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STCDA
Cultural Heritage of ZanzibarStone Town
Conservation & Development of StoneTown
Issa S. MakaraniSTCDA,
23rd July 2007
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STCDA
Geography
• The stone Town ofZanzibar is located atlatitude 5o 22’’Slongitude 930 18’’ E inwestern IndianOcean, 49km offMainland
• Total surface area ofthe Island 1,464km2
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STCDA
Zanzibar Island
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STCDA
Background
• Zanzibar historic townoriginated as fishingvillage at Shanganipeninsular at twelfthcentury A.D
• Later transformed toSwahili town withcraftsmanship andmaritime trade
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STCDA
Monsoon winds
• Northeast monsoonwinds facilitated thevoyages bringingtraders from Arabianpeninsular andPersian Gulf to EastAfrica and Back
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STCDA
Site Setting
• The town of Zanzibargrew at the westerntip of triangularpeninsular whichprojects into Zanzibarchannel about halfway down the island’swestern coastline.This peninsular wasseparated by a creek
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STCDA
Climate» Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
• Average Temp. oF 81 81 81 79 79 77 75 75 77 77 79 81
• Average Temp. oC 27 27 27 26 26 25 24 24 25 25 26 27
• Rains inches 3 3 5 10 10 2 2 2 2 3 9 6
• Rains in millimetres 28 66 138 249 249 62 45 43 51 88 220 158
• Days rains 7 6 12 14 14 4 5 6 6 7 14 12
• Hours of sun daily 8 8 7 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
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STCDA
Early Efforts for Conservation
• Due to potential lossof the valuablepatrimony, in 1982The Government ofZanzibar sought thehelp of UNCHSHabitat to set thestrategy forconservation of theStone Town
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STCDA
Conservation Plan
• In 1994 a plan for theHistoric Town wasapproved
• Act no 3 of 1994 forestablishment of theStone TownConservation andDevelopmentAuthority
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STCDA
World Heritage Status
• In 2000 the Stone Town was Inscribed into the World Heritage Listunder the following criterion
• ii – The Stone Town of Zanzibar is an outstanding materialmanifestation of cultural fusion and harmonization
• iii – For many centuries there was intense seaborne trading activitybetween Asia and Africa, and this is illustrated in anexceptional manner by the architecture and urban structure ofStone Town
• iv – Zanzibar has great symbolic importance in the suppression ofslavery, since it was one of the main slave-trading ports in EastAfrica and also the base from which its opponents such asDavid Livingstone conducted their campaign
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STCDA
History and Architecture
• Originally houses built was mud and wattlecovered with palm leaves
• In 1830 during reign of Sultan of Oman inZanzibar stone buildings were built
• Characterized by narrow streets
• Decorative street furniture and lights
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STCDA
Earlier Stone Town Architeture
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STCDA
Arabic Influenced architecture
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STCDA
Indian Influenced Architecture
• Plenty of decorativeelements
• Balcony, fretworks
• Indian commercialdoors
• Bazaar streets
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STCDA
Swahili house
• Majority of Africaorigin
• Single storey house
• Entrance with bench“BARAZA” for men
• Open court yardmainly for womenactivities
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STCDA
European Influenced Architecture
• Specious building
• Internal built inbalcony
• Semi and privateopen spaces
• Mixed use ofmaterials
• Wider streets
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STCDA
Religious Values
• Pre-revolutionary,Stone Townemphasizes the multiethnic character
• Two Christianchurches
• Hindu Temples
• 50 Mosques in ST
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STCDA
Anglican Church
Hindu Temple
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STCDA
Symbolic Value
• Banyan Tree sign ofspiritual values
• Slave trade route, TipTippu, Anglicanchurch, Old Fort
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STCDA
Others
• Aesthetic Value
• Archaeological value
• Touristic Value
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Intangible Aspect
• Social Gatherings andactivities
• Traditional dances,taraab
• Famous Islamicfestivities along eastAfrica “Maulid yahome”
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STCDA
Towards digital age…..