman. The first step was collecting some data by watching the
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movie and reading the movie script. Then, the researcher was interested to analyze
the character Dan Millman and the personality development. After finding the
topic, the researcher finds the problem formulation.
Second, the researcher found the related theories of the study. This aims to
help the researcher to analyze the problem formulation. The researcher finds some
theories in order to support the problem formulation. Then, the theories that are
used are theory of character, characterization, and personality development which
later be discussed in critical approach.
Third, the researcher started to analyze the characteristics of a character,
Dan Millman and applied the theories to support the answers based on the
problem formulation. After finding the characteristics of Dan Millman, the
researcher then started to analyze the personality development.
Last, the researcher was making the conclusion of this research.
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CHAPTER 1V
ANALYSIS
In this chapter, the researcher answers the problem formulation which are
divided into two parts. The first is to reveal and answer the characteristics of Dan
Millman that is described in a movie script by applying the theories
characterization that are mentioned in the previos chapter. The next is to reveal
and elaborate the personality development of Dan Millman by using theory of
personality development.
A. The Description of Dan Millman’s Characteristics
According to Rohrberger and Woods, a protagonist character is the focus
attention, central, and core character that is described in the story. In this case,
Dan Millman is the protagonist character. There are one character that is always
told in the movies script, Socrates or Soc, but Soc is just the one who actually
helps Dan Millman in order to achieve his dream.
Millman is also described as a dynamic character. According to Perrine
(1959), a dynamic character has passed some changes. In this case, Millman has
passed some events and conflicts. The events are the turning point of Dan
Millman which slowly changes him and affects his personality development.
Griffith (1986) states that dynamic character is also described as a round
character. In this point, Millman also around character because he is both
protagonist and dynamic character that are connected each other. The first is he is
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the main and core character in the story. The second is that he has passed some
events which are slowly change him and also his personality development.
The researcher is analyzing the characteristics of Dan Millman before
analyzing the personality development. In terms of finding the characteristics of
Dan Millman, the author is using four out of nine ways based on the theory of
Murphy (1972). The first is character as seen by another. It is from a description
of a character through the opinions of others. The second is speech. The
researcher analyzes Dan Millman by seeing the characters through the perception
from what other characters say. The third is conversation of other by describing
one character through other characters’ conversation. The fourth is reactions. It is
about how Dan Millman reacts to any particular events, situation, and conditions.
The researcher will describe the character Dan Millman based on the
theory of Murphy (1972). In the movie script, Dan Millman is described as an
athlete in gymnastic or Gymnast. It can be seen from the passage below:
COACH:
All right, Millman. Nice.
Tight. Lower your shoulders.
Good. Keep it tight.
(line 45-47)
The passage above is from the speech of other character, Coach. The
coach is leading the practice for all the athletes. Coach is giving attention to Dan
Millman because he is hanging to show some gymnastic movements.
DAN:
I know. I'm a gymnast.
(line 101)
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From the conversation above, it gives direct explanation that Dan
Millman is a Gymnast. He is questioning about how Soc can go to the rooftop
only in a few seconds. Therefore, he introduces himself as a Gymnast to Soc. It is
because as a Gymnast, he needs to know how Soc can do it. This will help him to
reach his dream in winning the Olympic.
Dan Millman comes from a middle up family and he is also categorized
as a smart student. This can be seen from the passage below:
DAN:
My dad's got plenty of cash,
school's kind of a breeze,
I get straight A's.
I got great friends, I'm in great shape,
(line 141-144)
The goal of the next section is to reveal the characteristics of Millman
before he passed some events which change his personality development.
Millman is a person who is so ambitious and actually living in his own fear. He is
so ambitious to join and also to be the winner in the Gymnastic Olympic.
Therefore, he happens to face nightmare which unconsciously leads him into his
fear. After he meets Soc, everything has changed him step by step. The researcher
is using Murphy’s theory to reveal his characteristics.
a. Arrogant and Selfish
According to Oxford Dictionary, arrogant is “behaving in a proud,
unpleasant way, showing little thought of other people.” (p. 68). Selfish is “Caring
only about yourself rather than about other people.” (p. 1360).
