CSA Z94.4-2011Selection, Use and Care of Respirators
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© 3M 2012 All Rights Reserved.
Stacy Richardson, IHT, CRSP
Technical Service Specialist
3M Canada Company
Occupational Health & Safety Division
519-601-6026
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© 2012, 3M. All Rights Reserved.
This summary was prepared by the 3M Canada Occupational Health and Environmental Safety Division. It does not in any way represent an official, legal nor complete interpretations of the referenced standard and there is no representation, warranty, guarantee or other obligation of 3M Canada Company or its employees arising out of its contents. Should specific questions arise, the standard itself should be reviewed and relied upon, and legal counsel consulted where appropriate, rather than relying upon this summary.
Agenda
� Canadian Overview
� Key Changes
� Change-out procedures no longer allows for use of warning
properties
� New APFs
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� Control Banding Method for bioaerosols without OELs
� Training Updates
� New Appendices:
� Fit Test Competency
� Facial Hair
� Questions
APFs
Respiratory Regulation
Fed - CSA1982
February 2012
CSA/Z94.4
BCZ94.4-93/02 CSA-02
Z94.4-02 NoneNone
NIOSHCSA-93 or ANSIZ94.4-93
CSA/Z94.4
NL
NBPEI
NS
CSA-93/Z94.4-93
* In guidance document CSA-93/Z94.4-93
CSA/Z94.4
CSA-02Z94.4-02
None (Z94.4-02*)
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Key Changes
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Change-out Procedures, Schedules and Service Time
Section 10 – Use of Respirators
� Qualified person shall establish a change-out schedule…before
their useful service life is ended.
� Odour and warning properties of the contaminant SHALL not be
relied upon for cartridge/canister change out. Options
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relied upon for cartridge/canister change out. Options
� End of service life indicators
� Maximum use time
� Breathing resistance as appropriate (filters)
� Change out schedule calculated by a qualified person using the
manufacturers product information.
Qualified Person – an individual who possess the knowledge, experience, And training to fullfill the competencies of the role(s) defined in the standard
Change-out Procedures, Schedules and Service Time
So what does this mean?
� Workplaces must understand concentrations,
through air sampling.
� May create more cost for end user
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� May create more cost for end user
� End user may end up using more or less cartridges.
Assigned Protection Factors (APFs)
� New APFS
� Alignment with OSHA APFs introduced in the US in
November 2006.
� Note: some differences with OSHA as they pertain to the
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� Note: some differences with OSHA as they pertain to the
fit test method
Assigned Protection Factors
Respirator Type CSAZ94.4-02
NIOSH2004 Selection Logic
OSHAOSHA Nov. 2006
29 CFR 1910.134
CSAZ94.4-11
(Proposed Draft)
Air Purifying Half Facepiece 10 10 10 10
Full Facepiece 100 (QLFT – 10) 101 / 502 50 50 (QLFT 10)
Powered Air
Purifying
Loose-fitting facepiece 25 25 25 25
Half facepiece 50 50 50 50
Full facepiece 1000 50 1000 1000
Helmet or hood 1000 25 25 / 10003 25 / 10003
Air Line Loose fitting facepiece 25 25 25 25Air Line
Continuous Flow
Supplied Air
Loose fitting facepiece 25 25 25 25
Half facepiece 50 50 50 50
Full facepiece 1000 50 1000 1000
Helmet or hood 1000 25 25 / 10003 25 / 10003
Air Line
Pressure Demand
Half facepiece 50 1000 50 50
Full facepiece 1000 2000 1000 1000
SCBA Full facepiece -------------- 10000 10000 100004
SCBA tight fitting hood -------------- ----------------- 10000 100004
1APF of 10 with full facepiece respirators equipped with N/R/P 95 or 99 class filters.2APF of 50 with a full facepiece equipped with a class 100 filter. Full facepiece with gas/vapour cartridge and/or equipped with a 100 class pre-filter. 3 Manufacturer must demonstrate APF of 10004 Must be QNFT
Respirator Selection
Hazard Assessment
OEL & Sampling Data Bioaerosol with no OEL
Hazard Ratio
APFs
Control Banding Method
APFs
Respirator Selection
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Bioaerosol
Definition: liquid droplet (generated for example by coughing, sneezing or a medical procedure such as bronchoscopy) or a solid particle (generated for example by sweeping, shovelling) suspended in the air. Bioaerosols include living or dead microorganisms, fragments, toxins, and particulate waste products from all varieties of living things. They are capable of
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fragments, toxins, and particulate waste products from all varieties of living things. They are capable of causing infection, adverse or allergic response.
