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CW2 – 4 Questions from Book
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French Revolution
• 3 Parts1. Old Regime/Crisis
2. Louis XVI Response
3. Revolution and Reforms
• Poor/Common People Get Angry, Revolt
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Old Regime in France
• Outdated social system called ancienregime, people belonged to 3 classes or estates.
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First Estate• Clergy and the Church
• Owned 10% of land
• Did provide some social services (school, hospital)
Second Estate• Nobility
• Traditional privileges from ancient nobility
• Lived far from noble lands (Versailles)
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Third Estate
• Middle class down to peasants (97% of people)
• Top of the 3rd estate were bourgeoisie, the middle class that included most professions
• Poorest members were urban workers, very poor, turned to begging or crime
• Very much resented, hated being 3rd estate
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First Estate Second Estate Third Estate
• Paid almost no taxes
• Owned most of the land and charged rent on it
• Got privileges
• Paid almost no taxes
• Held most of the good jobs
• Charged the third estate old manor dues from the middle ages
• Got privileges
• Taxed on everything: land, soap and salt.
• Rioted frequently, once over the price of bread (Flour War)
• Paid for privileges
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Economic Crisis
• Along with the social unrest, economic problems hurt France
• Caused by years of deficit spending, when a government spends more than it takes in.
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1. Paid for multiple wars (7 Years, American)
2. Paid for lavish court and palaces
3. Borrowed money from other countries
4. Most tax income paid interest on loans.
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Failure to Reform
• Louis 14 & 15 both spend too much
• Next Louis XVI was well-meaning, but weak and indecisive.
• Chose a financial advisor, Jacques Necker…
1. Reduce spending2. Reform govt3. Abolish some taxes
• 1st/2nd Estate got rid of Necker
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Estates-General
• All 3 states demanded the King call E-G
• Estates-General –legislative body of representatives from all 3 estates
• Had not been called in 175 years