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1.
which of the following substances
acts at the NMJ to excite the muscle
fibers of the motor unit?acetylcholine ATP creatine
phosphate serotonin
acetylcholine
2.
which of the following muscle fiber
types would be most benificial for a
powerlifter?
type IIb
3.
when throwing a baseball, the
athletes arm is rapidly stretched just
prior to throwing the ball. what
structure detects and responds to
that stretch by reflexively increasing
muscle activity?
muscle spindle
4.
a college volleyball player begins
resistance training for the first time.
what muscle fiber types will
hypertrophy first? fast twitch slow
twitch muscle spindle intrafusal
muscle
fast twitch
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5.
a 22 yr old soccer player begins
resistance training for the first time.
his chosen exercises include those for
all major muscle groups. after 3
weeks, he notices an increase in lowerextremity strength. which of the
following best explains this athletes
improved motor control
6.
which of the following results from
adding resistance training to a
marathoners aerobic exercise
training program? max o2 uptake
increases max o2 uptake decreases
short-term endurance may improvelong-term endurance may improve
short term endurance may improve
7.
a weightlifter adds 30 min of intense
(>75% VO2max) stationary bicycle
riding every other day to her
resistance training program. which
of the following describes the effect
this addition will have on her
performance? strength gains are
compromised stre
strength gains are compromised
8. a bundle of muscle fibers is called fasiculus
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9.
to which of the following structures
do the cross-bridges attach during
muscle action? actin myosin m-
bridge sarcolemma
actin
10.
which of the following substances
regulates muscle actions? potassium
calcium phosphorus selenium
calcium
11.
which of the following best describes
what occurs during a concentric
muscle action? resistance is greater
than muscle force resistance is equal
to muscle force resistance is less than
muscle force negative energy is
produced
resistance is less than muscle force
12.
which of the following will increase
force produced during a concentric
muscle action? 1. agonist
prestretching 2. more calcium
released in the myofibril 3. decreased
activity of the antagonist muscle
group 4. faster muscle action
1,2,&3 only
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13. sarcopenia is defined as reduced muscle size and strength
14.
the knee joint can be described as
cartilaginous synovial axial
multiaxial
synovial
15.most human limbs operate as which
class of lever?3rd class
16.
which of the following defines
power? mass * acceleration force *
distance force * velocity torque *
time
force * velocity
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17.
to compare performances of lifters of
different body weights, the classical
formula divides the lift by body
weight body weight squared lean
body weight body weight to the 2/3
power
body weight to the 2/3 power
18.
during free weight exercise, muscle
force varies with which of the
following? 1. perpendicular distance
from the weight to the body joint 2.
joint angle 3. movement velocity 4.
movement velocity squared
1, 2, & 3
19.
a vertical jump involves knee, hip,
and shoulder movement in primarily
which plane? sagital perpendicular
frontal transverse
sagital
20.
a person is performing a concentric
isokinetic elbow flexion and
extension exercise. which of the
following types of levers occur at the
elbow during this exercise? first class
second class third class
1st and 3rd
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21.
resistance exercise programs
designed to stimulate new bone
formation should emphasize all of the
following EXCEPT loading
specificity metabolic specificityprogressive overload variation in
exercise selection
metabolic specificity
22.
a 50 year old female triathlete is
concerned about osteoporosis, which
of the following exercises would be
MOST beneficial for improving her
bone mineral density? front squat leg
(knee) extension bench press latpulldown
front squat
23.
a 17 year old HS cross country
runner has been training aerobically
for 6 months in preparation for the
upcoming season. which of the
following adaptations will occur in
the muscles during that time?
1.increased concentration of
glycolytic enzymes 2. hy
4. hypertrophy of type I fibers
24.
which of the following is NOT a
primary function of cartilage? 1. aids
in the attachment of muscle to bone
2. allows smooth articulation between
bones in a joint 3. connects bones
together 4. improves shock
absorption in joints
(3) connects bones together
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25.
which ofthe following occurs as a
result of a combination of heavy
resistance training and aerobic
training? a. decreased cartilage
thickness b. joint degeneration c.increased cartilage thickness d.
decreased collagen amount
c. increased cartilage thickness
26.
in general, which of the following
types of tissue has the poorest blood
supply? a. bone b. muscle c. tendon
d. cartilage
d. cartilage
27.
which of the following is the ultimate
source of energy for contraction? a.
