63
CuO and CuO@SiO2 AS A POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTICANCER DRUG
Preetha Bhadra1*, Biplab Dutta2, Debopriyo Bhattyacharya2, Sampad Mukherjee2*
Address(es): 1 Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur And, Department of Biotechnology, Centurion University of Technology and
Management, Bhubaneswar. 2 Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Keywords: Copper Oxide, Fluorescence Anisotropy, MTT assay, Reactive Oxygen Species, UV-Vis Spectroscopy
INTRODUCTION
There are numerous concoction and natural mixes with prescription movement
like, penicillins (β-lactams gathering) and regular item that execute
microorganism or subside their development (Wright et.al,2014) Among them,
nanoparticles (metallic and semiconductor) have as of late gotten a great deal of
consideration (Li, 2010) Reactive substance component species (ROS) like
superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radicals (HO-) and
natural hydroperoxides (OHP), nanoparticles statement on the outside of
microorganisms and nanoparticles collection inside the cytoplasm/periplasmic
district of microorganism, might be result in microorganisms demise (Li, 2013).
Bio-nano atoms are those, whose estimate is practically identical nanoparticles,
assume an ineluctable indispensable job in charge changed cell cycles of the body
and keeping up urgent cell homeostasis (Gunjan and Sagar, 2016). With right
bioengineering, Nanoparticles might be sent in an exceedingly limited condition
in any arrangement of the body thus it will join the movement of organic parts, so
imitating the natural arrangement of the body reliable with the necessity for
human benefit. Nanoparticles are very solvent gratitude to their little size and in
this manner their dissolvability might be any duplicated by right surface
alteration and the high degree to volume quantitative connection of these
particles, fabricate them having adequate degree to epitomize drug and elective
materials, so giving the higher restorative payload. Another property of those
nanoparticles might be spoken to in light of the fact that the particular focusing
on nature, so Nanoparticles will explicitly release a helpful payload onto the
objective, lessening the feature impacts on customary cells (McNeil et.al, 2009,
Wang et.al, 2013). investigation and improvement inside the field of designing
ar developing hack cleave all through the planet (Vidya et al., 2013). a genuine
commitment of this field is that the advancement of most recent materials inside
the micromillimetre scale (nanoparticles). These ar now and then particulate
materials with at least one element of however a hundred nanometers (nm), even
the particles likely could be zero measurement inside the instance of quantum
dabs (Vidya et al., 2013). Metal nanoparticles are of decent intrigue on account
of their particular alternatives like compound activity, optical, attractive and
electrical properties (Garima, et al., 2011). Nanoparticles display completely
new or improved properties with bigger particles of the dominant part materials,
and these novel properties ar inferred gratitude to the variety in explicit attributes
like size, dissemination, and morphology of the particles (Ravindra, et al.,
2011). essentially, nanoparticles (NP) made of metal oxides with sizes yet a
hundred nm display antimicrobial exercises because of their unique attributes (for
example little molecule measure, goliath surface territory), that smaller scale or
full scale estimated particles don't have. Copper oxide is generally used in the
division of substance activity, superconductors, and earthenware production as a
kind of crucial inorganic materials. It might be utilized as an impetus and impetus
support, yet as conductor dynamic materials like corruption of chuckling gas with
alkali and substance response of CO, natural compound and phenol in basic water
(Motogoshi et.al, 2010). Metal substance compound nanoparticles, similar to
oxide (CuO), have pulled in consideration mainly inferable from their
antimicrobial and biocide properties and that they could likewise be used in a few
medication applications (Perreault et.al, 2012, Nations et.al, 2015). oxide might
be a semiconductor metal with particular optical, electrical and attractive
properties and it's been utilized for fluctuated applications, similar to the occasion
of supercapacitors, close infrared channels, in attractive capacity medium media,
sensors, catalysis, semiconductors, and so on. (Dagher et.al, 2014, Devi et.al,
2014, Zhang et.al, 2014). For this situation, one in everything about fundamental
connected materials inside the exchange is an oxide (CuO) and its combination in
nanometer scale (Huang et.al 2010, Longano et.al. 2012, Mudunkotuwa et.al,
2012, Taran et.al., 2016). Additionally, these aluminous nanoparticles might be
utilized as an other for silver and gold nanoparticles (Athanassiou et.al, 2006,
Rubilar et.al, 2013). Metal concoction compound nanoparticles like CuO might