Dan Millman is an arrogant and selfish character. He thinks that he is the
one who can beat other gymnasts, including his good friends. His arrogance and
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selfishness also shown in his ambition but more into ambitious. Trying so hard to
convince everyone that he is the one and only great gymnast in his community. It
can be seen from the passage below:
DAN:
I can do this.
I've been working on it.
(line 55-56)
It happens when Dan is at the gym practice. He is doing an extra
movement which is actually not being recommended by the Coach. From that
evidence it can be proven that Dan is an arrogant character. The other evidence is
that showing by the opinion from other characters.
TREV:
That's why he's trying to do it.
Thinks it's gonna make him
lord of the rings.
Only, with Middleman, it's where he tries
to tear both arms out of their sockets.
(line 76-80)
From the passage above, Dan Millman is trying to show off his ability in
gymnastic which actually only makes him hurt and embarrased him. He thinks
that the Coach and others will be amazed but it just didn’t work out for him at that
time.
TOM:
With friends like you, who
needs assholes, right, Dan-o?
(line 195-196)
TREV:
Calm down. What? You
want to fight Tommy?
(line 197-198)
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The passage above is seen from what other characters say about him.
This conversation happens at the party that Dan Millman attends. He is talking to
Tom and Tom is asking about the girl who Dan has dated with. It turns out that
the girl is Tom’s girl. Then, the fighting happens and Dan is trying to fight
Tommy which actually his good friend. His attitude toward Tom is arrogant
because a love life can ruin a friendship.
b. Grumpy
Based on Oxford Dictionary, grumpy is “bad-tempered.” It is the
synonym of angry. Dan Millman is potrayed as a grumpy character. At the
beginning, he is described as an arrogant person and he can react to a particular
event and situation emotionally. He can get easily mad toward everything which
is not the same as his thought.
SOC:
I call you a jackass
when you act like a jackass.
Like now, Dan, when you're
letting your emotions control you.
(line 732-735)
The passage above is showing a direct explanation about Dan that he
cannot control his emotion at that time. He is always saying and answering in a
high pitch as if he is having an argument with his enemy. He just wants to be seen
as a person who has a great knowledge so that people can call him a smart man.
When he meets Soc, what always comes in his mind are just completely wrong.
Therefore, while Soc is reacting toward Dan’s opinion and thought, Dan is
completely like mad.
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DAN:
Hey!
Hey! I'm talking to you.
What the hell is wrong with you?
(line 452-454)
The passage is the reaction of Dan about the situation that has just
happened to him. He is being thrown out of the bridge by Soc because Dan is in a
hurry to attend a pommel horse try-outs.
DAN:
Come on, Soc! This is what
I was finally ready to see?
(line 1356-1357)
Dan also likes to complain on things that is different from his expectation. The
passage above happens when Soc invites Dan to do hiking as one of the trainings.
He expects that he is gonna see something which amazed him and he will never
forget it. It turns out that it’s just the opposite. Dan doesn’t see something
magnificent above the hill and he complains Soc. The way he complains to Soc is
a bit sarcastic.
DAN:
Christ, Soc, how far
are we gonna take this?
They could have killed us!
They could have killed us!
You could have kicked every
single one of those guys' asses.
Instead, we're probably gonna get
picked up for indecent exposure.
(line 1060-1067 )
The passage above is the reaction from Dan. Both Dan and Soc at first
are walking together and suddenly they are blocked out by the thiefs.
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c. Stubborn
Millman is also a stubborn character. In Oxford dictionary, Stubborn is
“not to change your opinion or attitude” (p. 1503). In this case, Dan is always
blaming everything that Soc said and feels like he is the one who knows
everything. Especially when Soc asks him to do something, he doesn’t want to do
and he doesn’t want to change his opinion. It can be seen from the passage below:
SOC:
You don't want to hit me?
(line 410)
DAN:
I don't want to hurt you.
(line 411)
SOC:
I guess I'll just have to
keep slapping you then.
