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CYTOLOGY
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What is the Cell Theory?• Made of cells (smallest
unit of structure.
• All of the life functions (smallest unit of function).
• All cells come from pre-existing cells.
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Why is it only a Theory?• What about the
first cell?•Mitochondria•Chloroplasts
•Virus
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How do we classify cells?
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Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
No nucleus Single circular
chromosome Small No true
organelles Simple
Yes, has nucleus Many pairs of
individual chromosomes
Large Membrane bound
organelles Complex
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What are the life functions?
GRRRNEST
• Growth
• Reproduction
• Respiration
• Respond to Stimuli
• Nutirition
• Excretion
• Synthesis
• Transport
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How does a cell do these
functions?
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CELL ORGANELLES
Organelles: mini “organs” inside a cell.
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MAKING PROTEINS
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How does a cell carry out life functions?
Who controls all cell functions?
What does DNA code to produce that actually carries out these functions?
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Where is DNA located?
Is DNA large or small? Can it leave the nucleus?
NO!
RNA will help it and carry its message to…..
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So the DNA tells the ribosome which protein to make.
In ALL cells!!!!!!!
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Packaging Proteins
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Proteins need to be packaged up.
Bent into their 3D structure.
Who does that?
Do you know where ribosomes are located? Attached to what?
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Endoplasmic Reticulum will package and ship to cell.
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Making Energy
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Cytoplasm/Cytosol
• Water fluid
• Site of all life functions
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How does a cell get energy?
Adenosine triphosphate:
Energy storage molecule
What is the ultimate source of energy for an ecosystem?
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How does the energy get into an ecosystem?
Autotrophs
Photosynthesis
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Which organelle is capable of doing photosynthesis?
CHLOROPLAST
• Only in photosynthetic cells
• Contains chlorophyll
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Chloroplast
What molecule (specifically) does a chloroplast make?
GLUCOSE
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Chemosynthesis: chemoautotroph
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Do some Bacteria do photosynthesis?
Do Bacteria have chloroplast?
So how do they do photosynthesis then?
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Once the glucose is created by the chloroplast, how does it move through the rest of the ecosystem?
Heterotrophic
Consumers
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Once consumed, how do you get the energy out of the food?
RESPIRATION
Breaking down glucose for ATP
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Which organelle is responsible for doing aerobic respiration?
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Why are there so many layers in a mitochondria?
Increase Surface Area
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Do Bacteria do respiration?
Do Bacteria have mitochondria?
So how do they do respiration then?
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How are materials transported throughout a cell?
ER for within
How do molecules get into a cell?
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• Transporting materials in and out.• In ALL cells!
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• Only in Plants• Made of cellulose• Give plants their shape and
structure
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BACTERIAL CELLS
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PLANTS
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ANIMALS
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Fungal
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Who am I?