be utilized as antimicrobial operators attributable to their adequacy on safe strains
of microbial pathogens, low poisonous quality, and warmth opposition (Emami
et.al,2011). CuO nanoparticles are successful in murdering a spread of
microorganism. Be that as it may, CuO nanoparticles with high focus are
expected to get the disinfectant effect. The disinfectant property of such
Copper has found to be one in every of the main trace components among of all found within the human body and additionally co-
factor of quite three hundred class enzymes, plays a very important role in maintaining cellular processes which are crucial as well as
stress, desoxyribonucleic acid replication, repairing of DNA, progression of cell cycle and programmed cell death. Thus, it has found
to be very evident that Associate in Nursing alteration in Copper levels in willcer cells can cause a harmful result. analysis has shown
that low concentration of Copper in cells ends up in the initiation and progression of cancer and high concentration of Copper shows
harmful effects. Copper-mediated super molecular activity situation and aerophilous stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS) might
also be the probable cause of this cytotoxic result. CuO contains a neutral hydroxyl radical connected to its surface, that plays a very
important role in the changes of behaviour of the surface . Our aim is to indicate that the result of Copper oxide and silicon coated
copper oxide on totally different microbes and cancer cells. Characterization of Cu nanoparticles have been done by using different
analyzing techniques i.e. UV-Vis Spectroscopy, DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). The effect
of the Cu nanoparticles on microbes has been measured by the cup disk method where as the effect on cancer cell line (HeLa) (Human
Cervical Cancer Cell Line) has been measured by Fluorescence Anisotropy, MTT assay, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The effect on
different enzymatic action has also been measured.
ARTICLE INFO
Received 13. 11. 2018
Revised 5. 3. 2019
Accepted 13. 3. 2019
Published 1. 8. 2019
Regular article
doi: 10.15414/jmbfs.2019.9.1.63-69
J Microbiol Biotech Food Sci / Bhadra et al. 2019 : 9 (1) 63-69
64
nanoparticles relies upon their size, steadiness, and focus extra to the extension
medium, that gives bigger maintenance time to microorganism NP association
(Ravishankar et.al, 2011, Azam et.al, 2012). Regardless of antimicrobial
medicinal consideration, dismalness and mortality identified with these
microorganism contaminations remain high, somewhat because of the
adaptability of those life forms to create protection from almost all anti-infection
agents. New techniques are therefore required to spot and build up the resulting
age of prescription or operators to manage microorganism contaminations
MATERIAL AND METHODS
MATERIALS
Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% heat
inactivated fetal calf serum (Gibco™, Thermo Fisher Scientific), penicillin (100
U/mL) and streptomycin (100 μg/mL) (Merck, India), TMA-DPH (1-(4-
Trimethylammoniumphenyl) -6-Phenyl-1,3 ,5-Hexatriene p-
Toluenesulfonate) ( Thermo Fisher Scientific), Dry N,N,dimethylformamide
(DMF; Merck, India), nickel chloride hexahydrate (NiCl2, 6H2O, Mw = 237.69 g
mol−1; Merck, India), sodium hydroxide (NaOH; Merck, India), ethyl alcohol
(C2H6O; Merck, India), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS; Merck, India), and
ammonia solution 25% (NH4OH; Merck, India) were used in this work. All the
materials were used in the experiments without further purification.
METHODS
PREPARATION OF CuO@SiO2 NANOPARTICLE
The aqueous procedure has been acclimated with blend the oxide nanoparticles
(Dutta et.al., 2017). Subtleties of that aqueous technique for the amalgamation of
metal-synthetic compound nanomaterials are alluded from (Dutta et.al., 2015). A
changed Stöber (Stober et.al., 1968) system, a generally utilized procedure for
the blend of oxide nanoparticles has been acclimated orchestrate the silica-
covered CuO. Amid this ordinary amalgamation technique, hydrothermally
combined CuO nanoparticles (Dutta et.al., 2017) were added to the arrangement
of water and alkyl liquor (in volume apportion rough 4:1). to understand an all-
around scattered blend, the arrangement was sonicated for ten min. From that
point onward, smelling salts were added to the blend (in volume quantitative
connection one.4:50) visit drop to change express the CuO nanoparticles in
alcoholic media. The blend was yet again sonicated for forty min when the option
of smelling salts, and finally, TEOS was extra visit drop to the blend (in volume
quantitative connection pretty much zero.4:50). a definitive blend was solid
beneath vigorous attractive mixing (500 rpm) for eighteen h. The very much
blended colloid was centrifuged at 4000 rpm and washed by grain liquor to
dispose of the residuals from the stock. The gathered item was dried at 80°C and
used for extra portrayal.