(line 412-413)
The passage above is telling that Soc is slapping Dan’s face. Soc is asking
whether Dan wants to slap him back or not, but Dan prefers not to slap him back
because he feels that Soc is older than him. That is actually the training that Dan
has to do in order to achive the goal as a real warrior. The way Dan rejects Soc is
so stubborn. He kept rejecting the things that Soc asks.
d. Fearful
Being a gymnast is unconsciously giving a pressure to Dan Millman. He
always thinks on how he is going to make it to the Olympic. This thing is actually
showing that he is living in a fear. He just cannot recognize it by himself but what
inside his mind is actually ghosting him anywhere and everywhere. He is a fearful
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character who is afraid to fall. Based on Oxford dictionary, fearful is another word
for afraid (p. 550). It can be seen from the passage below:
SOC:
So why can't you sleep at night?
Yesterday, you came here
at 3:00 a. m. Now, tonight.
That's two nights in a row.
(00:12:39,302 --> 00:12:49,354, line 147-150)
The passage above is telling that Soc gives a clue about Dan Millman’s
characteristics. Dan is always meeting Soc in the early day at 3 a.m. It is obvious
that actually Dan has something on his mind. This thing which always wakes him
up at 3 a.m but he just cannot recognize it.
DAN:
What would you say if I told you
that I keep seeing those shoes
in a dream I keep having?
(line 219-221)
The passage above is another evidence. That can be seen from his reaction to a
particular situation and condition, which is always seeing Soc everywhere he
goes. The way he is always seeing Soc is actually distracts his mind and kind of
making him feel scared and annoyed. In this situation, Soc is having a role as a
trainer for Dan Millman. It’s like everytime Dan does something that is
prohibited, Soc will always appear on his mind and as a reminder to him to do the
right way.
SOC:
Why can't you sleep?
Is it because,
maybe, late at night,
when all the noise dies down and
you're lying there in the bed,
and there's nobody around but you,
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then, maybe, you get a little scared?
Scared because suddenly
everything feels so
empty.
(line 317-326)
The passage above is also the evidence that Dan is a fearful character.
It’s like he is lonely and needed someone to talk with about his unconscious fear.
Therefore, Soc is making some assumption of the reasons why Dan always comes
and visits him at midnight or early morning. Then Soc is trying to give an advice
to Dan that he should not have to be worried about his fear. It can be seen from
the passage bellow:
SOC:
You tell me you want to be more than
just someone who gets up on those rings
and performs
a well-practiced stunt or two.
You tell me
you want to be someone
who uses his mind and his body
in ways that most people would
never have the courage to,
and I will train you, Dan,
to be a real warrior.
(line 327-337)
It is true that Dan is actually living in a fear that comes from his own
mind. A fear that keeps ghosting and following anywhere he goes. It can be
shown by the passage below:
DAN 2:
Look at you.
Hanging on for dear life.
Afraid to fall.
(line 907-909)
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In the passage above is shown by another character. The other character
is Dan 2 which is actually the shadow of Dan Millman. This shadow
unconsciously lives in him and actually his fear keeps intimidating and ghosting
him.
e. Curious
As a round character, Millman is described as a curious character. In
Oxford Dictionary, the word curious means “having a strong desire to know about
something.” (p. 365). His curiousity can be seen in the way he talks to people. He
is always asking about something that he really wants to know but he is more into
forcing them to tell.
DAN:
You can tell me how you did it.
(line 92)
SOC:
You like things explained.
Don't you?
(line 93-94)
The passage above is the opinion of other character. It takes place on the
gas station where Soc works. Dan Millman is coming at the early morning as the
first time he mets Soc while he was jogging. He is curious about how Soc can go
to the rooftop only in a few seconds. Therefore, Soc says that what Dan Millman
wants to know then everyone has to tell it.
His curiousity actually also leads him to be an annoying character. He
will always keep asking and asking about what he wants to know and give no
attention in what condition and situation is.
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DAN:
Yeah,
name one thing I'm addicted to.
(line 704-705)
SOC:
Talking.
Especially interrupting.
