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Note: Not all sheets and details are presented in this public version.
Crypto and blockchain
©Theo van Rossum 2015
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Agenda
1. Cryptography
2. Crypto protocols
3. Blockchain: what is it?
4. Bitcoin: what is it?
5. Commercial opportunities
6. The future
Appendices• Blockchain: working in more detail
• Public and private keys
• Hashing / SHA-256
• Ethereum
• Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research report highlights
• Crypto currency market capitalisation & exchanges
• Customer Satisfaction as a driver (e.g. Silk Road, crypto magic)
©Theo van Rossum 2015
Note: Not all sheets and details are presented in this public version.
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Crypto (graphy) is everywhere
• Encrypted communication (e.g. WPA, HTTPS)
• Encrypting files (e.g. bitlocker, truecrypt)
• Content protection (e.g. movies on DVD)
• User authentication (e.g. passwords and two-
way authentification)
©Theo van Rossum 2015
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But … crypto can do much more!
• Digital signatures
• Anonymous communication
• Crypto elections
• Private auctions
• Crypto magic (e.g. search strings Google)
• Smart (crypto) contracts (e.g. Ethereum see next slide)
• Crypto currencies (e.g. Bitcoins, Litecoins)
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Ethereum
©Theo van Rossum 2015Source: ethereum.org
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Crypto protocols
“Anything that can be done with a trusted
authority can also be done without!”
©Theo van Rossum 2015
Trusted authority (e.g.
notary, government body,
bank)
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Blockchain
Block Chain: the most widely known application of a block chain is the public ledger of transactions for cryptocurrencies used in bitcoin.
Other implementations of the blockchain:
• Ethereum – Turing-complete smart contracts, 15 second block time
• Namecoin – Ability to store data within a chain
• Mastercoin – Ability to process various transactions
• Peercoin – Additional Proof of stake
• Proof of Existence – document verification
©Theo van Rossum 2015
Source: WikipediaNote: Not all sheets and details are presented in this public version.
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Crypto currencies: characteristics
What is a crypto currency?• Digital cash
• Cryptography to control creation and transfer of money
What is a peer-to-peer network?• Decentralised & distributed network architecture
• No central steering
• No trusted authority needed
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Bitcoin key-concepts
• Origin: Concept published by Satoshi Nakamoto(pseudonym) in 2008, software launched in 2009
• Open source: entire source code is open to reuse and review by anybody
• No owner: no controlling body governing bitcoin
• Stability: changes to protocol only after consensus of group of core developers (a.o. Gavin Andreesen)
• Finite number: 21 million bitcoins to be created until 2140 through mining. Currently 13 million bitcoins available.
• Predictable pace: every x minutes y bitcoins are rewarded.
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Bitcoin’s anonymity
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Bitcoin Miners
©Theo van Rossum 2015
Latest developments: mining farms
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Bitcoin Wallets
Bitcoinwallets provide the following functionality:
• storage of Bitcoin addresses and corresponding closed/open keys on users
computer in wallet.dat file,
• conducting transactions of obtaining and transferring Bitcoins (BTC), also without
connection to internet
• providing information about the balance in BTC at all available addresses, prior
transactions, spare keys.
(source: en.bitcoinwiki.org/Bitcoin_wallet)
There are three types of Bitcoinwallets: desktop, online and mobile.
See also appendix-topic: demonstration of a real bitcoin transaction with blockchain-
app on Ipad.
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How Bitcoin is changing regulation“Bitcoin could have a number of benefits for our financial system. There
might be a kernel of something here that has a profound impact on the
future of payments technology and the financial system.”
“However the virtual currency industry is currently a Wild West, and a
new robust regulatory regime must be explored, rather than relying on
money transmission rules designed for firms created 150 years ago.”
"The question, then, is what type of licensing, examination, and collateralrequirements for the virtual currency industry will provide appropriate guardrails toprotect consumers and our national security - without stifling beneficial innovation."
Benjamin Lawsky, 31 January 2014
Superintendent of Financial Services, New York State Department
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Argentina: Bitcoin Blue
©Theo van Rossum 2015
“Bitcoin Blue” is presented in same list as US Dollar and Euro.
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Localbitcoins.org
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Kenya
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Example: Bitpay
Reduce Risk
With Bitpay you can eliminate the risk of
Fraud, Chargebacks, and Identity Theft from
internet payments.
Monetize New Markets
You can now accept a payment from any
country on Earth, with no risk of fraud.
Reduce Hassle
You can eliminate the need for PCI
Compliance and expensive security
measures.
Bank Direct Deposits
You will receive a direct deposit into your
bank account every business day.
Wi-Fi Mobile Payments
You can accept mobile payments over wi-fi
and 3G/4G without the need for NFC
terminals.
All-Inclusive Pricing
Clear, simple pricing, with zero transaction
fees and zero hidden charges.
©Theo van Rossum 2015
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=JP_I9zNRpEo
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Example: btcjam for crowd-funding / microfinance
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Example: Riskmitigation
• AON (NYSE: AON) provides riskmanagement
and insurance in the bitcoin ecosystem.
• Coinbase has its online wallets insured against
theft and hacking through AON, world’s
largest insurance broker.
• Offerings for “cold” storage for bitcoins
(security feature): www.icevault.ch
©Theo van Rossum 2015
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Icevault proposition
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The future?
Future of crypto and bitcoins …
It’s all about customer satisfaction …
Jamie Bartlett, arstechnica.com:
“The most surprising statistics about the Silk Road 2.0 is not the volumes of available drugs (although that is
truly staggering); it's the satisfaction scores. When I analysed 120,000 customer reviews made on the site, over
95 percent scored 5/5.”
Even western governments are offering possibilities ….
“New York City wants to make it easier for the recipients of its some 8-to-10 million annual parking tickets to
pay their fines. To do so, it's accepting pitches for payment systems that'd take advantage of mobile tech and
things like Apple Pay and bitcoin.”
….
©Theo van Rossum 2015
Note: Not all sheets and details are presented in this public version.
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Appendices
• Blockchain: working in more detail
• Public and private keys
• Hashing / SHA-256
• Ethereum
• Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research report highlights
• Crypto currency market capitalisation & exchanges
• Customer Satisfaction as a driver (Crypto magic, Silk Road)
©Theo van Rossum 2015
Note: Not all sheets and details are presented in this public version.