![Page 1: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CSE1GDT
Game Design Theory
Paul Taylor
2009
![Page 2: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
A Brief history of Video Games
• 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program– It crashed the Pilot Ace mainframe– The game was ported to a new mainframe
and was finally run in October 1951.• 1952 Tic Tac Toe was demonstrated on
the EDSAC Computer
Moving forwards 6 whole years.....
![Page 3: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1958
• Tennis for Two is born into existence by William Higinbotham
• It was the first Video Game that didn’t simply emulate an existing board game
http://www.virginmedia.com/images/Tennis_for_Two-tennis-431.jpg
![Page 4: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
SpaceWar!
• This was the first influential video game.• Created by MIT students in 1961
– First to be distributed across many computers• Programmed for a DEC PDP-1
– SpaceWar! Would eventually become an included program with PDP-1 Machines
http://sophia.javeriana.edu.co/~ochavarr/computer_graphics_history/historia/images/1961_SpaceWar.jpg
![Page 5: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Arcade Machines
• The first arcade machine was released in September 1971, featuring the “Galaxy Game”– A reprogrammed version of
SpaceWar! Running on a
PDP-11
http://cdn.dipity.com/uploads/events/3ea22f93174a9256312f2e47590765f7.jpg
![Page 6: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
1972 - Pong
• Nolan Bushnell creates a little company called ‘Atari’ which enters the market with ‘Pong’
• Soon many clones started appearing
http://www.videogamesblogger.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/nolan-bushnell-next-to-pong-arcade-machine2.jpg
![Page 7: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
1972 - The first Console
• Magnavox released the first console– The ‘Magnavox Odyssey’– Cartridges simple changed switches within
the system– It ran on batteries!
http://www.thegameconsole.com/magnavoxodyssey.jpg
![Page 8: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
1974 – E.T. Pong Go Home
• In 1974/75 Pong was released as a home console
http://www.gooddealgames.com/articles/Game%20Consoles/2%20Atari%20Pong.jpg
![Page 9: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
1976 – The Coleco Telstar
• This would launch a console war between Atari and Coleco
http://www.gooddealgames.com/articles/Game%20Consoles/6%20Coleco%20Telstar.jpg
![Page 10: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
1976 - Fairchild Channel F
• It flopped• Why call it the ‘Channel F’??• It introduced true cartridges to consoles
http://www.gooddealgames.com/articles/Game%20Consoles/11%20Fairchild%20Channel%20F.jpg
![Page 11: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
1977 – The Atari VCS (The Atari 2600)
• The 2600 proved video games as a success at large.
• 2 years later Atari recruited an amateur game designer, Chris Crawford.
• US $199
http://news.cnet.com/i/bto/20080102/Atari_2600.png
![Page 12: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
1971 Baseball (BASBAL)
• Introduced Sabermetric-style Mathematics
• Sabermetrics is statistical and mathematical analysis of baseball games.– This was used up til 1997!!!
![Page 13: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Star Trek - 1971
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Star_Trek_text_game.png/320px-Star_Trek_text_game.png
![Page 14: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Text Adventures
• 1972, Hunt the Wumpus– The first text-navigation game– Not based on a grid (dodecahedron)
http://www.gameclassification.com/files/games/Hunt-the-Wumpus.jpg
![Page 15: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Text Adventures Part ][
• 1975, Colossal Caves, ADVENT, Adventure– The first real text-adventure game– No-Map
http://www.nacionarcade.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/advent.png
![Page 16: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
3D Shooters
• 1973/4– Spasim nad Maze War released.– Wireframe graphics
• It would take till 1994 before 3D Shooters would become a mainstream genre
![Page 17: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Role Play Games
• 1975– dnd and Dungeon released– The first popular RPG games– The first was probably pedit5, from 1974
• Dungeon was an unlicensed copy of the popular dnd board game– How does this compare today?– http://
www.techdirt.com/articles/20100730/17081510430.shtml
![Page 18: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
1981 - Atari
• Over 10,000 employees• In the US 1 in 4 households owned an
Atari• Atari was worth over 1.2 Billion dollars
![Page 19: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
1982 – Atari Pac-Man
• Ported from the arcade machine– In only 6 weeks!