(line 706-707)
It is clear that his attitude is kind of making him annoying because as what Soc
directly says that he is always interrupting in the middle of the conversation. In
this case, it is true that Dan Millman always asks Soc everything but not in a good
way.
f. Depressed
Dan Millman begins to be described as a depressed character. In Oxford
Dictionary, depressed is another word for almost having no hopes. (p. 401). At
the very beginning of the story, Dan Millman is potrayed as an ambitious
character. It is like he is obsessed to be a professional athele, although he is
actually a gymnast. His ambitious leads him into a big failure in his gymnastic life
and changed him. He got an accident while driving his motorbike.
TOM:
You ran a red light, man.
Can you believe that?
(line 770-771)
The conversation that can be seen from another character is as the evidence. It
happens after Dan Millman is getting a motorbike accident. He is rushing in a
very high speed and suddenly he was hit by the car. Dan then breaks his leg and
he faints. All of his team comes to visit him at the hospital and everyone tries to
talk with him eventhough he still faints.
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DAN:
I don't need anyone
to hold my hand right now.
My leg is in a cast.
When does it come off?
(line 787-790)
That is his first nightmare happens and he begins to know that that is his
turning point of his life. He breaks his leg and not be able to walk in a very short
time. It takes more or less eight months for him to recover.
JOY:
Maybe I don't think your
leg is the only thing
that got broken.
I know this is
a scary moment for you.
(line 832- 836)
The statement shows from another character about the situation of Dan Millman
after the accident which leads him into a depression. He breaks his leg and feels
everything just ruins his dream. It is true that that is a scary moment for Dan
Millman. It can be shown from his reaction toward this situation that happens to
him.
DAN:
I don't know what to do now.
(line 932)
That statement is from Dan to Soc. He is telling Soc that he has tried to convince
the coach about the Olympic that he wants to be a part of. Dan also says that he
will make it to the Olympic only for eight months and has a very good confidence,
but it turns out that the coach is giving no good answer to Dan. Therefore, Dan is
depressed toward his gymnastic life whether he can make it or not to join the
Olympic.
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B. Personality Development of Dan Millman
In this part, the researcher will reveal the personality development of the
character Dan Millman as it has mentioned in the previous chapter. Dan Millman
finally realizes and changes after the accident that happened to him. In his
developing process, he has new situation and condition which lead him to be a
better person.
a. Regretful
In the beginning of the story, it can be seen that Dan Millman is a very
arrogant, stubborn, and grumpy character. He always wants to get everything
instantly and doesn’t really want to hear and know about others. His arrogancies
and selfishnesses actually let himself fall. Therefore, he begins to understand that
his situation is truly changing.
DAN:
What's happening to me?
I don't cry.
(line 937-938)
The passage above is commented directly from Dan and telling about his
condition. He begins to cry over things that he has made. He almost has nothing to
do after the accident that almost ruins his own dream. One of the factors that
makes him to be like this is that he ignores what Soc has told him, about the
things he should and shouldn’t do to be a real warrior. Soc is the only character
who always gives motivation to Dan and always there for Dan through the ups
and downs of his life.
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SOC:
All you need to do is be
conscious about your choices
and responsible
for your actions.
(line 1010-1013)
The passage above is the opinions of Soc toward Dan’s condition. Soc is
giving an advice and motivating Dan to move on from his regret. When someone
is being in a deep regret, it can take away their happiness and change. Therefore,
Soc is trying to get back Dan’s spirit by saying that it is needed to understand
about the choices that are made and to be liable toward the choice.
DAN:
Listen, I just came here
to say,
I haven't always been
a very good friend.
In fact, I can't remember the last
time I was somebody's good friend.
(line 1098-1103)
The passage above is the reaction of Dan about the situtation that he
faced. He is feeling regretful and starts to apology to his friends, Trev and Tom,
because he cannot be a good friend so far. Dan has always been a very selfish
person and what comes on his thought is just how to win himself and never cares
to others feeling.
TOM:
Hey, it gets crazy, you know?
I mean, what are you gonna do when we're
always competing against each other?
(line 1104-1106)
The passage above is the reaction of Tom after Dan is apologizing. Tom
also feels that so far Trev, Tom, and especially Dan are competing each other.
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35
They don’t really understand and listen about each other’s feelings. They just
always tries to find a way to win themselves. In fact, they are actually good
friends but their ambitions ruin the friendship that they have built. Especilly Dan,
he feels sorry about the things that he has made and to the situation in his
community.
