CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
Carus Remediation Technologies Simplified Science
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
St Louis Tank Conference 2012
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
Remediation is complex In Situ remediation is even more complex In life do we try to complicate or simplify? Carus Remediation
Technologies…Simplified Science
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
Advances with in situ remediation
1970’s
Early Bioremediation Chemical Oxidation
Second Generation
Bioremediation
Site Delineation
Better Design
Metrics
Delivery Methodologies
Advanced Site Deliniation
2012
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
Improvement in
• Delineation • In Situ Oxidation /
Reduction • In Situ Bioremediation
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
On-site, Contaminant Characterization -Membrane Interface Probe
• Advanced with DPT at 1 ft/min
• The tool tip has a VOC permeable membrane
• The tool tip has a built-in heating element that can volatize VOCs
• A nitrogen carrier gas transports the VOCs through sealed tubing to above- ground detectors.
• Qualitative and quantitative concentrations
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
Contaminant Mass Identification - Qualitative vs Extrapolated Data
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
Source Area 80% Mass
5% Plume Size
Core Plume Area 10% Mass
20% Plume Size
Dissolved Plume Area 10% Mass
75% Plume Size
Dig and Haul, Thermal, ISCO
Bioremediation, Natural Attenuation, ISCO (speed only)
ISCO, BioRemediation, Pump & Treat
GW Flow
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
Simplified ISCO
Advanced Oxidation Modified Fenton Slow Release ISCO
Simplified Bio
Aerobic IXPER STIMULOX Remediation Grade Bioremediation Products
Simplified Source
Reduction
EZVI Source Zone DNAPL Treatment
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
Simplified ISCO
Advanced Oxidation Modified Fenton Slow Release Fenton
•Advanced Oxidative Process •pH adjustment to pH of 4 •Catalyzing of system with Iron •Inject oxidant sequentially or simultaneously
•Short circuiting •Heat and gas control
•Modified Fenton •pH adjustment in the 6 range •Catalyzing of system with Iron •Inject oxidant sequentially or simultaneously
•Reduce Short circuiting •Lower heat and gas production
•Slow Release Modified Fenton •Injection of stable solid peroxide compound •Catalyze with iron •As slowly H2O2 releases from solid peroxide it can both oxidize and create oxygen rich environment
SIMPLIFIED ISCO SCIENCE
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
The Keys to Success with ISCO are:
•Choosing the correct oxidant
•Choosing the correct delivery mechanism
•Understanding the site specific oxidant demand
•Injecting enough oxidant
•Creating contact
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
The common Petroleum ISCO Oxidants:
•Fenton Chemistry •Persulfate Chemistry •Ozone Chemistry
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
Geology
• Sands • Silts • Clays • Glacial Till • Fractured Bedrock
Geochemical Concerns • Target Contaminants • Natural Oxidant Demand • Contaminant Phase • pH • Alkalinity • Heavy Metals
Oxidant Selection • Sodium Permanganate • Potassium Permanganate • Hydrogen Peroxide • Ozone • Sodium Persulfate • Fenton’s Reagent
Delivery Mechanisms • High or Low Pressure Injection • Hydraulic Fracturing • Pneumatic Fracturing • Recirculation Systems • Reactive Barriers
What Site Factors Need to be Considered
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
•Contaminant Concentration in soil (mg/kg) •Contaminant Concentration in groundwater (ug/l) •Effective Porosity •Gallons Water To Be Treated •Yards of Soil To Be Treated •Stoichiometric requirements per pound of contaminant •Soil Oxidant Demand (g/kg) •Effective Soil Oxidant Demand % •Other Scavenging Reactions (g/kg) •Confidence Factor (contaminants, lithology, hydrogeology, distribution, contact delivery)
How Much Oxidant Do I Need?