Figure 1 and Figure 2 are demonstrating the FTIR investigation and XRD
examination report.
Figure 1 FTIR analysis of CuO nanoparticles
FTIR spectra were recorded in solid part using the KBr pellet technique within
the regions of 3500–400 cm−1. FTIR spectra of CuO nanoparticles square
measure shown in Figure 1. FTIR spectra of CuO, nanoparticles exhibited
vibrations within the region 400–600 cm−1, which might be attributed to the
vibrations of M−O (M = Cu) that confirms the formation of CuO nanoparticles.
A weak band at around 2300 cm−1 is also attributed to the vibrations of part
carbon dioxide. The current findings agree well with the values reported within
the accessible literature (Ansari et.al, 2011, Arshad et.al, 2011).
Figure 2 XRD analysis of CuO nanoparticles
The regular XRD examples of the CuO nano¬particles toughened at 400°C are
appeared in Figureure 2. The peak positions of samples display the hexagonal,
monoclinic, and rhombohedral structures of CuO. Besides, no debasement tops
were seen in the XRD designs, as the majority of the three metal oxides indicated
single-stage test development. The crystallite estimate was determined to utilize
the Scherrer equation,
D = 0 9λ/cos β θ
where λ is the wavelength of X-beam radiation and β is the full width at half limit
of the tops at the diffract¬ing edge θ. Crystallite sizes were determined to be 18
nm, 22 nm, and 26.1 nm for ZnO, CuO, and Fe2O3 nanoparticles, individually.
J Microbiol Biotech Food Sci / Bhadra et al. 2019 : 9 (1) 63-69
65
Figure 3 Uv-Vis spectroscopy analysis of different concentration of CuO nanoparticles
ANTI MICROBIAL ACTIVITY: CUP-DISC METHOD
The number of the zone of inhibition has been deduced from three parallel
studies and those are taken as the mean value of those. These studies were
compared with the known drugs available in the market. The CuO and
CuO@SiO2 showed an average value of the zone of inhibition where the
combination of these two nano-particles showed a maximum zone of inhibition.
The lower concentration of the mixed drug has an effect on the bacterial and the
fungal growth which has been measured by calculating the zone of inhibition and
the values are (+/-) SD of three parallel measurements. The bacterial culture
method has been shown in Figure 4. (A,B, C) are the different concentration of
CuO nanoparticle solutions.
Figure 4 Schematic diagram of cup disk method
CELL CULTURE
Human cervical malignant cancer tissue growth cell lines (HeLa) were kept up
in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) enhanced with 10% warmth
inactivated Fetal brovine serum (FBS) (Gibco™, Thermo Fisher Scientific),
penicillin (100 U/mL) and Streptomycin sedate (100 μg/mL) at 37°C in a very
humidified air containing 5% CO2gas. Hela cells at a measure of 1.5×105
cells/mL were experienced childhood in an exceptionally 25 cm2 flagon of
complete culture medium. At 90% intersection, Hela cells were then trypsinized
and seeded on a 96 well tissue culture plate for medium-term with the selection
of examinations.
MTT ASSAY
Approximately 1 × 105 mL−1 Hel cells in their exponential growth section were
seeded in an exceedingly flat-bottomed 96-well Tissue culture plate for 24hr at
37°C in in a 5% CO2 incubator. Different concentrations (5, 25, 50, 100, and 250
μg/mL) of CuO and CuO@SiO2 nanoparticles were added within the medium to
the plate in an exceedingly triplicate manner. Cytoxicity analysis of CuO and
CuO@SiO2 nanoparticle was performed using MTT assay and MTT was added
to every well and also the plates incubated for 3hr in an exceedingly dark
chamber. 100 μl of DMSO was else to dissolve the formazan crystals and also the
absorbance browse at 540 nm victimization enzyme-linked-immunosorbent
serologic assay reader (EPOCH, BIOTEK) (Zhu et al., 2001). The viable cells
were calculated with respect to untreated cells as 100 %.
% of Viable Cells = (A) Control – (B) test
Control X 100
Where (A) test is the absorbance of the test sample and (B) control is the
absorbance of the control sample. Non-treated cells were used as the control, and
the samples were imaged using an inverted photomicroscope. The Values of
MTT assay correspond to mean and standard deviations of three independent
experiments.