Self concept is as one of the main point of the development of Dan
Millman’s personality. According to Hurlock (1974) which means that one
individual need to see themself as what they actually is. In this case, the
conditions and situations around him make him realize and have an instropection.
It can be seen that Dan finally realizes and regretting the attitude that he has made
to others. He begins to have a self-instropection that being arrogant and selfish are
two things that can ruin himself and his dream.
DAN:
I'm sorry.
Okay? I'm sorry.
I thought I was strong
but I'm not.
'Cause I really tried
to give this whole thing up
but I can't.
(line 1307-1313)
The quotation above is showing that Dan Millman is having a self-instropection
that all the things that he has done to himself and others are wrong. He begins to
understand that his arrogancies and selfishness are two main points that ruin his
dream.
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b. Fearless and Strong
After Dan finally realizes and regrets about the things that he has done,
he changes from a fearful to be a fearless person. He can fight his fear and change
his mind to throw away his fear.
DAN:
It's you, isn't it?
You're the one
I have to let go of.
(line 918-920)
The passage above shows that Dan is starting to be a fearless person to
make himself released from his own fear. A fear that always follows him
anywhere and everywhere he goes. It happens right after he meets someone who
look exactly alike him and it can be said that that is his shadow. He realizes that if
he still holds on to his fear or shadow, he will always be the same person who is
always afraid and not ready of seeing himself falling in achieving his dream.
DAN:
There's never
nothing going on.
There are no ordinary moments.
(line 985-987)
The passage above is shown from Dan. It happens after Soc asked Dan to
sit on an old Plymouth car to find a value of life. This is a part of Dan’s training,
especially this is a motivation for Dan to become a fearless and strong person. Soc
doesn’t want Dan to come back and see him if Dan hasn’t found the real answer
of the value of life, especially the value that explain his situation that he has been
through. After he tries to give Soc some answers, he finally finds one and Soc
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37
agrees about it. The passage above means that every moments that happen has a
reason and it is a precious.
DAN:
First day without
the training wheels.
No cane, no crutches.
(line 1095-1097)
The passage above is showing that Dan is finally brave to walk without
these equipments, such as cane and crutches, which always helps him to walk
after he breaks his leg. It happens when Dan meets Tom and Trev to apology
some mistakes that he has made to him, it turns out that he comes alone without
the cane and crane. This action is showing him as a brave person and also he
wants to show others that he is strong and his attitude is making him heals from
the pain that he got. The pain that almost ruins his dream to beat at the Olympic
and become a professional Gymnast. It turns out that he can let go from the pain
and fear that always follows him.
There are two factors that influence his personality development. The
first is changes in roles and strong motivation
i) Strong Motivation
According to Hurlock (1974) “When the motivation to improve the
personality pattern is strong enough, changes can be affected (p. 124).” It can be
seen from Dan Millman who gets strong motivation from Soc.
SOC:
I told you a warrior
does what he loves.
(01:34:25,422 --> 01:34:27,299, line 1291-1292)
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38
The quotation above is the evidence. Dan Millman gets a motivation
from Soc and this thing changes him to be a fearless and strong person. Soc has
taught Dan that as a real warrior, it is not good to just easily give up on every
events that can make him down. Having Soc who always got his back is definitely
helping him to be a better person.
Another motivation comes within himself. He starts to reallize that she
has done something bad towards others and himself, especially his grumpy
characteristics. After meeting Soc, he begins to understand and learn some good
things which can make him to control his emotion. Therefore Dan Millman can
react to any particular events wisely. He wants to fix every mistakes that he made.
DAN:
Not about the gold.
Not about what your dad
thinks about you.
Not about anything
but that one moment in time.
(line 1466-1470)
The quotation above is showing that after he gets motivation within
himself, he can motivate others too. In that case, Tom is being motivated by Dan
that joining the competition is not only about chasing the gold but to live the
moment which can be a good story in the future.
ii) Changes in Roles
The changes in roles is as the first personality in Dan Millmab’s
development. Hurlock (1974) states that “If role changes result in a more
favorable status, there will be a change for the better in the person’s self-concept
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39
(p. 127).” It can be concluded that if one individual is having a chance to be a
better a good individual then the personality is developed.
