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DAMMING THE EBRO RIVER
The Spanish case
Annelies Broekman Paris, 05 december 2015
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1.226 dams in Spain (2013)
Scope
Last 25 years, 214 new dams operative
Hydropower share in energy mix
from 92% in 1940 to18% in 2001
Source: iAgua.es
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Drawned
• During francoism around 515 dams were build in Spain • Water reserve capacity of Spain
increased from 4 000 million m3 to 36 600 million m3
• 57% of Spanish water is regulated • Around 500 towns drawned: Tiermas, Ruesta, Esco, Jánovas,
Mediano, Itoiz, Artozki,… – more than 4 000 displaced in Aragòn. Source: iAgua.es
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DAMMED Culture?
AD in a Spanish fisher’s blog describes this landscape as a “Fishing paradise”
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Hydro34%
Thermal 44%
Nuclear 22%
POWER INSTALLED IN THE EBRO BASIN (MW)
Hydropower inthe Ebro Valley is key to power
nort east Spain
32% Spanish nuclear enegry production capacity
11% Spanish thermal energy production capacity
21% Spanish hrydro power production capacity
Ebro’s energy
Hyropower plants 360
Power (MW) 3894,5
Current production (GWh) 9400
Cuenca Azul www.cuencaazul.com
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6
Right margin Pirinees
51% total hydropower
Lower Ebro Dams
16% total hydropower
Cinca Ésera
Noguera Pallaresa Segre Noguera
Ribagorçana
Mequinenza
Riba-Roja
Flix
DAMMED Ebro
Cuenca Azul www.cuencaazul.com
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Water, agriculture & energy
Cuenca Azul www.cuencaazul.com/
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Consumo de agua y energía por hectárea
0,00
2,00
4,00
6,00
8,00
10,00
1900 1930 1940 1950 1970 1980 1990 2000 20070,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
Hm3/ha agua usadaHm3/ha agua consumidaGW/ha
Water, agriculture and energy
1950 – 2007 Irrigated land & water consumption doubled
1995 – 2007 Energy consumption increased by 45%
Cuenca Azul www.cuencaazul.com
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DAMMING the Ebro New RBMP plans to build 56 new dams & refurbishments
& 463 700 Ha - 3 115 Hm3/year new irrigation demand
From 14 623 hm3/year natural flow regime
only 3 010 hm3/year arrive to the delta
NO WATER, NO SEDIMENTS,… NO DELTA
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1990 2004 2015 2025 2035 2045
Regression of the delta coastal area under different climate change scenarios. 200 dams retain 95% of the sediments.
Source: www.irta.cat
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Global change?
Environmental flow regimes offer the best resilience to global change
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Resistance
Plataforma en Defensa de l’Ebro www.ebre.net
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Platform in Defense of "the River Ebro
National legal fight
• More than 4500 submissions to new RBMP (2015-2021) • Motivated negative vote in water council • Judicial actions accepted by Spanish supreme court • County councils motions • Municipal motions • Catalan Parliament validated the environmental flow proposal developed by citizen commission (CSTE).
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• Judicial complaint to the EC • EC strong response to Spain on RBMPs (Ebro pilot case)
No correct plans, no cohesion funds • PETI committee process successful
Platform in Defense of "the River Ebro
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Next steps: • Complaint to the Spanish constitutional court • New judicial complaint to the EC • MEPs visiting the Ebro Delta in February 2016 • 7th February 2016 BIG DEMO!
Platform in Defense of "the River Ebro
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Alliances… … WITH ALL DAM
RESISTANCE MOVEMENTS
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Thanks for listening!