FLUORESCENCE ANISOTROPY
The fluorescence anisotropy of HeLa was assessed by the determination of
TMA-DPH steady-state fluorescence polarization after the cell membrane
exterior phospholipid layer permeation of the probe (Dowell, 2002; Pearson,
T.,1996; Pearson, T. et.al,2001, Shrivastava, et.al. 2007; Katona,2004;
Lakowicz,2004; Hollan, 1996).
For the measuring of the changes within the TMA-DPH fluorescent properties
following the membrane permeation, we added 2.5µM TMA-DPH to a 2 ml of
cell in the measuring cuvette. The cell suspension with the fluorescent probe was
incubated for 30 min at 37°C. The measurement has been done between
excitation and emission state, 360 nm and 430 nm respectively.
ROS ANALYSIS
Membrane fluidity of cancer cells was shown to possess a decisive role within
the direct cell to cell contact and also the modulation of the activity of membrane
enzymes area unit to be stricken by the enhancement of the reactive oxygen
species (ROS) (Garden, 2001). For the measuring of the animate thing ROS,
J Microbiol Biotech Food Sci / Bhadra et al. 2019 : 9 (1) 63-69
66
DCF-DA was more to a two milliliter of Hela suspensions. The cell suspension
with DCF-DA was incubated for sixty min at 370 C in a very dark condition.
Cells not treated with Nanoparticles were used as management. Fluorescence
intensity was measured in a Fluorescence radiation photometer (model Hitachi,
USA) at excitation and emission wavelengths of 504 and 529 nm respectively.
ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES ACTIVITIES
The antioxidant activity of the cells has been measured by the Catalase (CAT)
and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) test with commercially available kits. The
7×105 cells were plated into 12- well plates and according to supplier’s
recommendations, all experimental measurements were performed.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
CUP DISK METHOD
The Copper Oxide Nano Particles have shown better effect than the Silica coated
nano Particles. In some cases the Copper Oxide nanoparticles have shown good
results in comparison to the known drugs which is a positive indication of using
these nanoparticles as a potential antimicrobial drugs. We also checked their
activity on the fungal growth and these particles have also shown a great effect
on reducing the fungal growth. These nanoparticles can also be used to reduce
the fungal growth and the contamination occurs from it. The results of the zone
of inhibition in bacteria and the antibiotics have shown in table 1 and table 2 and
the zone of inhibitions for fungi and available anti-fungal have shown in table 3
and table 4.
Table 1 Antibacterial Activity zone of inhibition of bacteria: (values are mean of
three parallel measurements = number of zones of inhibition.) (Concentration in
µg/ml and Zone of inhibition in mm)
Drug Name
Drug
Concentration
(µg/ml)
E.
coli
S.
typhi
S
aureus S.pyrogenes
CuO
5 - - - -
25 13 12 14 12
50 15 14 16 13
100 17 15 19 17
250 20 17 20 20
CuO@SiO2
5 - - - -
25 8 9 7 6
50 10 12 11 10
100 13 13 14 12
250 14 13 15 13
Table 2 Known drugs used for bacteria
Drug Name
Drug
Concentration
(µg/ml)
E.
coli
S.
typhi
S
aureus
S.pyrogenes
Ampicillin
5 13 14 11 10
25 15 19 14 13
50 17 15 15 16
100 18 17 19 18
250 20 21 22 20
Norfloxacin
5 23 19 18 20
25 25 20 20 22
50 26 22 23 26
100 28 25 24 28
250 30 26 24 32
Amoxicillin
5 21 20 18 19
25 23 23 20 22
50 25 24 23 23
100 27 26 24 25
250 28 29 26 28
Ciprofloxacin
5 20 21 19 17
25 22 23 21 20
50 26 24 23
20
100 28 27 25
22
250 30 29 28
25
Table 3 Anti Fungal Activity
Zone of inhibition of fungi: (values are mean of three parallel measurements
= number of zones of inhibition). (Concentration in µg/ml and Zone of
inhibition in mm)
Drug Name
Drug
Concentration
(µg/ml)
A.
niger
C.
clavus
C.
albicans
CuO
5 - - -
25 14 17 15
50 17 19 17
100 19 20 18
250 20 22 20
CuO@SiO2
5 - - -
25 8 7 5
50 10 9 8
100 11 10 10
250 12 11 12
Table 4 Known Drug Concentration
Drug Name Drug Concentration
(µg/ml)
A.
niger
C.
clavus
C.
albicans
Griseofulvin
5 17 18 19
25 21 20 20
50 22 23 21
100 23 24 24
250 27 28 26
Nystatin
5 19 17 18
25 20 21 20
50 20 22 21
100 23 24 23
250 28 27 25
FLUORESCENCE ANISOTROPY
Figure 5 have shown the graph for the fluorescence anisotropy. The
decreasing value of the graph has clearly shown the minimal interaction of
CuO particle with the cell membrane, which can be a positive result for the
use of metal oxide nanoparticle. These results have shown that the
nanoparticles were interacted with the cellular membrane and dissociated the
membrane proteins to enter into the cell and to interact with the cytoplasmic
organelles. Thus these nanoparticles have interacted with the mitochondria
and reduce the growth of the cancer cells. These findings have also been
supported by the ROS analysis.