ANNOUNCER:
Now, Dan is quite the wild card, Bart,
because less than 10 short months ago,
this young man actually shattered
his leg in a motorcycle accident.
(line 1490-1493)
The passage above is showing that Dan Millman can make it to the
Olympic. After he is feeling deppressed towards his condition and situation, he
begins to change. After he is living in a fear, he can make it up to be a fearless and
strong. Dan Millman never stops to train and exercise more and more. In fact, his
hard work paid off and he becomes greater than before.
c. Unyielding
The accident that happes to him never stop him to reach his dream. The
best way is finding some good ways to release from his nightmare. Dan is
potrayed as a curious character, which means as a curious character in a bad way.
At this point, his curiousity leads him to be an unyielding person who has no
intension to give up in finding a good way to realease from his bad dream.
DAN:
Hospital doesn't think so, but
I'm gonna be off this cane soon.
Then, I'm back.
(line 859-861)
The passage above is commented by Dan to the Coach. He meets Coach
at the Campus near the Gym and at first they have a small talk. Coach is telling
Dan that he is happy to meet him after a long time. Dan is also telling Coach that
he is doing better and better everyday. Dan is actually having a purpose while he
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
40
meets Coach. He just wants to tell Coach that he has a crazy thought and a big
will to come back to Gymnastic life. He really wants to do it although what the
doctor don’t think so but it never stops him.
DAN:
What if I get back? Huh?
What if I get back to where I was?
You wouldn't want me on the team?
(line 876-878)
Dan is telling and convincing to Coach that he will come back and he
means it. It seems that Coach doesn’t think so and tells to Dan that it almost
impossible if Dan can go to the Olympic in eight to ten months after he breaks his
leg. Dan thinks that just because someone’s breaks their legs doesn’t mean they
will stop to reach their dreams. It also happens to Dan, Coach seems
underestimates Dan’s ability to make it to the Olympic.
DAN:
You can't give up on me.
(line 883)
The passage above directly shows that Dan Millman is an unyielding
character. All that he wants to do is to convince Coach that he is gonna make it to
the Olympic. It turns out that Coach doesn’t believe him and underestimates him.
Then, Dan Millman doesn’t agree with what Coach thinks about him and he
denies him. Dan Millman denies Coach by saying that he will never let anyone
and Coach give up and underestimates him, especially his condition right now.
SOC:
I think you should continue
your training as a gymnast.
A warrior does not give up
what he loves, Dan.
He finds the love
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41
in what he does.
(line 1146-1151)
The passage above is commented directly from Soc to Dan that he is a
very unyielding person. Soc is having this conversation with Dan after Dan meets
his friends, Tom and Trev, and Coach. Dan is telling to Soc that Coach seems give
up on him , and he truly is. Soc knows Dan better that he is actually a person who
cannot easily give up, especially the curiosity actually leads him into an
unyielding person. It is because when he once wants to know something, he will
definitely dig in to some informations until he finally reaches the answers. Just
like in this case, Soc is showing that Dan needs to come back to come back and
continue the training. He knows that it is good for Dan to forget all that the bad
things that hit him and move on, instead of crying and regretting the moments that
scared him out.
SOC:
You don't need him or any letter to get
up on those rings and do what you love.
(line 1162-1163)
The passage above is a statement that is commented by Soc to Dan. The
intension of the passage above is showing that Soc is giving Dan an advice that he
is such an unyielding person. Soc is telling Dan that no one can blow his dream
away when he is about to reach it. The passage above is telling that Soc knows
that Dan will never give up thus he will always keep on going.
His personality starts to develop because one factor that influence him. It
is the changes if significant people. Hurlock (1974) states that the changes in
significant people can give great effect to someone’s personality. In this case, Soc
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
42
is giving a great effect to Dan Millman. After Dan meets Soc, everything is
changing and this change is in good ways. Soc never gives up to encourage and
train Dan, especially after Dan is having an accident. Dan might be stubborn but
Soc is more calm and it makes Dan does as what Soc has asked.