Note: Individual bioaerosols range in size from submicroscopic particles (<0.01 µm) to particles greater than 100 µm in diameter.
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Control Banding Approach
7.3.2.3.1 Control Banding Approach
� Control Banding was developed in Great Britain to implement safe and realistic means of control where quantitative risk information was limited.
� Control Banding is a generic technique used to guide the assessment and management of workplace risks.
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The general procedure is to derive an appropriate level of respiratory protection by combining ranges or “bands” representing:
� Risk Group - (nature of the hazard and availability of treatment)
� Generation Rate (from human release, activities, or equipment)
� Control Level (e.g., ventilation).
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Control Banding Approach
7.3.2.3.4
The appropriate workplace environment shall be selected in
accordance with
� Figure 2 for a health care facility when exposure is related to
infectious bioaerosols that are communicable between
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infectious bioaerosols that are communicable between
humans; or
� Figure 3 for general workplace environments [including all
settings not defined in item (a)] for all bioaerosols
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Health Care Facilities
� A facility designed for the provision of health care.
� The health care figure shall be used when exposure is
related to infectious bioaerosols that are
communicable* between humans
e.g. mycobacterium tuberculosis, influenza or varicella
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e.g. mycobacterium tuberculosis, influenza or varicella
Note: Refer to Annex N: Additional guidance for qualified persons on
respirator selection in health care environments
*Communicable ~ Contagious
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Risk Group
Not associate with disease: or serious
adverse health effectsR1
Rarely serious, prevention/therapy
availableR2
Serious/lethal, prevention/therapy possible R3
Serious/lethal, prevention/therapy not
readily availableR4
Generation Rate
Patient not coughing or sneezing G1
Patient coughing or sneezing with mouth
coveredG2
Control Banding Approach for Bioaerosols in a Healt h Care Facilities
coveredG2
Patient coughing or sneezing with mouth
uncoveredG3
Aerosol-generating procedure G4
Control Level
Poorly ventilated, < 3 ACH C1
Corridor/patient room, 3-6 ACH C2
Negative pressure, laboratory, autopsy,
>6-12 ACH C3
Surgery, >12 ACH C4
Health Care Facility:
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB) Exposure
A RN is caring for a patient with pulmonary mycobacterium tuberculosis.
The patient has a uncovered productive cough and is currently in airborne
isolation in a negative-pressure room.
Step 1Identify the bioaerosolMycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis
Transmission of disease, infection or adverse effects produced from inhalation of bioaerosolYes, pulmonary mycobacterium tuberculosis
Step 2
Select applicable control banding wheelHealth Care Facility
Step 3 Hazard Assessment will
identify the bioaerosol. This
is the responsibility of the
workplace
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Health Care Facility: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) Exposure
Step 4
Risk Group 3 (R3) — Bacterial Agents Including RickettsiaBartonella
Determine the bioaerosol risk group(R1-R4)R3: Agents associated with serious human disease o r adverse health effect for which preventative therapy might be available
Risk Group
BartonellaBrucella including B. abortus, B. canis, B. suisBurkholderia (Pseudomonas) mallei, B. pseudomalleiCoxiella burnetiiFrancisella tularensisMycobacterium bovis (except BCG strain, see Risk Group 2 (R2) — Bacterial Agents Including Chlamydia), M. tuberculosis Pasteurella multocida type B — “buffalo” and other virulent strains Rickettsia akari, R. australis, R. canada, R. conorii, R. prowazekii, R. rickettsii, R, siberica, R.