GTP b. O2 c. NADH d. ATP
d. ATP
28.
which of the following can be
metabolized anaerobically? a.
protein b. carbohydrate c. fat d.
glycerol
b. carbohydrate
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29.
the energy system used depends
primarily on the athlete's a. exercise
intensity b. exercise duration c. state
of training d. body composition
a. exercise intensity
30.
the production of lactic acid results
from the activation of a. the
phosphagen system b. slow glycolysis
c. fast glycolysis d. fat oxidation
c. fast glycolysis
31.
which of the following
pathways/systems has the highest
rate of energy production? a.
phosphagen system b. fast glycolysis
c. fat oxidation d. carbohydrate
oxidation
c. phosphagen system
32.
in the oxidative system
approximately how many ATPs are
produced from the degradation of 1
glucose molecule? a. 27 b. 36 c. 38 d.
41
c. 38
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33.
which of the following
pathways/systems supports the
initiation of all exercise? a. oxidative
system b. phosphagen system c. slowglycolysis d. fast glycolysis
b. phosphagen system
34.
which of the following enzymes
catalyzes the rate limiting step of
glycolysis? a. PFK b. isocitrate
dehydrogenase c. phosphorylase d.
lactate dehydrogenase
a. PFK
35.
following a bout of resistance
exercise training, acute hormonal
secretions provide all the following
information to the body EXCEPT the
a. amount of physiological stress b.
metabolic demands of exercise c. type
of physiological stress d. energy expe
a. amount of physiological stress
36.
which of the following hormones
enhance muscle tissue growth I.
growth hormone II. cortisol III. IGF
IV. progesterone
I and III only
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37.
growth hormone provides all of the
following physiological roles
EXCEPT a. increased lipolysis b.
decreased collagen synthesis c.
increased amino acid transport d.
decreased glucose utilization
b. decreased collagen synthesis
38.
which of the following hormones has
the greatest influence on neural
changes? a. growth hormone b.
testosterone c. cortisol d. IGF
b. testosterone
39.
which of the following hormone
levels is higher in women than in men
at rest? a. cortisol b. insulin c.
testosterone d. growth hormone
d. growth hormone
40.
through which of the following valves
does blood flow after contraction of
the left ventricle? a. aortic b. mitral
(bicuspid) c. pulmonary d. tricuspid
a. aortic
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41.
from which of the following is the
hearts electrical impulse normally
initiated? a. av node b. sa node c. the
brain d. sympathetic nervous system
b. sa node
42.
which of the following occurs during
the QRS complex of a typical ECG?
I. depolarization of the atrium II.
repolarization of the atrium III.
repolarization of the ventricle IV.
depolarization of the ventricle
II and IV only
43.
in what portion of the lungs does gas
exchange occur? a. bronchus b.
trachea c. alveoli d. pleura
c. alveoli
44.
the amount of blood ejected from the
left ventricle during each beat is the
a. cardiac output b. a-vo2 difference
c. heart rate d. stroke volume
d. stroke volume
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45.
all of the following normally increase
during aerobic exercise EXCEPT: a.
end diastolic volume b. cardiac
contractility c. cardiac output d.diastolic blood pressure
d. diastolic blood pressure
46.
which of the following best describes
the change in stroke volume during
heavy resistance exercise? a.
increases b. decreases by 50% c.
stays the same d. increases, then
plateuas
c. stays the same
47.
the mean arterial pressure is defines
as: a. average blood pressure
throughout the cardiac cycle b.
average of systolic and diastolic
blood pressures c. average systolic
blood pressure during exercise d.
average of blood pressure and heart
rate
a. average blood pressure throughout
the cardiac cycle
48.
high intensity, low repetition
resistance training results in which of
the following adaptations? a.
increased capillary density b.
decreased tidal volume c. improved
o2 extraction d. no change in
maximal o2 uptake
a. increased capillary density
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49.
which of the following is an early
adjustment to acclimatizing to high
altitude? a. decreased tidal volume b.
decreased respiration rate c.
increased resting cardiac output d.
increased stroke volume
c. increased resting cardiac output
50.
after which of the following maximal
exercise scenarios would the lactic
acid concentrations be the highest in
the muscles? a. duration 15s b.
duration 30s c. duration 2 min d.
intermittent of 20s each
c. duration of 2 min
51.