SOC:
When you feel fear,
use the sword.
Take it up here
and cut the mind to ribbons.
Slash through
all those regrets and fears
and anything else that lives
in the past or the future.
(line 1127-1134)
The passage above shows that Dan is showing his kindness through his
speech. He wants to help Dan who is having a big problem that almost ruin his
dream. The way Soc reacts to Dan’s situatuion is to convince that there is no need
to be afraid of in order to reach a dream. He also shows his affection to Dan by
always there for Dan even Dan ever dissapoints Soc by not listening to his rules.
DAN:
That's gonna be me, now.
I'll do whatever you think I should.
(line 1142-1143)
The quotation above is showing that Soc can change the way Dan thinks.
Dan begins to understand that what Soc has said to him is right. Soc has no
intention to let him down. In fact, Soc is helping Dan Millman to reach his
dream. Dan Millman wants to fix his mistakes not to hear what Soc has forced.
There are two characteristics of Dan Millman’s personality development
that can be found in this research are better and slow. His personality changes to
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43
be better because he has passed some events which make him realize that he was
wrong in reacts to any particular events. His personality development is slow
because it takes time and process.
.
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44
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION
In this chapter, the researcher points out the conclusion from this
research after analyzing based on the problem formulation. According to the title
Dan Millman’s Personality Development in Kevin Bernhardt’s Peaceful Warrior
Movie Script, the researcher analyzes the character Dan Millman based on the
pyschological approach.
The first problem is about how the character Dan Millman is described
based on the Peaceful Warrior movie script. It is about the characteristics of Dan
Millman. Based on the personal description, Dan Millman is described as a
gymnast which is an athlete in Gymnastic. He described as a character which
comes from a middle up family. Another personal description is he is a smart
student. It is seen from his statement that he almost got A in every subjects in
college.
Dan Millman is described as an arrogant and selfish character. As an
arrogant and selfish character, Dan is also described as an ambitious person. It can
be seen based on the way he wants to win himself and make it to the Olympic.
He also described as a grumpy character. It is because he is difficult to
behave in order to face every situation and condition that he face. Dan is difficult
to control his emotion. When someone is giving a statement toward his action, he
will be mad.
Dan Millman is a stubborn character. He almost has no intention if
someone ask him to do something. The fact that he only wants to win himself is
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
45
making him as a stubborn person. He thinks that he can do whatever he wants
without the help of other people.
Fearful is also Dan’s characteristics. His fear actually comes out from
his own mind but he just doesn’t realize it. He is feeling scared of falling in
Gymnastic life. He once meets a person who looks exactly alike him, it turns out
that it is just his shadow. The shadow that is potrayed as his fear and always is
ghosting him in everywhere he goes.
As a character that is potrayed as a curious person, Dan Millman is kind
of annoying and interrupting His curiosity leads him into an annoying person
because he doesn’t stop asking question.
Depressed is also one of Dan Millman’s characteristics. The fact hat
Dan is having an accident and breaks his leg is making him anxious and
depressed. At first he thinks that he is gonna make it to the Olympic and seeing
that his legs are broken, he thinks that his dreams are ruined.
After finding the charateristics of Dan Millman, it can be seen that Dan
Millman undergoes some events that makes his personality develops. At first, Dan
is regretful because he has made some mistakes to his friends and regrets that he
doesn’t follow what Soc says to him. It also happens because there is a self-
instropection inside himself. His personality developes that is influenced by self
concept which can make him see himself of what he actually is.
The second personality development of Dan Millman are fearless and
strong. The condition when he can against his own fear makes him a fearless
person. He is also strong because he can have this will to beat at the Olympic with
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46
his broken leg. He has proven that he has done some training while his legs are
still injured. This personality is influenced by two factors, they are strong
motivation and changes in roles.
The third personality is unyielding. His curiosity which sometimes
leads into the negative way change him into an unyielding person. He is depressed
because his strength is on his hands and legs but it turns out that his legs are
injured and broken. He thinks that he will not make it to the Olympic. With his
big will, he doesn’t want to give up and doesn’t care about what doctor and
Coach said about his condition. This personality is influenced by one factor. It is
changes in significant people which can make himself as a great individual.