Figure 5 Fluorescence Anisotropy of HeLa cells treated with both the
nanoparticles with different concentration. Data represented are mean ± SD of
five independent different experiments
MTT ASSAY
MTT assay was performed to check the cell viability in those cells which are
stressed by Copper Oxide nanoparticles and Silica coated Copper Oxide
nanoparticles. First we evaluated the effects of CuO Nanoparticles on HeLa cells
viability. Incubation with 5µg/ml, 25µg/ml, 50µg/ml, 100µg/ml, 250µg/ml for 3,
6, 12 and 24 hr which has been found in a decrement of concentration
dependent cell viability, the LC50 was 79.83 ± 0.856 μg/ml. Based on these
results Copper Oxide nanoparticles and Silica coated Copper Oxide nanoparticles
at submaximal concentrations after 12 h, 50 and 100 μg/ml were selected in this
study. The significant findings of this assay was the LC50 of Copper Oxide
nanoparticles and Silica coated Copper Oxide nanoparticles was 79.83 μg/ml and
submaximal concentrations of 80 and 100 μg/ml were selected for the particular
study. There are similarities in the results found in the previous findings and
J Microbiol Biotech Food Sci / Bhadra et al. 2019 : 9 (1) 63-69
67
with ours dose dependent reduction value of MTT in HeLa cellswhich were
treated with CuO nanoparticles and Silica coated CuO nanoparticles, though
cells were different (M. Ahamed ,2011, L. Capasso, et.al. 2014).
According to the Natiaonal Cancer Institute (USA), vegetables crude extracts are
cytotoxic considered when their IC50 values are less than 30 μg/ml (M. da, et.al.
2013). After a large screening, CuO nanoparticles and Silica coated CuO
nanoparticles (60 and 80 μg/ml) concentrations was being selected because of
their best actions. The present study agree with the results of Remila et al. (2015)
who have demonstrated that the pre treatment with P. lentiscus extracts for 24 hr
in THP-1 cells were strongly inhibited H2O2 damage, with maximum protection
at 100 μg/ml (S. Remila, et.al. 2015). The triplicate study of the cell culture has
shown that the number of cells is decreasing by the increment of time and the
concentration of the drugs respectively.
Figure 6 MTT Assay of HeLa cells treated with both the nanoparticles with
different concentration. Data represented are mean ± SD of five independent
experiments. Where X-axis is showing the Number of cells and Y-axis represents
the drug concentration.
ROS PRODUCTION
To discover the impact of Copper Oxide nanoparticles and Silica-covered Copper
Oxide nanoparticles by actuating cytotoxicity in the cells through the creation of
ROS, HeLa cells were treated with the diverse chose groupings of the Copper
Oxide nanoparticles and Silica-covered Copper Oxide Nanoparticles. We have
recognized a huge decrement of ROS level in cells which were being treated with
Copper Oxide nanoparticles and Silica-covered Copper Oxide nanoparticles
(Figure: 7). Oxidative pressure has been observed to be an irregularity between
the generation ROS and the cancer prevention agent frameworks which were
favoring an abundance creation of ROS which has been found as a typical system
for harming the phone. Amid the oxidative pressure, the ROS is delivered
fundamentally from the electron transport chain of mitochondria. To upgrade the
harm prompted by the age of ROS, free radicals from various nanoparticles
(which has been utilized for the treatment) can be changed to different less lethal
atoms (E. Huerta-García, et.al, 2014). Nanoparticles were having a higher
surface zone and have just been exhibited as creating more free radicals and ROS
than bigger particles (C. Sioutas, et.al, 2005). It has been discovered that the
NiO Nanoparticles can decrease cell feasibility and can incite oxidative worry by
consumption of glutathione and enlistment of responsive oxygen species in HEp-
2 and MCF-7 cells (M.A. Siddiqui, et.al, 2013), can likewise cause cell passing
by various portion subordinate action so as to guarantee the apoptotic pathway
and ROS age in HepG2 (M. Ahamed, et.al, 2012), CuO nanoparticles has also
been found to increase the production of intracellular ROS, apoptosis (the natural
cell death) and necrosis (induced cell death) in BEAS-2B and A549 cells (L.
