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CST 10.3- 10.4 Review Answers
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10.3.1 Review
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What was a direct effect of increased food production during Europe’s Agricultural
Revolution? • 1. Choice C is correct. One result of
increased food production during the Industrial Revolution was an increase in the population.
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During the 1600s, Europe developed a thriving economy
based on• 2. Choice B is correct. During the
1600s, Europe developed a thriving economy based on money.
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A defining feature of Europe’s Industrial Revolution was that many commercial
goods were • 3. Choice D is correct. A defining
feature of Europe’s Industrial Revolution was that many commercial goods were made not with tools by hand, but with machinery.
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A geographic advantage of England in the Industrial
Revolution was its • 4. Choice A is correct. Its natural
harbors provided England with a geographic advantage in the Industrial Revolution.
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The “Black Country” of England was known for its
• 5. Choice B is correct. England’s “Black Country” was notorious for the clouds of soot and smoke caused by industrial production.
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What was one important power source for factories in 18th-
century England?• 6. Choice D is correct. Water was a
key source of power in the Industrial Revolution; the rivers of industrial England were important for this reason.
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10.3.2 Review
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What impact did the steam engine have on the growth of industry?
• 1. Choice D is correct. The steam engine was a source of industrial power that maximized output of energy.
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What technology did James Watt improve?
• 2. Choice A is correct. The English inventor James Watt is famous for his improvements to the steam engine.
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Which process would be an example of pasteurization?
• 3. Choice A is correct. Pasteurization is commonly used as a means of sterilizing milk.
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By the 1840s, England was connected by a network of
• 4. Choice C is correct. By the 1840s, England was connected by a network of railroads.
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Which 20th-century invention is most comparable to the telegraph in its
impact? • 5. Choice B is correct. Email and
the Internet have an impact today that is similar to the telegraph in its time, because they enable written messages to be sent quickly.
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Which increased as a result of the Industrial Revolution?
• 6. Choice C is correct. The Industrial Revolution dramatically increased the pace of daily life and business, including travel, work, communications, and business transactions.
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10.3.3 Review
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Between 1800 and 1850, London’s population
• 1. Choice B is correct. In London between 1800 and 1850, the population more than doubled.
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Which city had the smallest population throughout 1800–
1850? • 2. Choice C is correct. Over the
years, Edinburgh maintained the lowest population.
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What is the best explanation for the population growth shown in
the graph? • 3. Choice A is correct. The
population explosion based on improvements in agriculture and science, led to growing numbers as well as growing industrialization and urbanization.
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10.3.4 Review
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Which would have been a common life change in England during the Industrial
Revolution? • 1. Choice A is correct. During the
Industrial Revolution, many people left agricultural lifestyles to take jobs in industrial areas.
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In Great Britain, the Factory Act of 1819 declared it illegal for children to work more than 12 hours a day. What does
the act suggest about labor conditions at that time? • 2. Choice C is correct. In Great
Britain, the Factory Act of 1819 declared it illegal for children to work more than 12 hours a day—not an unheard-of occurrence. However, this act was not enforced for many years.
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In the 19th century, millions of people seeking work migrated
• 3. Choice D is correct. In the 19th century, millions of people seeking work migrated from Asia and Europe to North America.
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Which statement is true of social class during the Industrial
Revolution? • 4. Choice B is correct. During the
Industrial Revolution, social classes became increasingly divided.
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Collective bargaining was a process of negotiation between
• 5. Choice A is correct. Collective bargaining was a process of negotiation between employers and employees.
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In 1902, Pennsylvania coal miners refused to work, returning to their jobs
only when guaranteed a 10 percent pay increase and reduction of hours. The miners’ action is an example of
• 6. Choice C is correct. The 1902 strike of Pennsylvania coal miners was a famous success.
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10.3.5 Review
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“They are the leaders on the way to material progress . . . . They guess what the
consumers would like to have and are intent on providing them with these things.”—from Human Action: A Treatise on
Economics, Ludwig von Mises1 The quotation describes the role in
an industrial economy played by
• 1. Choice A is correct. The quotation by Ludwig von Mises describes the role of entrepreneurs in an industrial economy.
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According to the quotation, what skill is important to a business
leader? • 2. Choice B is correct. Von Mises
says that an ability to guess what consumers would desire to buy is a key part of an entrepreneur’s success.
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What is the goal of industrial production?
• 3. Choice D is correct. The goal of industrial production is to manufacture consumer goods that can be sold.
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Which event in 19th-century England most benefited its
industrial economy?• 4. Choice C is correct. Increased
population growth—and the labor it provided—was an enormous benefit to industrializing England.
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Which social change in 19th-century England would have most
benefited an industrial entrepreneur?
• 5. Choice C is correct. The ready availability of money is essential to entrepreneurship. Lending by new financial institutions such as banks played a key role in the industrialization of England.
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10.3.6 Review
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Which statement would a critic of capitalism have most likely made during the Industrial Revolution?
• 1. Choice C is correct. Critics of capitalism were concerned that the Industrial Revolution concentrated wealth in the hands of business owners and investors, while many workers lived in poverty.
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Nineteenth-century socialists made significant gains in
• 2. Choice B is correct. Nineteenth-century socialists are particularly remembered for their work in the labor movement. They were also among the leaders of the feminist and peace movements.
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What was the relationship between work and property in a utopian
community?• 3. Choice D is correct. In a utopian
community, people typically lived and worked together and held their property in common.
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With what economic idea is Karl Marx most closely associated?
• 4. Choice C is correct. Karl Marx is most closely identified with communism.