The characteristics of personality development of is better and slow.
The message from the movie that is related to the title Peaceful Warrior is that in
life, there will always be a struggle inside or outside ourselves. As an individual it
is needed to deal with various situation like a warrior who is always ready to face
and fight for it. In addition, every moments that happen are special and has a
purpose and live the life with peace.
.
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REFERENCES
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Appendix 1
THE SUMMARY OF PEACEFUL WARRIOR
Dan Millman is a university at UC Berkeley who is also a Gymnast. His
love in a gymnastic world can be seen from his extraordinary ability and he is
expert in rings. It makes his friends to give a name for him as “The Lord of The
Rings.” He is also a smart university student who almost gets straight A in every
subjects. Although there is no exact explanation about his family, Dan Millman is
coming from a middle up family.
One night, Dan Millman wakes up from a nightmare. He has a dream
about him joining an Olympic. In that dream, Millman is in the arena and hanging
on the ring to show his ability. Then, this unexpected thing happens to him, he
broke his leg. Dan Millman is screaming of what he sees and so does eveyone in
that arena. He sees someone is sweeping the pieces of his fractured leg. That
person is a man who is wearing grey trousers and different pair of shoes, left is
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51
black and right is chocolate shoes, but Dan Millman cannot see the clothes that
the man wears and also the face.
He then wakes up and Dory, who sleeps besides him, is asking what is
happening to him. Dan Millman then decided to run at 3 A.M and stops by at the
mini shop to buy a bottle of water. He meets a man who is a clerk at that shop and
Dan gazes to the shoes that the man wears. That shoes are different and exactly a
like the shoes in his dream. After buying the water, he is leaving the mini shop.
When stepping out door, he sees that the man is sitting on a bench. Only a few
second that man is on the rooftop. This is the beginning of journey.
He has a big desire to join an Oympic and win it. He tries to show off his
new ability on the rings, but it only makes him fall. After that happens, he decided
to meet that man which later he give him a name as Soc. Shortly, Soc wants to
train him as real warrior but his training is to teach Dan some philosophies of life.
Soc also gives him some advice about the things that should be avoided in order
to be a real warrior.
Soc is an ambitious person. He wants to make this Olympic happens.
There is one thing that keeps ghosting him. Everytime he tries to break one of the
rules, he always sees Soc. This ambitious characteristics leads him to live in a
fear. Unconsciously, he does not know it. Everythime he tries harder and harder,
he always feels afraid, especially afraid to fall.
Dan Millman then once breaks the rule and it ruins his life and dream. He
got an accident and he breaks his legs. His nightmare comes true. The doctor said
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52
that it is impossible for him to be in gymnastic and even to join an Olympic. He
has tried to convince Coach that he can make it but Coach seems does not believe
him. This is his turning point life. He does not want to easily give up.
Soc is willing to help him. The main point is that Dan needs to make up
his mistakes from the past and change his bad attitude towards his friends. He also
can break his own fear. Shortly, Dan can make it to the Olympic but sadly he
cannot see Soc anymore. It’s because is gone and no one knows where he is. Dan
realizes that what Soc has taught is needed to reach his goal.
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Appendix 2
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Kevin Bernhardt is American writer and specialist in writer, film actor,
and producer. He was born on April 2, 1961 in Daytona Beach, Florida, USA. He
went to college Brighton University on a National Merit Scholarship and got his
Bachelor’s Degree in Economics and Drama in 1983. He began his career in 1989
as an actor in Dynasty and General Hospital in 1985-1988. Soon after that he
began to focus on writing and produced screenplay.
He began to produce some screenplays which are adapted from books.
Kevin has also worked with several great directors. There are some works that he
has been successfully produced. He is not only working as a screenplay writer, but
also also a movie producer. One of his work on screenplays is Peaceful Warrior
movie, it is adapted from a novel Way of Peaceful Warrior. The movie Peaceful
Warrior itself is using Kevin’s screenplay and it was released on June 2, 2006.
Kevin worked together with the Victor Salva as the director.
Adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Bernhardt
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