Capasso, et.al, 2014), Our results confirmed that Copper Oxide nanoparticles
and Silica-coated Copper Oxide nanoparticles are toxic to HeLa cells. In Figure
6, ROS analysis has been shown in triplicate studies. These analyses showed that
the requirement of the oxygen got low with the increase of time and
concentration of the drug. These need for oxygen lead the cells to the apoptosis
and thus the cell dies due to the treatment of the drugs. These have also coincided
with the result of the MTT assay. With the increment of the nanoparticles
concentration, the number of viable cells decreased. The nanoparticles showed
the better result as the variation of the valance electron was increased as a result
those reacted with the protein particles of the cells and dissociated it which leads
the cells to destroy.
Figure 7 ROS of HeLa cells treated with both the nanoparticles with different
concentration. Data represented are mean ± SD of five independent experiments.
Where X-axis is showing the Number of cells and Y-axis represents the drug
concentration.
ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES ACTIVITIES
The HeLa cells were pre-incubated with concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/ml of
Copper Oxide nanoparticles and Silica-covered Copper Oxide nanoparticles
which is directed to expanding the cancer prevention agent enzymes, Superoxide
dismutase and Catalase, exercises appeared in Figures. 5 and 6. Essentially, the
Copper Oxide nanoparticles and Silica-covered Copper Oxide nanoparticles
likewise found to prompt huge weariness of cancer prevention agents. The
aggregation of ROS, for example, superoxide radicals (O2%) and hydroxyl free
radicals (%OH) has observed to be diminished which likewise decline the
guarded impacts of cancer prevention agent catalysts of cells, for example, e.g.
SOD, CAT (A. Li, et.al. 2012). Introduction of HeLa cells to CuO nanoparticles
brought about a diminishing in the movement of SOD and the other
detoxification proteins which has been found in comparative as hippocampal
cells (K. Niska, et.al. 2015).
Figure 8 Effects of both the nanoparticles on the Superoxide dismutase activity
in HeLa cells. These HeLa cells were treated with different concentrations for 3,
6, 12 and 24 hrs. Data are mean ± SD of five independent experiments.
Figure 9 Effects of both the nanoparticles on the activity Catalyse in HeLa cells.
Cells were treated with different concentrations for 3, 6, 12 and 24 hrs. Data are
mean ± SD of five independent experiments.
CONCLUSION
In drug, nanoparticles are observed to be the most up to date and the rising point
of intrigue. The promising qualities of the nanoparticles in the in vivo use of
nanoparticles are as yet uncommon. Thus, an expansive possibility of working
together among clinicians, scholars and material researchers square measure
required for the comprehension of malignant growth science and shrewd style of
nanoparticles for his or her higher clinical use. A dynamic coordinated effort
could lead on to the occasion of good nanoparticles that show unrivaled exactness
of property and harmfulness towards malignancy cells though causing no hurt to
J Microbiol Biotech Food Sci / Bhadra et al. 2019 : 9 (1) 63-69
68
customary cells. This is, actually, partner degree accomplishable point,
considering the incredibly encouraging qualities of CuO nanoparticles and their
inborn nature of property and lethality towards malignancy cells, making them
without uncertainty a key instrument for cutting edge disease treatment.
CuO nanoparticles gave noteworthy antibacterial properties against various
sustenance borne pathogens just as organisms and the inhibitory impacts of the
nanoparticles expanded concerning the expanded centralizations of CuO
nanoparticles. CuO nanoparticles could misshape bacterial cell layer, promoting
loss of intracellular parts, and at last the passing of cells. These outcomes exhibit
that CuO nanoparticles could be possibly considered as a powerful antibacterial
specialist for securing rural and sustenance wellbeing.
Consequently, we have discovered that the CuO can be a potential anticancerous
and antimicrobial medication for the up and coming age of treatment.
FUNDING SOURCES
We like to thank Department of Biotechnology (Government Of India) and
Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar for funding
our work.
Acknowledgement: We want to acknowledge the Department of Biotechnology
(Govt. of India) for the financial support. We would also want to thank Dr.
Gautam Bose from J.C. Bose Institute and Department of Biotechnology of
Jadavpur University for running of the different experiments.
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