Download - CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System
![Page 1: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CTSS Compatible Time Sharing System
Sebastian Woinar
![Page 2: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
IBM 7094 at MIT
![Page 3: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Area of a triangle
![Page 4: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Area of a triangle
1 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0
![Page 5: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
IDENTIFICATIONSEQUENCEFORTRAN STATEMENT
PUNCHING INSTRUCTIONS
PUNCH
GRAPHIC PAGE OF
CARD ELECTRO NUMBER*
PROGRAM
PROGRAMMER DATE
* A standard card form, IBM electro 888157, is available for punching statements from this form
X28-7327-5Printed in U.S.A.FORTRAN Coding Form
CO
NT.
STATEMENTNUMBER
®
![Page 6: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
IDENTIFICATIONSEQUENCEFORTRAN STATEMENT
PUNCHING INSTRUCTIONS
PUNCH
GRAPHIC PAGE OF
CARD ELECTRO NUMBER*
PROGRAM
PROGRAMMER DATE
* A standard card form, IBM electro 888157, is available for punching statements from this form
X28-7327-5Printed in U.S.A.FORTRAN Coding Form
CO
NT.
STATEMENTNUMBER
®
![Page 7: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Key Punch Room
![Page 8: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Punched Card
![Page 10: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Punched CardZ(1) = Y + W(1)
![Page 11: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Binary formated
![Page 13: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
VisionJohn McCarthy
![Page 16: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Fernando José Corbató
Fernando José Corbató
![Page 17: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
IBM 709
![Page 18: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
IBM 709T/7090
![Page 19: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Operating System
• FMS - FORTRAN Monitor System
• compile FORTRAN programs
• IBSYS
• compile FORTRAN, COBOL etc.
![Page 20: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
IBM 7094 configuration
![Page 21: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
IBM 7094 configuration
Basic Cycle Time: 2.18 µSecsFloat. Pt Add Time: 4.36µSecs
![Page 22: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
IBM 7094 configuration
![Page 23: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
IBM 7094 configuration
![Page 24: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
IBM 7094 configuration
![Page 27: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
IBM 7094 configuration
![Page 28: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
IBM 7094 configuration
![Page 29: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
IBM 709Console
![Page 30: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
John Kelly
Max Mathews
![Page 32: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
John Kelly
Max Mathews
![Page 33: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
CTSS
![Page 34: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
c
![Page 35: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Hardware Problems• Different user programs (and supervisor) may interfere
with each other
• Input-output equipement may be initiated by a user and read words in on another user program
• Time sharing supervisor must be able to interrupt user program after a quantum of computation
• Large core memories (e.g.. a million words) would ease the system programming complications immensely since the different active user programs, systems programs could remain in core memory at all times.
![Page 36: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Hardware Problems• Different user programs (and supervisor) may interfere
with each other
• Input-output equipement may be initiated by a user and read words in on another user program
• Time sharing supervisor must be able to interrupt user program after a quantum of computation
• Large core memories (e.g.. a million words) would ease the system programming complications immensely since the different active user programs, systems programs could remain in core memory at all times.
Memory Protection
Trap all input-output instructions
Time controlled interrupt
8 MB RAM ;-)
![Page 37: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Programming Problems
• Supervisor should charge user usage accounting automatically
• Supervisor should coordinate all user input-output
• Good system programs tooling
![Page 38: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Usage Problems
• Too large a computation or excessive typewriter output may be requested
• Since real time is not usage-time, supervisor must inform user
• Computer malfuntions must be expected
![Page 39: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
7094 Modifications
• Standard 60 cycle accounting and interrupt clock
• Memory boundary and relocation register
• 2nd 32,768 Core memory bank for the supervisor
• 7094 has become a two-mode machine
![Page 40: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Supervisor
• Provided virtual machines
• 3 foreground machines which run 7094 instructions and could invoke supervisor services
• 1 background machine with tape access
• Scheduling
• Managed I/O
![Page 41: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Memory protection• 32k memory is managed in 128 blocks of 256
words
• 3 7 Bit registers
• Protection check
base [ 5* 256 ]<= addr <= end [ 7 * 256 ]
base relo5 7 5
end
![Page 42: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Instruction protection
• User mode: subset of 7094 instructions
• Memory access only to defined region by memory relocation and protection
• Certain instructions are forbidden and invoke protection trap
![Page 43: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Instruction protection
• User mode: subset of 7094 instructions
• Memory access only to defined region by memory relocation and protection
• Certain instructions are forbidden and invoke protection trap
Privileged instructions
all I/O instructions (RDS, WRS, BSR, BSF, SDN, RUN, REW, etc)
all channel instructions (RCHx, LCHx, SCHx, etc)
all I/O transfer instructions (TEFx, TRCx, TCOx, TCNx)
plus and minus sense (+0760... and -‐0760...)
![Page 44: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Scheduling algorithm
• Goal:
• optimize turnaround time
• minimize response time
![Page 45: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Multi Level Feedback Queue
• Task is put into level l0 dependent on its actual size (calculation time)
• Execution time in level x is 2x quanta
• If task is not completed, it is put at the end of level x+1 queue
• MLFQ is preemptive
![Page 46: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Simulator
![Page 47: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Simulator
![Page 48: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Simulator
![Page 49: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Simulator
![Page 50: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Simulator
![Page 51: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Simulator
![Page 52: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Simulator
![Page 53: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Simulator
![Page 54: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
TYPSET & RUNOFF
• TYPSET for creating and editing files
• High speed input mode
• Edit mode
• RUNOFF
• Control words in the text
• Line-length, indention, alignment
![Page 55: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
• Described in Programming Staff Note 39
• Created file MAIL BOX in directory
• User has been informed about new mail
![Page 56: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
• Described in Programming Staff Note 39
• Created file MAIL BOX in directory
• User has been informed about new mail
![Page 57: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
• Described in Programming Staff Note 39
• Created file MAIL BOX in directory
• User has been informed about new mail
![Page 58: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
• Described in Programming Staff Note 39
• Created file MAIL BOX in directory
• User has been informed about new mail
![Page 59: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
RUNCOM
• File-system file of commands to be executed in a batch
• Commands are usable like library subroutine
![Page 60: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
MAC Project
![Page 61: CTSS - Compatible Time Sharing System](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050817/557e0069d8b42a20128b4ac5/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Quellen• REMINISCENCES ON THE HISTORY OF TIME SHARING
• Fernando J. Corbato, Marjorie Merwin Daggett, Robert C. Daley AN EXPERIMENTAL TIME-SHARING SYSTEM, Proceedings of Spring Joint Computer Conference, May 3, 1962
• R.M. Fano, The MAC system: a progress report, MAC-TR-12
• http://www.ibiblio.org/apollo/Documents/CTSS_ProgrammersGuide.pdf
• http://www.multicians.org/thvv/7094.html
• http://www.multicians.org/thvv/mail-details.html
• http://www.frobenius.com/7090.htm
• http://motherboard.vice.com/2011/2/17/watson-s-hardest-question-what-is-life--2
• http://u-tx.net/media/fano-on-ctss.png
• http://mason.gmu.edu/~tbell5/page2.html
• http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/storage/storage_1301.html
• http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/mainframe/mainframe_PP7090.html
• http://simh.trailing-edge.com/docs/ctss_hardware.pdf
• http://mit.edu/saltzer/www/publications/ctss/CC-244.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daisy_Bell
Simulator
• http://www.cozx.com/~dpitts/ibm7090.html
Videos
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q07PhW5sCEk
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8edfFH0rklc