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CRITICAL THINKING TOOLS
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Critical Thinking Tools….
Introduction to 4 that may be useful to make initial choices:
• PMI
• PCD
• Pohl Directed Thinking
• Problem Solution Chart
Sourced from Sally Pohipi ‘Critical Thinking Pack’
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PMI
PLUS
MINUS
INTERESTING
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PCDQUESTION
Possibility Possibility Possibility
Consequences Consequences Consequences
Decision
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Pohl Directed ThinkingWhy YES?
Why NO?
Why WAIT?
What ELSE?
Way to GO?
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Problem-Solution ChartWhat is the PROBLEM?
What are the EFFECTS?
What are the CAUSES?
What are some SOLUTIONS?
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Critical Thinking Tools….
Introduction to 4 that may be useful during research and/or information gathering:
• CAMPER• 3 MIN PAUSE• MIND MAPS• KPQ CHART• THE RESEARCH CYCLE
Sourced from Sally Pohipi ‘Critical Thinking Pack’
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CAMPERCritical Questions
C Consequences
Consistency
What are the consequences of believing this?
How consistent is the information?
A Assumptions
Accuracy
What assumptions have been made here?
How accurate is the data/information?
M Meaning
Main Points
What is the meaning of this?
What is the main point here?
P Prejudice
Point of View
What prejudice is being shown here?
What other points of view could be expressed?
E Evidence
Examples
What evidence is given to support the claim?
What examples are given to back up the claim?
R Relevance
Reliability
How relevant are the claims?
How reliable is the source, writer, information?
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3 Minute Pause1) Summarise the key points thus far
2) Add your own thoughts
3) Pose clarifying questions
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Mind Maps
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KPQ ChartWhat we KNOW What we think is
a POSSIBILITYQUESTIONS we would like the answers to
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The Research CycleQuestion
Plan
Gather
Sort, Sift, Analyse
Synthesise
Evaluate
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PE SPECIFIC ASPECTS…
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Bio-Physical aspects
• The medical / scientific approach to the event, trend or issue
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Socio-Cultural aspects
• Understanding the impact of the social and cultural factors on the event, trend or issue– Use SPE’E’ECH or SPEECH’E’
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SPEECH’E’
• SOCIETAL – what factors in our society impact on this issue? Think social construction, position in society.
• POLITICAL – what are the political / legal implications? Think about law, government policy, funding.
• ECONOMIC – what role does economics play? Who is advantaged, disadvantaged?
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SPEECH’E’ continued…• ENVIRONMENTAL – what other factors
are important? How does the environment we are brought up in influence the issue?
• CULTURAL – what cultural factors may account for this issue? Think religion, race, gender
• HISTORICAL – is it recent or historical? Think are there precedents?
• ‘ETHICAL’ – what are the ramifications of this?
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PE Key Terms
• HEGEMONY – this is the dominance or power of one group, or ideal, over another. Applicable in male – female gender discussion, body image discussion, racial discussion?