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
•CS = Contaminant Concentration in soil (mg/kg) • CGW = Contaminant Concentration in groundwater (ug/l) • CNPL = Contaminant Concentration in NAPL phase (mg/l) • PEb= Effective Porosity • G = Gallons Water To Be Treated (X*Y*Z*PE) • YS = Yards of Soil To Be Treated (X*Y*Z)
• S = Stoichiometric requirements per pound of contaminant • SOD = Soil Oxidant Demand (g/kg) • SODE = Effective Soil Oxidant Demand % • SR = Other Scavenging Reactions (g/kg) • CF = Confidence Factor (contaminants, lithology, hydrogeology, distribution, contact delivery) TR = Total Pounds of Oxidant required
Eliot Cooper
TR = { (CS+CGW+CNPL)*G*S + (SOD*SODE+SR)*Ys}* CF
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
Advances in ISCO Technologies
•Use of SVE in conjunction with ISCO
•Draw and control off gas from ISCO
•Lowers Temprature
•Use of low temperature ISCO
•CoolOx and Drill Ox
•Use of solid oxidants with passive release mechanisms
•New Methodologies to treat more recalcitrant compounds with Super Oxides
•Permanganate and Modified Fenton used as a treatment train
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
How To Ensure a Successful ISCO Project
•Be confident in you site data
•MIPS or more sampling
•Inject enough oxidant
•Know your PNOD
•Know your goals
•Establish a sampling plan
•Make sure there are enough sample locations to prove goals
•Design for at least two injections
•Be flexible in the field
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
Simplified ISCO
RemOx S RemOx SD RemOx L RemOx LD RemOx SR Remediation Grade Permanganate Products
•Aerobic Bioremediation •IXPER 75C & IXPER 70C
•Single Component •Longer lifespan
•STIMULOX •IXPER 75C with Nutrients and buffers included
•Anaerobic Bioremediation •CAP18 & CAP18 ME
•Complex mixing and emulsion of multiple compounds not necessary •Total volume of fluids injected reduced
•Potential reduced injection costs •Single injection lasts years
SIMPLIFIED BIO SCIENCE
Simplified Bio
Aerobic IXPER STIMULOX Anaerobic CAP 18 CAP 18 ME Remediation Grade Bioremediation Products
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
Oxygen Releasing
Compounds
Comparison
Ingredients Advantages Disadvantages Price
STIMULOX
calcium peroxide
magnesium peroxide
ammonia persulfate
potassium persulfate
dicalcium phosphate
ST & LT release of O2
slightly lower pH
nutrients
passive ISCO
lower AO content
(9.7%) more
expensive
metals content
$7.00/lb
ORC magnesium peroxidehigher AO content (10%)
lower cost
consumed faster
higher pH
no nutrients
no ISCO
$5.00 - $7.00 / lb
ORC Advanced calcium peroxidehigher AO content (17%)
lower cost
consumed faster
higher pH
no nutrients
no ISCO
$5.00 - $7.00 / lb
EHC-Ocalcium peroxide
zeolite
higher AO content (17%)
lower cost
consumed faster
higher pH
no nutrients
no ISCO
$5.23/lb
PermeOx Plus calcium peroxide higher AO content (17%)
consumed faster
higher pH
no nutrients
no ISCO
$4.00-$6.00/lb
IXPER 70C & 75C calcium peroxide
long term O2 source
higher AO (16.6%)
lower cost
higher pH
no nutrients
no ISCO
$3.00 - $4.00 / lb
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
Calcium Peroxide •IXPER 75C ~75% CaO2 by weight
•Dry powder average size 15µ (Talc powder) •Typical Injection product •~17% active oxygen by weight •Food grade
•IXPER 70C ~70% CaO2 by weight •Granular material average size 500-2,000µ •Typical trench or excavation product •Slower oxygen release profile due to surface area •~15.5% active oxygen by weight •Food grade quality
Product Use
•Long term oxygen source for aerobic degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
How Does IXPER Work
Onset of Action •Slowly decomposes in water generating oxygen •Slowest release of all competitors in studies conduction by Western Michigan University
CaO2 Remaining in Water
IXPER 70C granules slowest O2 release
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54
Time (weeks)
Ca
O2 R
em
ain
ing
(%
) PermeOx Plus
IXPER 75C
IXPER 70C granules
1% Suspention
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54
Time (weeks)
pH
PermeOx Plus
IXPER 75C
IXPER 70C granules
How Does IXPER Work
Onset of Action •Higher pH allows for slower release mechanism as H2O2 not being produced pH in Water
PermeOx Plus lower than IXPER
1% Suspension
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
IXPER Summary
• Longer Lasting oxygen release •Natural pH: Extends release of oxygen •Two grades to match application use •IXPER 75C price per pound
•$3.11 - $3.51 depending on volume
•IXPER 70C price per pound •$3.91
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
What is STIMULOX®
A blend of five separate components designed to produce optimum aerobic bioremediation conditions
•IXPER 75C Calcium Permangnate
•Provides a long term oxygen source •Magnesium Peroxide
•Provides short and long term oxygen source •Ammonia Persulphate
•Provides fixed nitrogen and nutrients •Potassium Persulphate
•Provides potassium and pH adjustment •Dicalcium Phosphate
•Nutrients
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
How Does STIMULOX Work
Onset of Action •Active ingredients decompose in water generating oxygen at different rates providing short and long term oxygen release •pH buffering and nutrients released over time to provide optimum conditions for bioremediation
Oxygen released in Water
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Dis
solv
ed
Ox
yg
en
(m
g/L
)
Days
STIMULOX
ORC
MgO2
CRT
Carus Remediation Technologies
STIMULOX Summary
• Multiple oxygen release rates quick onset as well as long term oxygen •pH buffering •Nutrients •Fixed Nitrogen
•STIMULOX price per pound
•$7.00