Not associate with disease: or
serious adverse health effects
R1
Rarely serious, prevention/therapy
available
R2
Serious/lethal, prevention/therapy
possible
R3
Serious/lethal, prevention/therapy
not readily available
R4
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Determine the generation rate (G1- G4)G3: Patient coughing or sneezing with mouth uncover ed
Step 5
Generation Rate
Health Care Facility: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) Exposure
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Generation Rate
Patient not coughing or sneezing G1
Patient coughing or sneezing with mouth covered G2
Patient coughing or sneezing with mouth uncovered G3
Aerosol-generating procedure G4
Step 6 Determine the control level (C- C4)C3: Negative pressure room with 6- 12 ACH
Control Level
Health Care Facility: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) Exposure
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Control Level
Poorly ventilated, < 3 ACH C1
Corridor/patient room, 3-6 ACH C2
Negative pressure, laboratory, autopsy, >6-12 ACH C3
Surgery, >12 ACH C4
Step 7Identify the number/colour of the segment from the variables in Steps 4-6R3, G3, C3
Health Care Facility: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) Exposure
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Risk Group
Not associate with disease: or serious
adverse health effectsR1
Rarely serious, prevention/therapy
availableR2
Serious/lethal, prevention/therapy
possibleR3
Serious/lethal, prevention/therapy not
readily availableR4
Generation Rate
Patient not coughing or sneezing G1
Patient coughing or sneezing with mouth G2
Control Banding Approach for Bioaerosols in a Healt h Care Facilities
Patient coughing or sneezing with mouth
coveredG2
Patient coughing or sneezing with mouth
uncoveredG3
Aerosol-generating procedure G4
Control Level
Poorly ventilated, < 3 ACH C1
Corridor/patient room, 3-6 ACH C2
Negative pressure, laboratory, autopsy,
>6-12 ACH C3
Surgery, >12 ACH C4
Hierarchy of Respiratory ProtectionFigure 4
Respirator Selection for TB Exposure
Summary • R3, G3, C3 = Green/No. 1.
• Green/No. 1 = APF 10
• Air-purifying (negative-pressure) half-facepiece
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• Air-purifying (negative-pressure) half-facepiece
23© 2012, 3M. All Rights Reserved.
General Workplace Environments
� The general workplace figure shall be used for all environments/settings not defined for a health care facility
E.g. Mold in the workplace, hantavirus in a maintenance shed
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� Refer to Annex K for workplace scenario examples
24© 2012, 3M. All Rights Reserved.
Control Banding Approach for Bioaerosols in General Workplace Environment
Generation Rate
Low release of bioaerosol/pathogen G1
Medium release of bioaerosol/pathogen G2
Risk Group
Not associate with disease: or serious
adverse health effectsR1
Rarely serious, prevention/therapy
availableR2
Serious/lethal, prevention/therapy
possibleR3
Serious/lethal, prevention/therapy not
readily availableR4
Medium release of bioaerosol/pathogen G2
High release of bioaerosol/pathogen G3
Very high release of bioaerosol G4
Control Level
Indoor – poorly ventilated
(ACH <1)
C1
Indoor - Ventilation 1 < ACH < 4
Outdoor – no wind
C2
Indoor – Ventilation 4 < ACH < 6
Outdoor – low wind
C3
Indoor – Ventilation ACH >6
Outdoor – moderate wind
C4
General Workplace: Histoplasmosis
A worker is directed to go into a warehouse that has been occupied by
pigeons for many years. Piles of pigeon excrement about a metre deep are
found under roosting locations. The cleanup will be done indoors with no
additional ventilation.