• It was a poor copy, due to the lesser hardware of the 2600
• 12 million Cartridges were manufactured• 7 million sold
– Many returned• = A financial blow
![Page 20: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
E.T. Go Home!
• Atari purchased the rights to E.T. In 1982 for US $20M
• Manufactured 5-12M copies– This was more than the
existing console-base!• The game sucked! REALLY
sucked!
http://pwned.jp/gamecovers/atari/cbec69d088f272ba1e2c4968f1733e1a-E_T__the_Extra_Terrestrial.jpg
![Page 21: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• 14 Truckloads of ET and Pac-Man were buried in the Nevada Desert
http://www.geeks.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/ET.gif
http://andromeda.plymouthlibrary.org/blog/libchoice/images/ET.png
![Page 22: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
1982 - Enter the Commodore
• Sold 30M units• Allowed peope to play
games and program / use work software
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Commodore64.jpg/320px-Commodore64.jpg
![Page 23: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Games were originally developed by a single person, who managed all of the aspects of the game
• It usually took days, or possibly weeks to create a game– Nowadays the cycle for most games is rarely under
18months, and involving hundreds, or 1000’s of people
• With Atari fading away, Nintendo brought in the NES– Nintendo Seal of Quality
• Avoided the Cartridge flood which reduced profitability
![Page 24: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• At the same time, many keen gamers were starting to develop games on their Home Computers
• The computing power of these machines, and the difference in capabilities to consoles led the development of game genres
• Elements such as varying backgrounds and storylines started emerging
• Following this games started to develop a learning curve, where experience also became an important factor
![Page 25: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• Newer Computers had EGA (16) and even VGA(256!!) graphics, Sound Cards and even Mouse input, – The advent of the mouse is where the
computer really took over the RTS genre• Developing games started to incorporate
the length of the game play to be extended – both for enjoyment and marketing
• The release of the PlayStation killed arcade machines– Sony also broadened the games market from
Hard-Core to Kids, by marketing the PS1 at young adults
![Page 26: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• This created a much larger market, and thus required that games be designed for specific areas of the market
• Marketing people saw this change and the ‘casual gamer’ was born– Did they exist? Or did the market create them?
• It forced the developers to change the format of games– Difficulty didn’t need to be part of gameplay– Frustration was to be avoided– Ergonomics were a key to a games success– Beauty of the game was also a major influence
![Page 27: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
This brings us to roughly now…
• The aspects we cover in Game Design are a good summary of what is involved at the moment– Changes WILL happen, forever no doubt
• On the up side, basic ingredients for games haven’t changed, just extra spices, and a few new dishes on the menu
![Page 28: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
How Not to Develop a Game
• Limbo of the Lost– Do you trust the people you work with?
![Page 29: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Limbo of the Lost
![Page 30: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Oblivion
![Page 31: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Wow!
Limbo of the Lost Oblivion
![Page 32: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Tim Croucher, Steve Bovis and Laurence Francis
One of these guys is not like the others….
I’d recommend avoiding developing like this!
![Page 33: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The Design Process
....• Concept
• Elaboration• Tuning
![Page 34: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Graphic Design
http://opal-gem.deviantart.com/art/My-wewy-design-flow-diagram-83391221
![Page 35: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The Rule of Three’s
• Introduction• Variation 1• Variation 2+• Full On!
http://brainjuicegames.wordpress.com/category/brain-juice/
![Page 36: CSE1GDT Game Design Theory Paul Taylor 2009. A Brief history of Video Games 1951 C. Strachey attempted to run a draughts program –It crashed the Pilot](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d815503460f94a65c29/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
The End