chronic training involving the fast
glycolysis energy system results in
improved buffering of which of the
following substances? a. blood
protein b. hydrogen ions c. blood
lactate d. glycogen
b. hydrogen ions
52.
primary training adaptations of elite
aerobically trained athletes include
which of the following? I. increased
maximal oxygen uptake II. decreased
blood lactate concentration III.
increased running economy IV.
decreased capillary density
c. I, II, III
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53.
which of the following is least likely
to change with overtraining in a
college wrestler? a. maximal
anaerobic sprint performance b.
increased muscle strength at variousmovement velocities c. resting heart
rate d. mood state
c. resting heart rate
54.
a sprinter just completed a semi-final
800m sprint. which of the following
should he do to facilitate removal of
lactic acid from the blood in
preparation for the finals? a.
perform stretching exercises b. sit in
a shady area c. perform moderateintens
c. perform moderate intensity
jogging
55.
long term recovery from exercise is
best achieved with: a. proper
nutritional intake b. cold water
immersion c. a proper cool down d.
massage of the agonist muscles
a. proper nutritional intake
56.
following detraining, endurance
athletes first notice a decline in
maximal a. strength b. power c.
oxygen consumption d. heart size
c. oxygen consumption
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57.
when males and females are
compared relative to muscle cross-
sectional area, it appears that the
potential for force production is: a.
greater in males b. greater in femalesc. equal in males and females d.
dependent upon body weight
c. equal in males and females
58.
which of the following is the most
significant adaptation to chronic
resistance training in older adults? a.
increased cardiovascular fitness b.
improved blood lipid profile c.
increased muscle mass d. improvedflexibility
c. increased muscle mass
59.
an 8 yr old boy has observed
dramatic increases in his upper-body
strength following 6 months of
resistance training. which of the
following is most likely to be
responsible for this gain? a.
increased number of muscle fibers b.
increased size of muscle
d. improved neuromuscular
functioning
60.
growth cartilage in children is
located in all of the following
locations EXCEPT: a. the diaphysis
b. the epiphyseal plate c. the joint
surface d. apophyseal insertion
a. the diaphysis
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61.
all of the following are likely benifits
of preadolescent resistance training
EXCEPT increased: a. resistance to
injury b. 1RM strength c. musclehypertrophy d. bone density
c. muscle hypertrophy
62.
the condition characterized by a bone
mineral density more than 2.5 SD
below the young adult mean is called:
a. sarcopenia b. osteopenia c.
osteoporosis d. scoliosis
c. osteoporosis
63.
which of the following should be
evaluated first when designing a
training program for a 68 yr old
competitive female tennis player? a.
cardiovascular fitness b. lower body
strength c. balance and agility d.
medical history
d. medical history
64.
deconditioned college female athletes
who participate in sports such as
basketball and soccer appear to be at
increased risk for developing injuries
to the: a. back b. knee c. growth plate
d. head
b. knee
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65.
during the closing seconds of a
basketball game, an athletes team is
down by one point and he has been
awarded two free throw shots. the
player is apprehensive about the
outcome ofthe game. which of the
following best describes the athletes
situation? a.
b. he is experiencing state anxiety
66.
an olympic weightlifter attempting a
personal record is able to ignore the
audience to concentrate solely on her
performance. which of the following
abilities is this athlete most likely
using to perform the lift? a. selectiveattention b. somatic anxie
a. selective attention
67.
prior to performing the long jump,
an athlete reviews and concentrates
on the technique required to jump as
far as possible. which of the following
strategies is the athlete using to
prepare for the jump? a. focusing on
task relevant cues b. reliance on
a. focusing on task relevant cues
68.
which of the following is most
important to achieving the ideal
performance state? a. fear of failure
b. analyzing performance c. broad
focus on the activity and the
environment d. personal control
d. personal control
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69.
an athletes desire to perform to
his/her potential is an example of: a.
motive to avoid failure b. dissociation
c. intrinsic motivation d. achievementmotivation
c. intrinsic motivation
70.
for the high school football team, if
any player squats two times his
bodyweight, his name is placed on
the wall. this is an example of: a.
negative reinforcement b. positive
reinforcement c. negativepunishment d. positive punishment
b. positive reinforcement
71.
how does an athlete's amount, or
latitude, of optimal arousal change
with limited skill and ability of the
activity? a. it increases b. it decreases
c. it has no effect d. performance
improves with greater arousal
a. it decreases