Step 1 Identify the bioaerosolHistoplasma capsulatum
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Histoplasma capsulatum
Transmission of disease, infection or adverse effects produced from inhalation of bioaerosolYes, histoplasmosis
Step 2
Select applicable control banding wheelGeneral Workplace Environment
Step 3
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Hazard Assessment will
identify the bioaerosol. This
is the responsibility of the
workplace
Step 4 Determine the bioaerosol risk group(R1-R4)R3: Agents associated with serious human disease o r adverse health effect for which preventative therapy might be avai lable
Risk Group 3 (R3) — Fungal Agents
Coccidioides immitis (sporulating cultures; contaminated soil)
Histoplasma capsulatum, H. capsulatum var.. duboisii
General Workplace: Histoplasmosis
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Risk Group
Not associate with disease: or serious adverse health effects R1
Rarely serious, prevention/therapy available R2
Serious/lethal, prevention/therapy possible R3
Serious/lethal, prevention/therapy not readily available R4
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Step 5Determine the generation rate (G1- G4)G3: Misting then shoveling
Generation Rate
Low release of bioaerosol/pathogen G1
General Workplace: Histoplasmosis
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Low release of bioaerosol/pathogen G1
Medium release of bioaerosol/pathogen G2
High release of bioaerosol/pathogen G3
Very high release of bioaerosol G4
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Step 6 Determine the control level (C- C4)C1: Indoor, Poorly ventilated ACH < 1
Control Level
Indoor – poorly ventilated
(ACH <1)
C1
General Workplace: Histoplasmosis
(ACH <1)
Indoor - Ventilation 1 < ACH < 4
Outdoor – no wind
C2
Indoor – Ventilation 4 < ACH < 6
Outdoor – low wind
C3
Indoor – Ventilation ACH >6
Outdoor – moderate wind
C4
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Step 7Identify the number/colour of the segment from the variables in Steps 4-6R3, G3, C1
General Workplace: Histoplasmosis
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Generation Rate
Low release of bioaerosol/pathogen G1
Medium release of G2
Risk Group
Not associate with disease: or serious
adverse health effectsR1
Rarely serious, prevention/therapy
availableR2
Serious/lethal, prevention/therapy
possibleR3
Serious/lethal, prevention/therapy not
readily availableR4
Control Banding Approach for Bioaerosols in General Workplace Environment
bioaerosol/pathogenG2
High release of bioaerosol/pathogen G3
Very high release of bioaerosol G4
Control Level
Indoor – poorly ventilated
(ACH <1)
C1
Indoor - Ventilation 1 < ACH < 4
Outdoor – no wind
C2
Indoor – Ventilation 4 < ACH < 6
Outdoor – low wind
C3
Indoor – Ventilation ACH >6
Outdoor – moderate wind
C4
Hierarchy of Respiratory ProtectionFigure 4
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Respirator Selection for TB Exposure
Summary • R3, G3, C1 = Orange/No. 3.
• Orange No.3 = APF 50
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• Option - Air-purifying (negative-pressure) full-facepiece
33© 2012, 3M. All Rights Reserved.
Training Updates
� Fit testing requirements have increased
� Uses language like “competency is required”
� Verifying users ability to obtain an effective seal, comfort and fit
� Manage overall fit testing process
� Interpret results
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� Specific statement on refresher training has been replaced
with the following...
“The employer shall provide additional training for the respirator user or other
individual assigned to one or more roles in the respiratory protection
program where (a) review cannot confirm that the individual remains
qualified;……”
Fit Testing and Training Updates
� QLFT – 7 exercises; same as QNFT
� 6th – bending over if space permits
� Must sanitize fit testing hoods between fit tests
� Facial hair (section 9.2.2 )
� Reaffirms that individuals must present themselves for fit testing free from
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� Reaffirms that individuals must present themselves for fit testing free from
interference of hair where the respirator seals to the skin of the face or
neck
� States that for many individuals this requires being clean-shaven within
the previous 24 or preferably 12h to ensure a clean seal….
� No mention of frequency of training for fit testers in the
new standard
Note: Respiratory program to be reviewed on annual basis
New Appendix J –Fit Testing Competency Check List
� Nine sections
� Knowledge of respirator protection & fit testing fundamentals
� Respiratory protection requirements
� Respirators identified in the RPP
� Knowledge of pre-use requirements for the selected respirators
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� Knowledge of pre-use requirements for the selected respirators
� Verification of user’s competency
� Organization of fit testing workspace, equipment and activity
� Operation & practical aspects of fit testing equipment being used
� Ability to use respirators and fit testing equipment
� Ability to conduct respirator fit tests
New Appendix J –Fit Testing Competency Check List
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New Appendix M –Illustrations of Facial Hair
Acceptable Unacceptable
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Questions
Please contact:Stacy Richardson: 1-800-265-1840 ext. 2749
Bev Borst: 1-800-265-1840 ext. 4701
3M Canada Service Centre and
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3M Canada Service Centre and Technical Support
OH&ES1-800-267-4414
www.3m.com/CA/occsafety