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Citizens in a social democracy expect their government to
• 5. Choice A is correct. Citizens in a social democracy expect their government to provide them with certain benefits.
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Which economic system emerged in Europe as a response to both capitalist and socialist ideals?
• 6. Choice D is correct. Social democracy is the dominant economic system in many European nations today.
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10.3.7 Review
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“How glad I am to be able to roam in wood and thicket, among the trees and
flowers and rocks!”—Ludwig van Beethoven
What Romantic value is expressed in Beethoven’s words about
nature?
• 1. Choice B is correct. Beethoven’s joyful words emphasize his own personal appreciation for nature.
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Which would have been the most likely subject for a classical
painter?
• 2. Choice C is correct. Classicizing painters sometimes depicted subjects from ancient Greece and Rome, such as Jacques-Louis David’s famous Death of Socrates.
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Nineteenth-century European Romantics tended to view the past
as a • 3. Choice D is correct. Nineteenth-
century European Romantics tended to view the past as a simpler, gentler time.
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European Romanticism celebrated the beauty of nature at a time
when • 4. Choice B is correct. European
Romanticism celebrated the beauty of nature at a time when industrialization was polluting the land.
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European Romanticism celebrated ordinary people at a time when
they • 5. Choice C is correct. European
Romanticism celebrated ordinary people at a time when they were agitating for greater political power.
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A 19th-century novel that attempted “social criticism” might have shown
how a young hero or heroine was affected by
• 6. Choice D is correct. Some novels by Charles Dickens show the effects on industrial pollution on society and the landscape.
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10.4.1 Review
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Which event would be an example of imperialism?
• 1. Choice A is correct. A powerful nation seizing control of a poor nation and its resources is a classic example of imperialism.
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Nineteenth-century European imperialism was spurred in part by
success in • 2. Choice B is correct. Nineteenth-
century European imperialism was facilitated by developments in technology.
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What geography-related goal most motivated 19th-century European
imperialists?
• 3. Choice D is correct. Nineteenth-century European imperialists competed for control of trade routes.
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The resource of central Africa that would have been most attractive to 19th-century European imperialists
was its
• 4. Choice C is correct. Tin and copper mines in central Africa were of great interest to European industrialists.
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Christian missionaries in colonized lands, in the 1800s,
• 5. Choice A is correct. Christian missionaries in colonized lands typically sought to convert non-Christians.
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A 19th-century English Social Darwinist would say that his or
her nation’s power was proof of
• 6. Choice C is correct. A 19th-century English Social Darwinist would say that his or her nation’s power was proof of its superiority.
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10.4.2 Review
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What two European nations colonized most of South America?
• 1. Choice D is correct. Most of South American was colonized by Spain and Portugal.
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What two European nations colonized most of Africa?
• 2. Choice B is correct. England and France were the two largest colonial powers in Africa.
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During the late 1800s, which European nation had no colony in
Africa? • 3. Choice D is correct. The
Netherlands had no colony in Africa in the late 1800s.
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Which European nation colonized the most land around the world
during the 19th century?
• 4. Choice C is correct. At the height of its powers, Great Britain controlled two-fifths of the world’s land mass, with colonies on every continent.
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The purpose of the Berlin Conference was to plan for the
• 5. Choice C is correct. The purpose of the Berlin Conference was to plan for the division of Africa among colonial powers.
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Where did the United States acquire a colony in 1898?
• 6. Choice B is correct. In 1898, as a result of the Spanish-American War, the United States acquired the island nation of the Philippines as its colony.
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10.4.3 Review
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European colonists believed they had the right to colonize Africa
because • 1. Choice A is correct. Europeans
believed that their wealth and power gave them the right to claim foreign lands
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For Africans, European colonization resulted in
• 2. Choice C is correct. As a result of European colonization, Africans suffered loss of lands and loss of trade. They also achieved longer life spans and some gains in literacy.
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What event closely preceded the rise of African nationalist
movements? • 3. Choice D is correct. The end of
World War I preceded a rise in nationalist movements in areas of Ghana and other future African nations.
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The African prime minister who first came to power in Ghana
• 4. Choice A is correct. When Kwame Nkrumah became prime minister in 1952, he was the first black African to be an acknowledged leader in the area in more than 50 years.
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Ghana achieved independence
• 5. Choice C is correct. Ghana achieved independence in a series of steps.
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10.4.4 Review
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“The British treat nations as the silk-worm farmer treats his worms; as long as they
produce silk, he cares for them well; when they stop, he feeds them to the fish.”
—from The Vital Problem of China (1917), Sun Yat-sen
Which statement best summarizes the danger Sun Yat-sen describes in the
quotation?• 1. Choice C is correct. Sun Yat-sen
uses this simile of a silk-worm farmer to say that a colonial power cares for the nations it colonizes only while it enjoys their profits.
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What made the Haitian revolution a landmark in history?
• 2. Choice B is correct. The Haitian revolution was unprecedented in that enslaved people won freedom for themselves and established a republic.
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Struggles for independence in Latin America were led mainly by
• 3. Choice D is correct. Struggles for independence in Latin America were led mainly by creoles, such as Simón Bolívar.
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What was the primary means through which Indians sought
independence from Great Britain?
• 4. Choice A is correct. Nonviolent civil disobedience was a defining feature of India’s struggle for independence from Great Britain.
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From whom did the Chinese win independence in 1911?
• 5. Choice B is correct. In 1911, the Chinese people won independence from the Qing dynasty and founded a republic.
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•STUDY !!!!!!!